Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons^™

Maternal And Perinatal Outcomes Of Women With Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section Compared To Repeat Cesarean Birth In Select South Asian And Latin American Settings Of The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health Research, Lester Figueroa, Margo Harrison, Manolo Mazariegos, Shivaprasad Gouda, Avinash Kavi, Richard Derman, Archana Patel, Prabir Das, Sarah Saleem, Farnaz Naqvi

Community Health Sciences

Objective: Our objective was to analyze a prospective population-based registry including five sites in four low- and middle-income countries to observe characteristics associated with vaginal birth after cesarean versus repeat cesarean birth, as well as maternal and newborn outcomes associated with the mode of birth among women with a history of prior cesarean.
Hypothesis: Maternal and perinatal outcomes among vaginal birth after cesarean section will be similar to those among recurrent cesarean birth.
Methods: A prospective population-based study, including home and facility births among women enrolled from 2017 to 2020, was performed in communities in Guatemala, India (Belagavi and Nagpur), …

Best Therapeutic Practices In The Management Of Obstetric Sepsis, Gabriel Petre Gorecki, Oana Denisa Balalau, Diana Elena Comandasu, Anca Daniela Stanescu, Dana Rodica Tomescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Background. Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy make maternal sepsis a difficult condition to diagnose and treat, still having a fairly high mortality rate. Consequently, an early diagnosis and prompt therapeutic management of sepsis can significantly decrease mortality. The purpose of this study is to review literature data that present current practices in the management of obstetric sepsis. Methods. To collect the data required for the study, we performed a search of published articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases related to obstetric sepsis. Research paper articles from the period 2012-2022 were included in the analysis. In addition, 145 …

Sentinel Node Biopsy For Personalized Breast Cancer Management; Advances And Controversies, Rahim Al Moushaly, Daniel Ion, Octavian Andronic, Bogdan Socea, Alexandru Cosmin Palcau, Dan Nicolae Paduraru

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the gold standard for axillary lymph node staging, providing valuable prognostic information while minimizing complications compared to axillary lymph node dissection. However, there are ongoing debates and controversies surrounding SLNB in specific cases. Studies have explored the use of SLNB in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, emphasizing the need for customized therapy decisions. Factors such as age, tumor characteristics, and treatment response influence the selection of SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection. Additionally, the presence of extranodal extension, micrometastases, and isolated tumor cells has been evaluated to determine the need for lymphadenectomy. The importance of accurate …

About Dying And Death: Thanatology's Place In Medical Curriculum, Jill Dombroski

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study explored how healthcare providers engage in advance care planning and end-of-life care conversations. The research explored what shapes their understanding and the extent to which concepts from thanatology they intuitively bring in, explicitly bring in, and maybe fail to recognize. To achieve this, constructivist grounded theory (CGT) methodology guided the design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the findings, which allowed for iteration across interviews and analysis with existing theories and data in the literature. The CGT design encouraged further engagement with the literature in an ongoing iterative fashion as well as with the analysis of the data. …

A Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (Usg-Tap) Block Vs Open Surgical Technique For Post Cesarean Section Pain Control, Abd El-Moneim Mohamed Zakaria, Magdy Ahmed Abdel Momen, Ahmed Mohamed Saeed, Moustafa Mahomoud Nasr Hemdan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Opioids are linked to significant health problems, such as nausea, vomiting, sedations, pruritus, and respiratory depressions in addition to newborns adverse effects via opioid transmitting across breastfeeding during caesarean section, even after the efficient stages of post-operative analgesia attained with the administration of opioids in combination with NSAIDs and paracetamol continuing to follow general anaesthesia.

Aim of the work: This study's objective is to evaluate pain levels at (rests and movements), and need for opioids following cesarean section using TAP block techniques (USG TAP, intraoperative direct vision TAP).

Patients and Methods: This study comprised 100 pregnant women who underwent …

Masseteric Nerve Transfer For Facial Reanimation: Meta-Analysis Study, Hossam Abdelatef Mahmoud, Moustafa Sayed Ahmed Meky, Sherif Hamdeno Youssif

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Loss of facial nerve function, always follows facial nerve damage is called facial palsy. Since communicating emotions or intentions becomes difficult, this complicated condition hinders social connections. Thus, facial nerve repair requires a customized meticloulus techniques.

Objective: Meta-analysis study to evaluate masseteric nerve transmission role in reanimation of the face.

Methodology: This is Meta-analysis study for Literature that was implemented from January 2012 to 28th of Aug 2022, with the aid of these databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (ISI). We searched carfully all the included references of appropriate reviews in addition to the original articles …

Role Of Free-Tissue Transfer In Diabetic Foot Salvage With Systematic Review, Tarek Mahmoud Youssef El-Banoby, Hazem Hussein Dahshan, Belal Ismail Hassan Zidan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Lower extremity wounds that don't heal are still a difficult problem for reconstructive surgery. Over 50% of all amputations are caused by diabetic foot and peripheral artery illness.

Aim and objectives: The goal of this research was to evaluation of free flap in diabetic foot as regard eradication of infection, coverage durability, and lower extremity function.

Patient and methods: The research was done at the AL-Azhar University Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. From patients hospitalized to the department of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery at AL-Azhar University, 20 diabetic patients with lower extremities defects had been chosen for a …

Correlation Of Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Bone Biochemical Markers In Premature And Full-Term Neonates, Khaled Mohammed Elsayed, Abd Elaziz Abd Elrahman Alnokaly, Mohammed Abd El-Malik Hassan, Mabrouk Mahmoud Abo Elenin

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Prematurity lowers body weight and bone mineral density in nearly 30% of preterm newborns. Premature newborns are not screened for metabolic bone disease, hence bone biochemical markers should be investigated. Acetylcholinesterase mediates bone remodeling in recent investigations. Bone biochemical indicators and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in preterm newborns may be linked. Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the probable correlation of AChE levels with multiple bone biomarkers in full-term and premature neonates. Subjects and Methods: This study was designed as a case control study. We examined 80 newborns (40 preterm with gestational age less than 37 weeks, …

Uterine Artery Doppler Indices As Determinant Of Success In Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Abd-Elqawy Hendawy Shams, Fahd Abd Elall El Omda, Noha Mohamed Sabry

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Patients with infertility are usually advised to have intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI). Doppler ultrasound, which uses high frequency transvaginal probes and coloured pictures, is one of the most frequently used methods in this field. One of the parameters supplied by an ultrasonographic test for determining the success of IVF includes endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, endometrial volume, and endometrial blood flow. Aim: To detect implantation window using uterine artery indices in ICSI cycles. Subject and Methods: This study will be concluded at the assisted reproductive techniques unit of AlAzhar University on 100 patients. Results: Regarding BMI, there …

Abnormal Placentation With Placenta Accreta In A Post Ablation Pregnancy, Amanda Mirmanesh, Raechel Fockler, Woojin Chong

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a rare complication of pregnancy in which the placenta abnormally implants into, and in rarer cases, through the uterine wall which leads to increased maternal morbidity with risk of maternal mortality. PAS diagnosed at the time of delivery is associated with severe maternal morbidity largely due to elevated blood loss which can result in complications such as DIC and even maternal death. We present a case of a woman with PAS to reiterate the importance of close antepartum monitoring along with having a high suspicion for placenta accreta in a patient with risk factors, specifically …

Perioperative Ketamine Use For Post Mastectomy Pain, Alessia Cooney, Jaylyn Thompson, Naomi Watkins-Granville

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

PMPS is defined as chronic neuropathic pain following breast cancer procedures in the ipsilateral arm, chest wall, axilla or shoulder.1-3 Approximately 20 to 50% of post mastectomy patients suffer from Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (PMPS).1 With more than 3.8 million breast cancer survivors, due to advances in treatment, there is increased importance in findings ways to better manage the quality of life of breast cancer survivors.1,4 Ketamine induces analgesic effects through its non-competitive antagonism of NDMA receptors.5 Low doses of ketamine infusion (20–30 mg x h−1) have been shown to produce analgesia in neuropathic pain states with benefits lasting up …

Management Of Pelvic Pain Caused By Endometriosis, Denisa Oana Balalau, Ioana Andreea Ciupitu, Delia-Maria Bogheanu, Alexia-Ioana Ghiocel-Zariosu, Cristian Balalau, Liana Ples, Daniela Gabriela Bălan, Ioana Paunica, Marina-Romina Sima

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Endometriosis is a disorder of the epithelium and/or endometrial-like stroma outside the endometrium and myometrium, usually with an associated inflammatory process. It mainly affects young women of reproductive age, the prevalence being estimated at approximately 10%. Due to the varied clinical symptoms marked by chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia, dysuria, endometriosis requires a complex treatment. Endometriosis is a major health problem with socioeconomic impact, which is why many gynecological societies have published different guidelines to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. The variety of available treatments combined with the complexity of this disease leads to significant …

Long-Term Safety And Efficacy Of Non-Absorbable Abdominal Mesh For Apical Prolapse Surgery: A 10-Year Experience At Tertiary Care Hospital, Samia Aijaz, Novera G. Chughtai, Urooj Kashif, Summera Malik

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objectives: To evaluate the complications of apical prolapse correction with abdominally placed mesh and to assess the long-term efficacy of Sacrohysteropexy and Sacrocolpopexy.
Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aga Khan University Hospital. All women who underwent apical prolapse surgery using abdominal mesh from January 2010 to December 2019 at AKUH were included. Patients with missing routine follow up visits and incomplete data up to one year post op were excluded. Patient notes were reviewed, and subjective and objective success and complications were analyzed. Safety was measured by incidence of intra, early …

Juvenile-Type Granulosa Cell Tumor In Pregnancy Presenting As A Ruptured Abdominal Mass, Odinaka Mogor, Steven Feinstein, Glen Friedman, Jose Salvador Saldivar, Melissa Mendez

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are part of the sex cord-stromal tumors occurring with a rare incidence rate that only makes up about 2-5% of all ovarian malignancies.

Case Presentation

A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, presented with a juvenile-type granulosa cell tumor at 31 weeks gestation, which appeared as a rapidly growing mass with rupture. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and consequently had a successful vaginal delivery. Post-operatively she was treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy regimen with no evidence of recurrence after one year.

Conclusion

Radical surgical management is recommended for these tumors due …

Efficacy And Safety Of Endovascular Embolization Of Cerebral Avm, Abdou Hamdy Abdou El-Rahamany, Yousef Abdel Gelel Barakat, Ahmed Mahmoud Elsherif

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) has several benifits including AVM occlusion and flow reduction in preparation for other treatment techniques. Aim and objectives; To assess the efficacy and safety of endovascular embolization of cerebral AVM with different techniques and materials. Patients and methods; In a prospective and retrospective study, 22 patients diagnosed as AVM or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and underwent endovascular embolization at Neurosurgical intervention Unit at Al Hussein University Hospital were recruited in the period from beginning of Jan, 2020 to the end of May, 2022. We included patients aged above one month, diagnosed to have …

Comparative Study Between Using Of Radio Frequency Ablation And Endovenous Laser Ablation In The Treatment Of Primary Lower Limb Varicose Veins, Ashraf Mohamed Ewida, Mohamed Ibrahim Hammoda, Ahmed Ibrahim El-Saied Ibrahima

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Varicose veins are a frequent vascular issue. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and Endo-venous laser ablation (EVLA) are endo-venous treatments for varicose veins. Endo-venous therapy demonstrated superior outcomes than standard high ligation and stripping regarding pain, quality of life, healing, and recurrence. The RFA and ELA surpass vein stripping in morbidity, outcome, and neovascularization (recurrence), which is attributed for greater recurrence rates. Aim of the study: We aim to compare between using of radio frequency ablation and endo-venous laser ablation in the treatment of primary lower limb varicose veins as regard to complications, treatment failure, and recurrence. Patients and Methods: This …

Protective Role Of Single Versus Multiple Remote Ischemic Preconditioning In Elective Percutaneous Coronary Interventions., Mohamed Eid Youssuf, Ibrahim Abdel Fattah Yassin, Mansour Mohamed Sallam

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: One common approach to treat the symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Unfortunately, the myocardium is vulnerable to ischemia reperfusion damage whenever a previously blocked coronary artery is reopened.

Aim of the work: Our aim is to compare the efficacy of single and multiple remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in preventing post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) chest discomfort, ST-segment deviation, and myocardial infarction.

Subjects and Methods: In this prospective interventional trial, 125 patients were included who had been diagnosed with CAD and were candidates for PCI. Four groups of patients were studied separately. Fifty individuals made …

Prediction Of Fetal Macrosomia In Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Through Measuring The Umbilical Cord Thickness And Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c) Levels, Fahd Abd Elaal Elomda, Mohamad Abdel Hameed Kheder, Ahmed Mohamed Said, Mohamad Yousef Elsead

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: One of the most prevalent medical issues, diabetes mellitus, has emerged as a serious concern to pregnant women. It is linked to a number of maternal and fetal issues, including delivery traumas, perinatal death, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, and operating room interference. Early prediction of fatal complications will improve outcome and reduce perinatal mortality. Aim and objectives; to determine if pregnant diabetes women's use of HbA1c and umbilical cord thickness may accurately predict fetus's macrosomia. Subjects and methods; At Al-Hussein University Hospital, six-month prospective observational research on 100 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were 28 to 29 weeks along …

Relationship Between Visfatin Level And Cardiovascular Changes In Hemodialysis Patients., Mohamed Abdelhameed Hussein Abdelsalam, Ahmed Alaa-Eldin Ahmed Mohamed Saad, Sami Hassan Nouh, Maged Mohamed Abdelaziz, Nabil Fathy Esmael Hassan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Cardiovascular alterations include atherosclerosis, calcification, heart failure, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and stroke are a primary cause of mortality in people with CKD and ESRD. Individuals with CKD have been demonstrated to have increased serum levels of visfatin. A new study suggests that high visfatin levels in individuals with chronic kidney disease accurately predict cardiovascular abnormalities. Chronic renal failure, atherosclerosis, and calcification in the carotid arteries vary in individuals. The researchers set out to look at correlation of visfatin level and cardiovascular abnormalities in CKD patients. In this case-control comparative study, conventional Echocardiogram and carotid duplex assessment were used …

Efficacy Of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation On Spasticity In Egyptian Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Abdelrahman M. Khattab, Mahmoud M. Abd Elsayed Saleh, Ahmed E. Sarhan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; One of the most common neurologic disorders is multiple sclerosis. To improve quality of life, many tools have been employed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new established technique to treat spasticity and improve the outcome of rehabilitation program in various neurologic conditions. Aim and objectives; To assess the effect of high frequency rTMS on improving spasticity in a sample of Egyptian MS patients. Patients and methods; 40 patients were recruited from the MS unit at Al-Azhar University hospitals with established diagnosis of MS and spasticity. Recruitment started from beginning of Jan, 2022 for 6 months. Patients were …

Nerve Conduction Study And Ultrasonography Of Median Nerve In Predicting Outcome After Surgical Release In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Mahmoud Mohamad Hasan, Ali Farrag El Hadad, Maysra Abdelhalim Ali, Tarek Mohammed Mansour, Mohammed Fouad Mehanny

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is peripheral entrapment neuropathy in which compression of the median nerve at the wrist occurs. Objective: To evaluate and study, ultrasound and nerve-conduction of median nerve in predicting outcome after open surgical release in carpel tunnel syndrome. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study, include 30 patients from out-patient Neurology and orthopedic clinics of Al Azhar Assuit University Hospitals. The duration of the study ranged from 6-12 months. Results: Ultrasound findings were significantly decreased postoperatively. As regard ROC curve of ultrasound findings in predicting outcome after open surgical release in carpel tunnel syndrome, regarding Cross-sectional …

Repeated Failure Of Arterio-Venous Haemodialysis Access: (Causes And Possible Solutions), Alaa Aldin Moustafa Sharaby, Ahmed Abd-Alal Alsayed Sultan, Ahmed Said Daha, Islam Mohammed Abd El Moaty Elfahlawy

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: In 1960, Quinton and Scribner developed an external shunt that allowed for repeated access to the circulation, making chronic hemodialysis a viable option for treating end-stage renal disease. Patients may now be kept on dialysis for decades because to the improvement of vascular access methods and equipment. Aim of study: To evaluate the most possible causes behind repeated arteriovenous (AV) access failure in ESRD patients. Patients and methods: This retrospective, non-randomized study was carried out at the vascular surgery department of Al-Azhar University hospitals(Al-Hussein and Sayed Glaal Hospitals). Results: Access thrombosis comes first as a cause of access failure …

Comparison Between Oxytocin Intravenous Bolus, Oxytocin Intravenous Bolus And Infusion, Rectal Misoprostol And Carbetocin Infusion For The Control Of Blood Loss At Elective Cesarean Section, Fahd Abdelaal Elomda, Ahmed Mohamed Said, Wesam Hamdy Sahloul

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Uterine atony is the greatest typical etiology of primary PPH. Developed nations' atonic PPH rates are rising despite regular active control of the third stage of work. Primary PPH continues to be the greatest cause of maternal mortality in less developed nations. Aim and objectives: to assess the effectiveness of rectal misoprostol, oxytocin infusion, and oxytocin intravenous bolus and infusion in reducing blood loss during and after elective caesarean delivery. Subjects and methods: This prospective research included 200 pregnant patients who were hospitalized to the labor ward at the Al-Hussein University Hospital's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Result: There …

Role Of Different Imaging Modalities And Fnac Correlation In Diagnosing Thyroid Gland Pathologies, Mohamed Talaat Mohamed Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdel Fattah Abu Rashid, Mohammed Osama Wahbi, Doaa Mokhtar Emara

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Thyroid nodule, goiter, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer are all common conditions that may have a negative impact on normal thyroid function. Objective: Determine how FNAC correlation and various imaging modalities contribute to the diagnosis of thyroid gland diseases. Patients and Methods: Al-Hussein University Hospital's outpatient departments (OPD) for thyroid problems saw 100 participants for the research. All patients were screened with ultrasound, and based on the results of that exam, some were sent for further radiological testing. Results: Out of the 100 patients included in the study, US was able to classify the thyroid diseases as focal (69 cases) …

“Middle Ear Function Of Recovered Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (Sars-Cov2) Patients”., Mariam Magdy Medhat, Hedayat El Sayed El Fouly, Abdulrahman Nabil Fathi Abdulghffar

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Several otolaryngology symptoms are reported with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Ascending infection from the nasopharynx can affect the conductive part of the hearing pathway. which lead to middle ear effusion. Otitis media may be the first presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Objective: To evaluate middle ear function in recovered SARS-COV-2 patients. Also, to compare between the complaint of the patient and the test results. Patient and methods : a case-control study in which the cases and controls groups were age and gender matched, with ages ranging from 18 to 50 years. The middle ear function of …

Evaluation Of Dermoscopic Features In Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Mohamed El Khalawani, Amr Mohamed Mustafa, Ahmed El-Sayed Ghoniem

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is infectious protozoan disease. Dermoscopy is noninvasive diagnostic tool used to diagnose variety of skin disorders, such as infestations. Aim of work: To determine dermoscopic features of cutaneous leishmaniasis & to relate it with clinical findings. Patient and Methods: This study was conducted on 40 males with age range 21-28 years. This study was between March 2021 to October 2021. Clinical and dermoscopic examination of CL lesions was done to assess specific dermoscopic criteria. Results: We noticed next dermoscopic features: background erythema (one hundred percent), yellow tears (75%), yellowish hue (42.5%), hemorrhagic spots (30%), central crustation (65%), …

Microneedling With Triamcinolone Acetonide Versus Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide In Treatment Of Alopecia Areata, Bothina Abd El Naby Ibrahim Ageeba, Amr Mohamed Zaki, Emad Mahmoud El Rewiny

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a widespread, non-scarring skin illness, triggered by T-cell-mediated autoimmune responses targeting hair follicles at anagen-stage. AA is a relatively frequent disease with a worldwide incidence of 1%-2%. However, AA is among the most prevalent autoimmune disorders. In general, there is no sex preference. It often affects children and young people more frequently. The scalp is the place that is most frequently impacted, but any area that bears hair might also be affected. Severe forms can be present as alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide versus …

Prognostic Significance Of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio In Patients With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Who Underwent Intravesical Bcg Treatment, Sabri Mahmoud Khaled, Yasser Ali Ahmed, Mohamed Farrag Mahrous

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; The ninth most prevalent cancer worldwide and the thirteenth major reason of cancer-related fatalities is urinary bladder cancer (BC), Aim and objectives; to evaluate the impact of pretreatment NLR as a clinical outcome predictor in patients with intravesical BCG-treated NMIBC, Subjects and methods; In the El-Hussein hospital and Kobry-Alkobba military hospital, 126 patients with NMIBC participated in this retrospective cohort research, Result; No substantial variation were found between cancer free patients and patients with recurrence at 1st follow up cystoscopy regarding tumor size (p>0.05). Tumor multiplicity showed substantial variation between the two groups as it was substantially greater …

Comparison Between Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography And Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Mri In Evaluation Of Breast Cancer, Mahmoud M. Ismail, Hatem M. Sherif, Abd El-Aziz K. Aun, Ahmed M. Zidan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The main purpose of our study is to compare between contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) with histopathological results and to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for both imaging modalities. Objective: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in comparison between contrast enhanced digital mammography and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of breast cancer. Patients & methods: Forty four patients who were suspected of having breast abnormalities by clinical examination, twenty two patients underwent CEDM and the other twenty two patients underwent CEMRI using histopathologic results, the sensitivity and specificity …

Gestational Sac Size, Yolk Sac Size And Embryonic Cardiac Activity As Prognostic Factors Of First Trimester Pregnancy Outcome, Hanaa Abd El-Moniem Younis, Reda Tawfik Mohamed, Aliaa Hussein Abd El-Aziz

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The accurate difference between normal pregnancy and abnormal pregnancy in early gestation remains a challenge clinically. Different studies have previously described the association between fetal well-being and gestational sac characteristics. Yolk sac first appears at 5 weeks gestation and becomes visible by ultrasound, while fetal heart rate appears at 6 weeks gestation and they can be used as prognostic parameters for first trimester outcome in pregnancy. Study aim: relation of the ultrasound parameters in early pregnancy (gestational sac size, yolk sac and embryonic cardiac activity) to early fetal demise. Methodology: This was hospital based cross sectional study, conducted in …