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Articles 1 - 3 of 3
Full-Text Articles in Medical Neurobiology
Isoflurane Inhibits Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis Through Reduced Ca2+ Influx, Not Ca2+-Exocytosis Coupling, Joel Baumgart, Zhen-Yu Zhou, Masato Hara, Daniel Cook, Michael Hoppa
Isoflurane Inhibits Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis Through Reduced Ca2+ Influx, Not Ca2+-Exocytosis Coupling, Joel Baumgart, Zhen-Yu Zhou, Masato Hara, Daniel Cook, Michael Hoppa
Dartmouth Scholarship
Identifying presynaptic mechanisms of general anesthetics is critical to understanding their effects on synaptic transmission. We show that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibits synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis at nerve terminals in dissociated rat hippocampal neurons through inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ influx without significantly altering the Ca2+ sensitivity of SV exocytosis. A clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane (0.7 mM) inhibited changes in [Ca2+]i driven by single action potentials (APs) by 25 ± 3%, which in turn led to 62 ± 3% inhibition of single AP-triggered exocytosis at 4 mM extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e). Lowering external Ca2+ to match the isoflurane-induced reduction in …
Exposure To Kynurenic Acid During Adolescence Increases Sign-Tracking And Impairs Long-Term Potentiation In Adulthood, Nicole E. Deangeli, Travis P. Todd, Stephen E. Chang, Hermes H. Yeh, Pamela W. Yeh, David J. Bucci
Exposure To Kynurenic Acid During Adolescence Increases Sign-Tracking And Impairs Long-Term Potentiation In Adulthood, Nicole E. Deangeli, Travis P. Todd, Stephen E. Chang, Hermes H. Yeh, Pamela W. Yeh, David J. Bucci
Dartmouth Scholarship
Changes in brain reward systems are thought to contribute significantly to the cognitive and behavioral impairments of schizophrenia, as well as the propensity to develop co-occurring substance abuse disorders. Presently, there are few treatments for persons with a dual diagnosis and little is known about the neural substrates that underlie co-occurring schizophrenia and substance abuse. One goal of the present study was to determine if a change in the concentration of kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite that is increased in the brains of people with schizophrenia, affects reward-related behavior. KYNA is an endogenous antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors and …
Fatty Acids Increase Neuronal Hypertrophy Of Pten Knockdown Neurons, Catherine J. Fricano, Tyrone Despenza, Paul W. Frazel, Meijie Li, A. James O'Malley, Gary Westbrook, Bryan Luikart
Fatty Acids Increase Neuronal Hypertrophy Of Pten Knockdown Neurons, Catherine J. Fricano, Tyrone Despenza, Paul W. Frazel, Meijie Li, A. James O'Malley, Gary Westbrook, Bryan Luikart
Dartmouth Scholarship
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) catalyzes the reverse reaction of PI3K by dephosphorylating PIP3 to PIP2. This negatively regulates downstream Akt/mTOR/S6 signaling resulting in decreased cellular growth and proliferation. Co-injection of a lentivirus knocking Pten down with a control lentivirus allows us to compare the effects of Pten knockdown between individual neurons within the same animal. We find that knockdown of Pten results in neuronal hypertrophy by 21 days post-injection. This neuronal hypertrophy is correlated with increased p-S6 and p-mTOR in individual neurons. We used this system to test whether an environmental factor that has been implicated in cellular hypertrophy …