Ophthalmology Commons^™

Enhancing Patient Understanding: The Impact Of Educational Videos On Ophthalmology Visits, Anna Zhao

Medical Student Research Symposium

A major component of effective patient-centered care is the patient’s understanding of their health condition and treatments. Increased knowledge of medical conditions can positively modify health behaviors, such as more participation in cancer screening and better adherence to medications. However, the readability of educational materials often does not match the patients’ reading abilities. Instead, educational videos, which have gained prominence with the emergence of tele-visits following COVID-19, have shown promise in being beneficial to patients with lower literacy levels. For ocular pathologies, early identification and care are key in preventing vision loss. Tele-education in ophthalmology could increase patient awareness of …

Ocular Syphilis: A Case Report And Public Health Discussion, Andrew L. Fine, Hope V. Daskalakis, Rutwik Pradeep Sharma M.D., Mirna Ogeilat M.D.

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Ocular Syphilis describes a localized manifestation of a systemic treponema pallidum infection. It most commonly presents with decreased visual acuity due to uveitis and can occur at any time throughout the disease course. This report describes a case of undiagnosed syphilis that was serendipitously diagnosed with blood product screening. This case highlights the need for better public education and outreach pertaining to sexually transmitted infections. This report will detail this patient's clinical course and discuss how healthcare providers can aid in early disease detection to improve both patient outcomes and overall public health.

Relationship Between Pterygium Size And Accuracy Of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation, Sara Salah Mohamed Abd El-Hameed, Nashwa Mohamed Lamie, Asmaa Mohammed Gamal El-Deen

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Conjunctival tissue encroaches triangularly into the cornea to form pterygium. In a progressive pterygium, it may be red, thick, and fleshy, while in an atrophic pterygium, it may be pale, thin, and membranous. The precision of the estimated intraocular lens (IOL) power can be affected by significant corneal astigmatism brought on by a big pterygium.

Objective: To detect the relationship between pterygium size and its impact on IOL power calculation. That is for accurate calculation of IOL power before cataract surgery.

Patients and Methods: A prospective, non-randomized controlled clinical trail was performed at the ophthalmology department of Al-Zahraa University …

Assessment Of The Nanodropper Eye Drop Adaptor For Glaucoma Medications, Nicholas Pryde, Parker J. Williams, Faisal Ridha Al-Timimi, John Michael Guest

Medical Student Research Symposium

Assessment of the Nanodropper Eye Drop Adaptor for Glaucoma Medications

Nicholas Pryde, BS¹; Parker J. Williams, DO ¹; John-Michael Guest, MD¹; Bret A. Hughes, MD¹; Faisal Ridha MD¹

¹Kresge Eye Institute and Wayne State University Department of Ophthalmology, Detroit, MI, USA

Purpose: To determine the dispensed volume change for seven medications with and without the Nanodropper adaptor.

Methods: Sequentially, 100 µL of each medication was dispensed by micropipette into a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube, and mass without the tube was determined with a precision balance (Practum, Germany). The mean mass was …

Functional Attenuation Coefficient Imaging Of Rod Inner Segment: The Shape Of Things To Come, Cole Goodman

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose: Dysfunction of mitochondria and their linked processes within the rod cell (i.e., the rod energy-landscape) are leading hypotheses for rod atrophy in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). It remains unclear how to translate the detailed information available from isolated cell / mitochondria studies into how mitochondria are functioning and responding to treatment in vivo. Here we present a new rod energy-landscape biomarker that can help address this problem using a common clinical tool.

Methods: In mice, OCT data was converted into attenuation coefficients (AC) to map the light-scattering of mitochondria within the inner segment (IS), which fills ~75% of its volume …

Hyperreflective Band On Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography, Zaynab Sajjadi, Zeynep Bas, Carol L Shields

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

No abstract provided.

Post-Operative Day 1 Versus Day 0 Follow-Up For Uncomplicated Cataract Surgeries: A Comparison Of Post-Operative Outcomes And Managements, Harsh Parekh Bs, Shibandri Das Md, Vaama Patel Md, Ryan Freedman Md, Sabba Mansoor Bs, Amanda Ismail Md, Faisal Ridha Al-Timimi Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Purpose: To compare the postoperative outcomes and management of uncomplicated cataract surgery (CEIOL) patients seen on post-operative day zero (POD 0) versus post-operative day one (POD 1).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 533 patients who had CEIOL at the Kresge Eye Institute from December 2017 to September 2019 was performed. Visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were collected from the pre-operative visit, and the first and second post-operative day visits. In addition, changes in management were recorded from the first post-operative day visit. Patients were excluded if they had a complex cataract procedure, had combined glaucoma filtering surgery, …

Direct Multiplexing Of Low Order Aberration Modes In A Photopolymerbased Holographic Element For Analog Holographic Wavefront Sensing, Emma Branigan, Suzanne Martin, Matthew Sheehan, Kevin Murphy

Conference Papers

The fabrication of an analog holographic wavefront sensor, capable of detecting the low order defocus aberration, was achieved in an acrylamide-based photopolymer. While other implementations of holographic wavefront sensors have been carried out digitally, this process utilises a recording setup consisting only of conventional refractive elements so the cost and complexity of holographic optical element (HOE) production could be much reduced. A pair of diffraction spots, corresponding to a maximum and minimum amount of defocus, were spatially separated in the detector plane by multiplexing two HOEs with different carrier spatial frequencies. For each wavefront with a known aberration that was …

Application Of Big-Data For Epidemiological Studies Of Refractive Error, James Loughman

Articles

To examine whether data sourced from electronic medical records (EMR) and a large industrial spectacle lens manufacturing database can estimate refractive error distribution within large populations as an alternative to typical population surveys of refractive error.

Dry Eye: Patient Education, Mark Oet

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Recent literature has shown increased incidence of dry eye and eye strain symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic, coinciding with an increase in screen time for almost all populations. This project aims to address this observation at a community level by creating a patient-friendly education pamphlet for Newtown Primary Care about dry eye and digital ocular strain based on American Academy of Ophthalmology guidelines.

A Systematic Approach To Big Data Analysis In Cataract Patients In Telangana State, India, Amna Alalawi

Full-Text Theses & Dissertations

Big data is the new gold, especially in healthcare. Advances in collecting and processing Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in healthcare. Big data require collection and analysis of data at an unprecedented scale and represents a paradigm shift in healthcare, offering on one hand the capacity to generate new knowledge more quickly than traditional scientific approaches, and, on the other hand, a holistic understanding of specific illnesses when socio-demographics are incorporated in the analysis. Big data promises more personalized and precision medicine for patients …

Worldwide Inequality In Access To Full Text Scientific Articles: The Example Of Ophthalmology., Christophe Boudry, Patricio Alvarez-Muñoz, Ricardo Arencibia-Jorge, Didier Ayena, Niels J Brouwer, Zia Chaudhuri, Brenda Chawner, Emilienne Epee, Khalil Erraïs, Akbar Fotouhi, Almutez M Gharaibeh, Dina H Hassanein, Martina C Herwig-Carl, Katherine Howard, Dieudonne Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Patricia-Ann Laughrea, Fernando A Lopez, Juan D Machin-Mastromatteo, Fernando K Malerbi, Papa Amadou Ndiaye, Nina A Noor, Josmel Pacheco-Mendoza, Vasilios P Papastefanou, Mufarriq Shah, Carol L Shields, Ya Xing Wang, Vasily Yartsev, Frederic Mouriaux

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background: The problem of access to medical information, particularly in low-income countries, has been under discussion for many years. Although a number of developments have occurred in the last decade (e.g., the open access (OA) movement and the website Sci-Hub), everyone agrees that these difficulties still persist very widely, mainly due to the fact that paywalls still limit access to approximately 75% of scholarly documents. In this study, we compare the accessibility of recent full text articles in the field of ophthalmology in 27 established institutions located worldwide.

Methods: A total of 200 references from articles were retrieved using the …

Modulation Of Inflammation Driven Wound Healing After Glaucoma Surgery, James J. Armstrong

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Dysregulated wound healing contributes to most currently unanswered ophthalmological morbidity. Opacification and structure altering contractures compromise the delicate ocular anatomy upon which ocular function and healthy vision are reliant. Glaucoma filtration surgery, corneal stromal injury, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are major contributors to ocular morbidity – all with myofibroblast transdifferentiation and pathognomonic scarring activity at their core.

This thesis aims to revaluate the means by which dysregulated ocular wound healing is combated with evidence describing a novel strategy to mitigate its effects. A translational approach was used. An initial retrospective analysis of over ten thousand glaucoma surgeries found …

The Relative Financial Cost And Benefit Of An Ophthalmology Resident Compared To An Advanced Practice Provider, Optometrist, Or Faculty Ophthalmologist, Daniel B. Moore, William Barr

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications

Objective The main objective of the article is to determine the relative direct financial cost and benefit of an advanced practice provider (APP), optometrist, and faculty ophthalmologist compared with an ophthalmology resident.

Design Single center cost–benefit financial analysis.

Methods The direct total expenses, including mean salary and benefits; the cost/week, based upon calculated hours worked; and net revenue, based upon technical collections subtracted from total expenses were collected for all APPs, optometrists, faculty ophthalmologists, and ophthalmology residents at the University of Kentucky for the 2016 to 2017 academic year. Optometry and ophthalmology faculty collections were adjusted for clinical full-time equivalents. …

The Tumor Microenvironment Regulates Retinoblastoma Cell Survival, Zachary K. Goldsmith

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children comprising 4% of all pediatric tumors. Early intervention increases survival rates up to 95% in developed countries; being survival rates associated to socio-economic status. Despite the high survival rates in developed countries, preservation of the eye and vision are continuing challenges in the management of Rb. Vitreous seeds constitute the greatest challenge in treatment of Rb. The unique location of these seeds within the vitreous makes them difficult to treat. Viable seeds showed reduced proliferative capacity and metabolism. making the majority refractory to current chemotherapeutics. This prompted the development of …

Patients And Animal Models Of Cngβ1-Deficient Retinitis Pigmentosa Support Gene Augmentation Approach., Simon M Petersen-Jones, Laurence M. Occelli, Paige A. Winkler, Winston Lee, Janet R Sparrow, Mai Tsukikawa, Sanford L. Boye, Vince Chiodo, Jenina E. Capasso, Elvir Becirovic, Christian Schön, Mathias W. Seeliger, Alex V. Levin, Stylianos Michalakis, William W. Hauswirth, Stephen H. Tsang

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a major cause of blindness that affects 1.5 million people worldwide. Mutations in cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β 1 (CNGB1) cause approximately 4% of autosomal recessive RP. Gene augmentation therapy shows promise for treating inherited retinal degenerations; however, relevant animal models and biomarkers of progression in patients with RP are needed to assess therapeutic outcomes. Here, we evaluated RP patients with CNGB1 mutations for potential biomarkers of progression and compared human phenotypes with those of mouse and dog models of the disease. Additionally, we used gene augmentation therapy in a CNGβ1-deficient dog model to evaluate potential translation …

A Clinico-Pathological Study Of The Structural And Functional Changes In The Retina And Optic Nerve Following Diabetic Retinopathy Treatments, Richard Filek

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the result of microvascular changes in the retina due to hyperglycemia which alter the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The increased permeability of BRB results in the accumulation of extracellular fluid, the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and capillary occlusion. Capillary occlusion results in retinal ischemia which increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, increases vascular permeability and results in neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. The treatments clinically used for DR are panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for PDR and injectable vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGFs) for DME.

The safety of PRP and anti-VEGF therapy on …

More Than Meets The Eye: The Contributions Of John Dalrymple (1803-1852)., Joy Mh Wang, Bryan Edwards, Gabrielle G Tardieu, Marios Loukas, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Having authored two major ophthalmology textbooks and honored with the eponym, the "Dalrymple sign," many are familiar with the works of Dr. John Dalrymple when it comes to the eye. However, few are aware of his other, numerous and wide-ranging contributions to the fields of science and medicine. In this article, we discuss the life and work of a man dedicated to the pursuit and advancement of knowledge and education.

Medical Resource Utilization Of Outpatient Care For Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Rabia Idrees, Michael Fisher, Rachel Hachen, Brian Callaghan, Robert A. Avery

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background:

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome with manifestations affecting the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, peripheral nervous system, and cognitive/behavioral functions. Many of these manifestations persist throughout life and require medical/surgical interventions.

The resource utilization and economic burden of caring for children with NF1 is unknown. Prior research has inherent selection bias and does not accurately reflect the incidence/resource utilization of morbidities. In order to identify which disease manifestations are in the most need of improved clinical algorithms and novel therapeutics, the frequency/type of resources utilized (i.e., diagnostic imaging and specialty visits) must be determined.

The …

Horner's Syndrome Secondary To Neuroblastoma, Roberto A. Cruz, T. K. Tran, Nicky R. Holdeman, Christian Cajavilca, Rosa A. Tang

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Horner’s syndrome is classically characterized by a triad of miosis, partial ptosis and anhidrosis. The etiology is due to an interruption in the sympathetic innervation to the eye. A prompt diagnosis is crucial, given that Horner’s syndrome could be a manifestation of a life-threatening condition. A thorough case history and clinical evaluation must be employed to arrive at the diagnosis. An important means for confirming Horner’s syndrome is pharmacological testing, which is also used to localize the level where the sympathetic chain is compromised. Following the diagnosis and localization of the lesion, an algorithm should be followed to determine the …

Cost-Savings Analysis Of Telemedicine Use For Ophthalmic Screening In A Rural Appalachian Health Clinic, D. Russell Richardson, Russell Fry Ii, Michael Krasnow Do, Phd

Ophthalmology

Life in mountainous, rural areas poses unique obstacles for ophthalmic care--notably, a lack of access to ophthalmologists and cost of care. Using telemedicine as a screening tool addresses both issues for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, as fundus photography has been determined to be sensitive and specific when screening for DR.^1,2 The American Diabetes Association places a Grade E recommendation on fundus photography as a screening tool.³ We analyze the financial impact of ophthalmic telemedicine in a mountainous, rural health clinic in West Virginia over a seven year period from 2003-2009. At-risk patients are screened with a fundus camera …

Macular Sensitivity And Fixation Patterns In Normal Eyes And Eyes With Uveitis With And Without Macular Edema., Yasir J. Sepah, Elham Hatef, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Jianmin Wang, Mathew Shulman, Fatima I. Adhi, Abeer Akhtar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Afsheen Khwaja, Roomasa Channa, Raafay Sophie, Millena Bittencourt, Jangwon Heo, Diana V Do, Quan Dong Nguyen

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between macular sensitivity and thickness in eyes with uveitic macular edema (UME).

DESIGN: This study is a prospective observational case series.

METHODS: The setting for this study was clinical practice. The study included 59 (28 with UME, 31 without UME) eyes of 26 patients with uveitis and 19 eyes of 10 normal subjects. The procedure followed was fundus-related perimetry and retinal thickness map with an automated fundus perimetry/tomography system. Main outcome measures included quantification of macular sensitivity, fixation pattern, and relationship between macular sensitivity and thickness.

RESULTS: Fixation stability revealed that 56 …

Photodisruption In Ocular Tissue Near And At The Boundary Between The Anterior Chamber And Crystalline Lens, Richard Ty Olmstead

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lasers have been involved in Ophthalmology in the treatment of myopia and hyperopia for several years. Laser systems have transformed patients‟ quality of life, freeing them from the need for glasses, as in the case of LASIK. Ultrafast lasers have played an important role in surgery of the eye. In LASIK, they are used to cut the flap that is lifted to expose the stroma for UV Excimer laser treatment of this region. They are now being used for surgery deeper into the eye,for instance, treating the lens as part of treatments for cataract surgery. The use of ultrafast lasers …