Family Medicine Commons^™

Prevalence Of And Factors Associated With Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Women Using Hormonal And Non-Hormonal Contraception At The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Momin Butt, Valentino Lema, Abraham Mukaindo, Gulnaz Mohamoud, Jacob Shabani

Family Medicine, East Africa

Background: Female sexual function (FSD) is a complex phenomenon. It integrates all body systems and is influenced by a variety of factors. Contraceptives have shown to have variable effects on FSD. In Kenya, the majority of women use hormonal contraception with high rates of discontinuation of use, attributed to related side effects such as weight loss and loss of libido.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of and the factors affecting FSD among women using contraception in our setting.

Setting: The study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, at various clinical sites.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was …

Regional Variation In Chronic Kidney Disease And Associated Factors In Hypertensive Individuals In Rural South Asia: Findings From Control Of Blood Pressure And Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Hithanadura Asita De Silva, Imtiaz Jehan, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Gulshan Himani, Mohammad Abul Hasnat, Tazeen Jafar, Cobra-Bps Study Group

Community Health Sciences

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its cross-country variation among hypertensive individuals in rural Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. We also explored the factors associated with CKD in these populations.
Method: We studied baseline data from the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (COBRA-BPS) trial, an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial on 2643 hypertensive adults ≥40 years of age from 30 randomly selected rural clusters, 10 in each of the three countries. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) /min/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin:creatinine …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Among Hypertensive Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study In Rural South Asia—Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Imtiaz Jehan, H Asita De Silva, Aliya Naheed, Hamida Farazdaq, Samina Hirani Samina Hirani, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Channa D. Ranasinha, Md Tauhidul Islam, Ali Tanweer Siddiquee, Tazeen Jafar

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To determinate the prevalence and correlates of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and their cross-country variation among individuals with hypertension residing in rural communities in South Asia.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: Rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Participants: A total of 2288 individuals with hypertension aged ≥40 years from the ongoing Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation- Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka clinical trial.
Main outcome measures: CMM was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the conditions: diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. Logistic regression was done to evaluate the correlates of CMM.
Results: …

Factors Associated With Geriatric Morbidity And Impairment In A Megacity Of Pakistan, Saniya Sabzwari, Romaina Iqbal, Zafar Fatmi, Iqbal Azam Syed

Department of Family Medicine

Background: The elderly population is increasing globally. In Pakistan, the elderly comprise 6% of the population that is predicted to triple by 2050. Non-communicable diseases are common health problems of the elderly in Pakistan, however, resulting geriatric impairments and disability are unknown. This study was conducted to determine geriatric impairments and identify associated socio-demographic factors and comorbidities among community dwelling elderly in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2013-2014. Community clusters were selected from all sub-districts of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan. Data was collected from systematically selected households within these clusters from individuals, aged ≥60 …

Medical Students: A Reflective Journey Over Time, Saniya Sabzwari, Kulsoom Ghias, Anjiya Sulaiman

Department of Family Medicine

Experiences in medical education have changed significantly in the last two decades. This evolution is apparent in the teaching/ learning environment, types of education resources and learners. In this article two students provide a reflective account of their individual journeys in medical education spanning across 20 years. While some things remain unchanged, significant differences emerge that stress upon the educators and institutions to stay mindful of these transitions in order to develop learning environments that nurture the growth of future physicians.Experiences in medical education have changed significantly in the last two decades. This evolution is apparent in the teaching/ learning …

Regional Variation In Comorbid Prediabetes And Diabetes And Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Individuals In Rural Bangladesh, Pakistan, And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Aliya Naheed, H. Asita De Silva, Imtiaz Jehan, Rubhana Raqib, Md Tauhidul Islam, Nathasha Luke, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Hamida Farazdaq, Sahar Senan, Tazeen Jafar, Cobra-Bps Study Group

Community Health Sciences

We aimed to explore the cross-country variation in the prevalence of comorbid prediabetes or diabetes and determine the sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, especially body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, associated with comorbid diabetes in individuals with hypertension in rural South Asia. We analyzed cross-sectional data of 2426 hypertensive individuals of ≥40 years from 30 randomly selected rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 100 and 125 mg/dL without use of antidiabetic treatment and diabetes as FPG ≥126 mg/dL or use of antidiabetic medication. The prevalence (95% CI) of …

Lifestyle, Cardiovascular Risk Knowledge And Patient Counselling Among Selected Sub-Saharan African Family Physicians And Trainees. African Journal Of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, Pius O. Ameh, Kenneth Yakubu, Miriam Miima, Olugbemi Popoola, Gulnaz Mohamoud, Klaus B. Von Pressentin

Family Medicine, East Africa

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are on the rise, and primary care physicians could facilitate the reversal of this trend through treatment and prevention strategies.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physician lifestyle practices, CVD prevention knowledge and patient CVD counselling practices among family physicians (FPs) and family medicine (FM) trainees affiliated to FM colleges and organisations in SSA.

Setting: FPs and FM trainees affiliated to FM colleges and organisations in Anglophone SSA.

Methods: A web-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using validated, self-administered questionnaires. Following …

Medical Doctors' Offline Computer-Assisted Digital Education: Systematic Review By The Digital Health Education Collaboration, Hayfaa Abdelmageed Wahabi, Samia Ahmed Esmaeil, Khawater Hassan Bahkali, Maher Abdelraheim Titi, Yasser Sami Amer, Amel Ahmed Fayed, Amr Jamal, Nasriah Zakaria, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Monika Semwal

Community Health Sciences

Background: The widening gap between innovations in the medical field and the dissemination of such information to doctors may affect the quality of care. Offline computer-based digital education (OCDE) may be a potential solution to overcoming the geographical, financial, and temporal obstacles faced by doctors.
Objective: The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the effectiveness of OCDE compared with face-to-face learning, no intervention, or other types of digital learning for improving medical doctors' knowledge, cognitive skills, and patient-related outcomes. Secondary objectives were to assess the cost-effectiveness (CE) of OCDE and any adverse effects.
Methods: We searched major bibliographic …

Enhancing Cognitive Engagement Of Pre-Clinical Undergraduate Medical Students Via Video Cases And Interactive Quizzes In Problem-Based Learning, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Kulsoom Ghias, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is one of the main pedagogical approaches utilized in the undergraduate medical education (UGME) program at a private medical college in Karachi, Pakistan. Video-enhanced cases and formative assessments were introduced at the end of PBL sessions to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing student engagement.
Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted with Year 2 medical students (n=102; divided into 11 groups) and faculty (n=11) facilitating the PBL process. Of the 10 PBL cases, five were converted to video-enhanced cases and five were kept as paper-based, “traditional” cases. “Micro” videos were used to introduce clinical scenarios, augmented …