Neurology Commons^™

Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Among Autistic Individuals, With And Without Co-Occurring Intellectual Disability, Calliope Holingue, Danika Pfeiffer, Natasha N. Ludwig, Rachel Reetzke, Ji Su Hong, Luther G. Kalb, Rebecca Landa

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

Gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) are very common among individuals on the autism spectrum. Prior research reports mixed findings regarding whether individuals with autism and co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) have elevated risk of gastrointestinal symptoms relative to individuals with autism alone. GI symptoms can be challenging to assess in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or ID given challenges with language, communication, and interoception. Prior research has tended to only include individuals with documented presence or absence of GI symptoms or conditions, that is, to exclude observations in which there is uncertainty regarding presence of GI symptoms. Therefore, none of the prior …

Analysis Of Race And Sex Bias In The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Ados-2), Luther G. Kalb, Vini Singh, Ji Su Hong, Calliope Holingue, Natasha N. Ludwig, Danika Pfeiffer, Rachel Reetzke, Alden L. Gross, Rebecca Landa

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

Importance: There are long-standing disparities in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across race and sex. Surprisingly, few studies have examined whether these disparities arise partially out of systematic biases in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), the reference standard measure of ASD.

Objective: To examine differential item functioning (DIF) of ADOS-2 items across sex and race.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a cross-sectional study of children who were evaluated for ASD between 2014 and 2020 at a specialty outpatient clinic located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the US. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to …