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Postulated Role Of Vasoactive Neuropeptide-Related Immunopathology Of The Blood Brain Barrier And Virchow-Robin Spaces In The Aetiology Of Neurological-Related Conditions, Donald R. Staines, Ekua W. Brenu, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
Postulated Role Of Vasoactive Neuropeptide-Related Immunopathology Of The Blood Brain Barrier And Virchow-Robin Spaces In The Aetiology Of Neurological-Related Conditions, Donald R. Staines, Ekua W. Brenu, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
Vasoactive neuropeptides (VNs) such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have critical roles as neurotransmitters, vasodilators including perfusion and hypoxia regulators, as well as immune and nociception modulators. They have key roles in blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) including maintaining functional integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood spinal barrier (BSB). VNs are potent activators of adenylate cyclase and thus also have a key role in cyclic AMP production affecting regulatory T cell and other immune functions. Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are perivascular compartments surrounding small vessels within the CNS and …