Ophthalmology Commons^™

Pituitary Adenoma Hidden By Comorbid Cataract, Len Koh Od, Megan E. Mcchesney Od, Chad E. Gosnell Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: A pituitary adenoma is an abnormal growth in the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenomas are the most common cause of sellar masses accounting for approximately 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. Early visual symptom of pituitary adenoma can be hidden by comorbid cataract in elderly patients. Case Report: A 74 y.o. male presented to the eye clinic with blurry vision at all distances and has trouble with glare from lights. His best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20^-1 OD, 20/25^-2 OS, but subjectively of poor quality. Slit lamp exam confirmed mild nuclear sclerotic cataract OU and normal fundus exam. …

Prevalence Of Age-Related Macular Degeneration And Associated Factors In Indian Cohort In A Tertiary Care Setting, Jacqueline Hamati, Sai Prashanthi, Raja Narayanan, Niroj Sahoo, Anthony Vipin Das, Padmaja Kumari Rani, Umesh Chandra Behera, Rohit Khanna, Gudlavalleti V.S. Murthy

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

PURPOSE: To report a big data analysis of risk and protective factors in patients with AMD, as well as report on the age-adjusted prevalence in a geriatric Indian cohort in a hospital setting.

METHODS: This retrospective, observational study of all patients older than 60 years of age. Multiple logistic regression was performed for the binary outcome and the presence of AMD. Variables analyzed include age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, urban-rural-metropolitan distribution, self-reported history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), or coronary artery disease (CAD), ocular comorbidities, history of cataract surgery, and presenting VA. Odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals …

Corneal Outcomes Following Cataract Surgery Using Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices Composed Of Chondroitin Sulfate-Hyaluronic Acid: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Chia-Wen Hsiao, Hang Cheng, Rana Ghafouri, Nicole C. Ferko, Brandon D. Ayres

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

Background: Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) are commonly used during cataract surgery to protect the corneal endothelium. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the clinical evidence of OVDs composed of chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronic acid (CS-HA) versus other OVDs in maintaining endothelial cell density (ECD) and corneal thickness (CT).

Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 2000 to 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs, N ≥ 20 per group) comparing an OVD containing CS-HA (ie, VISCOAT®, DuoVisc® or DisCoVisc®) to any other OVD were included. The identified comparators were limited to the OVDs found in the literature, which included …

Autophagy Requirements For Eye Lens Differentiation And Transparency, Lisa Brennan, M Joseph Costello, J Fielding Hejtmancik, A. Menko, S Amer Riazuddin, Alan Shiels, Marc Kantorow

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Recent evidence points to autophagy as an essential cellular requirement for achieving the mature structure, homeostasis, and transparency of the lens. Collective evidence from multiple laboratories using chick, mouse, primate, and human model systems provides evidence that classic autophagy structures, ranging from double-membrane autophagosomes to single-membrane autolysosomes, are found throughout the lens in both undifferentiated lens epithelial cells and maturing lens fiber cells. Recently, key autophagy signaling pathways have been identified to initiate critical steps in the lens differentiation program, including the elimination of organelles to form the core lens organelle-free zone. Other recent studies using ex vivo lens culture …

Effectiveness Of Machine Learning Classifiers For Cataract Screening, Ronald Cheung

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and vision loss globally. The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry has been on the rise in the past few decades and machine learning (ML) classifiers have shown to be able to diagnose patients with cataracts. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of these ML classifiers for cataracts currently published in the literature. Retrieved from nine articles, the pooled sensitivity was 94.8% and the specificity was 96.0% for adult cataracts. Additionally, an economic analysis was conducted to explore the cost-effectiveness of implementing ML to …

A Proposed Method To Verify Physician Visual Estimation Of Intraoperative Corneal Edema From Refractive Measurement Images During Cataract Surgery, Karalee Corley

CMC Senior Theses

A patient’s resultant vision quality in a restorative Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS) can be fine tuned via an intraoperative measurement of refractive power and axis of astigmatism in the aphakic state. Standard preoperative measurements often disagree with intraoperative measurements (Optiwave Refractive Analysis; Alcon, Inc.) on account of the inclusion or exclusion of posterior corneal curvature, leaving the ultimate lens selection to physician discretion. One additional suggested cause of disagreement is swelling at the corneal incision site (Corley and Carmack 2020).The following proposes a method to verify visual estimation of intraoperative corneal swelling from 2D gray-scale images collected during …

Leveraging Big Data For Pattern Recognition Of Socio-Demographic And Climatic Factors In Correlation With Eye Disorders In Telangana State, India, Amna Alalawi, Les Sztandera, Parth Lalakia, Anthony Vipin Das, Sai Prashanthi Gumpili, Richard Derman

Kanbar College Faculty Papers

Purpose: Big data is the new gold, especially in health care. Advances in collecting and processing electronic medical records (EMR) coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in health care. Ophthalmology has been an area of focus where results have shown to be promising. The objective of this study was to determine whether the EMR at a multi-tier ophthalmology network in India can contribute to the management of patient care, through studying how climatic and socio-demographic factors relate to eye disorders and visual impairment in the State of Telangana.

Methods: …

A Systematic Review On Three Major Types Of Scleral-Fixated Intraocular Lens Implantation, Ho Ming Wong, Ka Wai Kam, Christopher J Rapuano, Alvin L Young

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: We performed a systematic review on 3 major types of scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantations and conducted subgroup analyses on pediatric population and subjects with Marfan syndrome.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

METHODS: We performed a search in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase for English language articles with keywords "(sutured intraocular lens) OR (SFIOL) OR (sutureless intraocular lens) OR (glued intraocular lens) OR (intrascleral intraocular lens) OR (SFIOL)" through October 16, 2019. Articles reporting individual outcomes after SFIOL were included in this systematic review. Recorded outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative complications, endothelial cell changes, and intraocular lens-related outcomes.

RESULTS: Our …

A Systematic Approach To Big Data Analysis In Cataract Patients In Telangana State, India, Amna Alalawi

Full-Text Theses & Dissertations

Big data is the new gold, especially in healthcare. Advances in collecting and processing Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), coupled with increasing computer capabilities have resulted in an increased interest in the use of big data in healthcare. Big data require collection and analysis of data at an unprecedented scale and represents a paradigm shift in healthcare, offering on one hand the capacity to generate new knowledge more quickly than traditional scientific approaches, and, on the other hand, a holistic understanding of specific illnesses when socio-demographics are incorporated in the analysis. Big data promises more personalized and precision medicine for patients …

Anterior Subcapsular Cataract Secondary To Black Mold Exposure, Katherine B. Lynch Od, Bruce A. Teitelbaum Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

A case report of a 31-year-old woman who developed anterior subacapsular cataracts, and associated dermatological signs, after exposure to black mold. While atopic illness is commonly seen in childhood, a growing body of literature supports adult onset atopic dermatitis. Anterior subcapsular cataracts are pathognomonic for atopic illness, and can support a definitive and expedited dermatologic diagnosis of adult onset disease.

Cataract Blindness: Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Treatment Barriers And High Blindness Rates For Women In Rural Regions Of Andhra Pradesh, Kiranpreet Kaur

Auctus: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Despite efforts of Vision 2020 in India, the 2001 Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) extrapolated that approximately 18.7 million blind people resided in India and projected an increase to 31.6 million blind people by 2020. Within the Andhra Pradesh state itself, the preventable blindness population had increased from approximately 1,143,150 people in 1990 to 1,402,264 people in 2001, against reformation attempts by the National Program for Control of Blindness. Of this, cataracts were consistently the leading cause of avoidable blindness. Numerous public health studies have been conducted to outline factors that preclude treatment of avoidable cataract blindness in the …

Cataract Surgery In Children From Birth To Less Than 13 Years Of Age: Baseline Characteristics Of The Cohort., Michael X. Repka, Trevano W. Dean, Elizabeth L. Lazar, Kimberly G. Yen, Phoebe D. Lenhart, Sharon F. Freedman, Denise Hug, Bahram Rahmani, Serena X. Wang, Raymond T. Kraker, David K. Wallace, Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline characteristics, initial postoperative refractive errors, operative complications, and magnitude of the intraocular lens (IOL) prediction error for refractive outcome in children undergoing lensectomy largely in North America.

DESIGN: Prospective registry study of children from birth to enrollment.

PARTICIPANTS: Total of 1266 eyes of 994 children; 49% female and 59% white.

METHODS: Measurement of refractive error, axial length, and complete ophthalmic examination.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eye and systemic associated conditions, IOL style, refractive error, pseudophakic refraction prediction error, operative and perioperative complications.

RESULTS: Mean age at first eligible lens surgery was 4.2 years; 337 (34%) were(59%). Additional …

Posterior Lenticonus In The Dog, Gustavo D. Aguirre, Stephen I. Bistner

Gustavo D. Aguirre, VMD, PhD

Posterior lenticonus is a congenital defect of the posterior lenticular surface. The posterior cortical and capsular regions of the lens have a circumscribed conelike or globular protrusion of variable size. Opacities may be present in the region of the conus. The defect has been reported in man, rabbits, calves and mice. This report documents 2 cases in unrelated dogs. The possible mechanism for the formation of this defect is discussed.

Development Of A Surgical Instrument Prototype To Perform A More Precise Capsulorhexis, Kirk Haugen

Interdisciplinary Program Research

Performing capsulorhexis is often considered the most difficult part of cataract surgery. Not only is it difficult to perform, but doing it correctly is important for refractive outcomes (Okada, Hersh, Paul, & Straaten, 2013). Poorly done capsulorhexes are associated with problems including posterior capsulor opacification, capsulor fibrosis, and capsulor phimosis (Raviv, The perect capsulorhexis: more critical than ever, 2010). This study investigates whether or not a proposed surgical instrument will produce more precise capsulorhexes as measured by the circularity index. 60 capsulorhexes were performed on cigarette paper laid over clay. Half were done using the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis method, while …

Surgery For Post-Vitrectomy Cataract, Diana V. Do, Stephen Gichuhi, Satyanarayana S. Vedula, Barbara S. Hawkins

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: Cataract formation or acceleration can occur after intraocular surgery, especially following vitrectomy, a surgical technique for removing the vitreous which is used in the treatment of disorders that affect the posterior segment of the eye. The underlying problem that led to vitrectomy may limit the benefit from cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of surgery for post-vitrectomy cataract with respect to visual acuity, quality of life, and other outcomes.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 4), …