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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Medical Neurobiology
In Vivo Trafficking Of Endogenous Opioid Receptors, Yulin Wang, Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
In Vivo Trafficking Of Endogenous Opioid Receptors, Yulin Wang, Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele, Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers
Studies on trafficking of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo are subject of the present review. In many of the in vivo studies, the use of semi-quantitative immuno-electron microscopy is the approach of choice. Endogenous opioid receptors display differential subcellular distributions with μ opioid receptor (MOPR) being mostly present on the plasma membrane and δ- and κ-opioid receptors (DOPR and KOPR, respectively) having a significant intracellular pool. Etorphine and DAMGO cause endocytosis of the MOPR, but morphine does not, except in some dendrites. Interestingly, chronic inflammatory pain and morphine treatment promote trafficking of intracellular DOPR to the cell surface which may …
Neuroendocrine Peptides Neuropeptide-Y (Npy) And Peptide-Yy (Pyy) Suppress Cl- Secretion And K+ Secretion In Guinea Pig Distal Colon Through Action At Y2-Receptors, Susan T. Halm, Jin Zhang, Dan R. Halm
Neuroendocrine Peptides Neuropeptide-Y (Npy) And Peptide-Yy (Pyy) Suppress Cl- Secretion And K+ Secretion In Guinea Pig Distal Colon Through Action At Y2-Receptors, Susan T. Halm, Jin Zhang, Dan R. Halm
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Electrogenic Cl– and K+ secretion in isolated mucosa from guinea pig distal colon measured as short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial conductance (Gt) were stimulated by epinephrine (epi), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and carbachol (CCh). neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and peptide-YY (PYY) inhibited by 60% Cl– secretion activated by either PGE2 or PGE2+CCh with EC50’s of 16nM and 6nM, respectively. Neither peptide markedly inhibited the transient component of the PGE2+CCh response. Immunoreactivity (IR) for NPY was present in enteric ganglia and in proximity with crypts. Basolateral membranes of …
Viral Vectors In The Research Laboratory: Just How Safe Are They?, Dawn P. Wooley, Kimberly Kay Morris, Robert Mcrae, John C. Trefry
Viral Vectors In The Research Laboratory: Just How Safe Are They?, Dawn P. Wooley, Kimberly Kay Morris, Robert Mcrae, John C. Trefry
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Immune Evasion By Rabies Viruses Through The Maintenance Of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity., Anirban Roy, Douglas C. Hooper
Immune Evasion By Rabies Viruses Through The Maintenance Of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity., Anirban Roy, Douglas C. Hooper
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
The attenuated rabies virus (RV) strain Challenge Virus Standard (CVS)-F3 and a highly pathogenic strain associated with the silver-haired bats (SHBRV) can both be cleared from the central nervous system (CNS) tissues by appropriate antiviral immune mechanisms if the effectors are provided access across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the case of SHBRV infection, antiviral immunity develops normally in the periphery but fails to open the BBB, generally resulting in a lethal outcome. To determine whether or not an absence in the CNS targeted immune response is associated with the infection with other pathogenic RV strains, we have assessed the …
Investigating The Complexity Of Respiratory Patterns During The Laryngeal Chemoreflex, Andrei Dragomir, Yasemin Akay, Aidan K. Curran, Metin Akay
Investigating The Complexity Of Respiratory Patterns During The Laryngeal Chemoreflex, Andrei Dragomir, Yasemin Akay, Aidan K. Curran, Metin Akay
Dartmouth Scholarship
The laryngeal chemoreflex exists in infants as a primary sensory mechanism for defending the airway from the aspiration of liquids. Previous studies have hypothesized that prolonged apnea associated with this reflex may be life threatening and might be a cause of sudden infant death syndrome. In this study we quantified the output of the respiratory neural network, the diaphragm EMG signal, during the laryngeal chemoreflex and eupnea in early postnatal (3–10 days) piglets. We tested the hypothesis that diaphragm EMG activity corresponding to reflex-related events involved in clearance (restorative) mechanisms such as cough and swallow exhibit lower complexity, suggesting that …
Abeta42 Mutants With Different Aggregation Profiles Induce Distinct Pathologies In Drosophila., Koichi Iijima, Hsueh-Cheng Chiang, Stephen A Hearn, Inessa Hakker, Anthony Gatt, Christopher Shenton, Linda Granger, Amy Leung, Kanae Iijima-Ando, Yi Zhong
Abeta42 Mutants With Different Aggregation Profiles Induce Distinct Pathologies In Drosophila., Koichi Iijima, Hsueh-Cheng Chiang, Stephen A Hearn, Inessa Hakker, Anthony Gatt, Christopher Shenton, Linda Granger, Amy Leung, Kanae Iijima-Ando, Yi Zhong
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers
Aggregation of the amyloid-beta-42 (Abeta42) peptide in the brain parenchyma is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the prevention of Abeta aggregation has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention in AD. However, recent reports indicate that Abeta can form several different prefibrillar and fibrillar aggregates and that each aggregate may confer different pathogenic effects, suggesting that manipulation of Abeta42 aggregation may not only quantitatively but also qualitatively modify brain pathology. Here, we compare the pathogenicity of human Abeta42 mutants with differing tendencies to aggregate. We examined the aggregation-prone, EOFAD-related Arctic mutation (Abeta42Arc) and an artificial mutation (Abeta42art) that …
Trk: A Neuromodulator Of Age-Specific Behavioral And Neurochemical Responses To Cocaine In Mice., Michelle Niculescu, Shane A Perrine, Jonathan S Miller, Michelle E Ehrlich, Ellen M Unterwald
Trk: A Neuromodulator Of Age-Specific Behavioral And Neurochemical Responses To Cocaine In Mice., Michelle Niculescu, Shane A Perrine, Jonathan S Miller, Michelle E Ehrlich, Ellen M Unterwald
Farber Institute for Neuroscience Faculty Papers
Responses to psychostimulants vary with age, but the molecular etiologies of these differences are largely unknown. The goal of the present research was to identify age-specific behavioral and molecular adaptations to cocaine and to elucidate the mechanisms involved therein. Postweanling, periadolescent, and adult male CD-1 mice were exposed to cocaine (20 mg/kg) for 7 d. The rewarding effects of cocaine were assessed, as were the response to a Trk antagonist and the regulation of dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa (DARPP-32). Cocaine was rewarding in both periadolescent and adult mice using a conditioned place preference procedure. In contrast, postweanling mice …
A Novel And Generalizable Organotypic Slice Platform To Evaluate Stem Cell Potential For Targeting Pediatric Brain Tumors., Shengwen Calvin Li, William Gunter Loudon
A Novel And Generalizable Organotypic Slice Platform To Evaluate Stem Cell Potential For Targeting Pediatric Brain Tumors., Shengwen Calvin Li, William Gunter Loudon
Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
Brain tumors are now the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children under age 15. Malignant gliomas are, for all practical purposes, incurable and new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. One emerging strategy is to use the tumor tracking capacity inherent in many stem cell populations to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain cancer cells. Current limitations of the stem cell therapy strategy include that stem cells are treated as a single entity and lack of uniform technology is adopted for selection of clinically relevant sub-populations of stem cells. Specifically, therapeutic success relies on the selection of a clinically competent …
Spinal Cord Stimulation: An Update., Steven Falowski, Amanda Celii, Ashwini Sharan
Spinal Cord Stimulation: An Update., Steven Falowski, Amanda Celii, Ashwini Sharan
Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers
Spinal cord stimulation has been used in the treatment of many chronic pain disorders since 1967. In this update, the indications for spinal cord stimulation are reviewed with attention to recent publications. A focused review of the literature on abdominal and visceral pain syndromes is also provided. Furthermore, the technology has evolved from the use of monopolar electrodes to complex electrode arrays. Similarly, the power source has changed from a radio frequency-driven system to a rechargeable impulse generator. These topics are covered, along with a short discussion of implant technique. Finally, we include a review of complications of such therapy. …