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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Medical Anatomy
Sex-Specific Negative Affect-Like Behaviour And Parabrachial Nucleus Activation Induced By Bnst Stimulation In Adult Mice With Adolescent Alcohol History, Lucas Albrechet-Souza, Chelsea R. Kasten, Natalia B. Bertagna, Tiffany A. Wills
Sex-Specific Negative Affect-Like Behaviour And Parabrachial Nucleus Activation Induced By Bnst Stimulation In Adult Mice With Adolescent Alcohol History, Lucas Albrechet-Souza, Chelsea R. Kasten, Natalia B. Bertagna, Tiffany A. Wills
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Adolescent alcohol use is a strong predictor for the subsequent development of alcohol use disorders later in life. Additionally, adolescence is a critical period for the onset of affective disorders, which can contribute to problematic drinking behaviours and relapse, particularly in females. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that exposure to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) vapour alters glutamatergic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and, when combined with adult stress, elicits sex-specific changes in glutamatergic plasticity and negative affect-like behaviours in mice. Building on these findings, the current work investigated whether BNST stimulation could substitute …
Validating Osteological Correlates For The Hepatic Piston In The American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis), Clinton A. Grand Pre, William Thielicke, Raul E. Diaz, Brandon P. Hedrick, Ruth M. Elsey, Emma R. Schachner
Validating Osteological Correlates For The Hepatic Piston In The American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis), Clinton A. Grand Pre, William Thielicke, Raul E. Diaz, Brandon P. Hedrick, Ruth M. Elsey, Emma R. Schachner
School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications
Unlike the majority of sauropsids, which breathe primarily through costal and abdominal muscle contractions, extant crocodilians have evolved the hepatic piston pump, a unique additional ventilatory mechanism powered by the diaphragmaticus muscle. This muscle originates from the bony pelvis, wrapping around the abdominal viscera, extending cranially to the liver. The liver then attaches to the caudal margin of the lungs, resulting in a sub-fusiform morphology for the entire ‘‘pulmo-hepatic-diaphragmatic’’ structure. When the diaphragmaticus muscle contracts during inspiration, the liver is pulled caudally, lowering pressure in the thoracolumbar cavity, and inflating the lungs. It has been established that the hepatic piston …
Decoupling Body Shape And Mass Distribution In Birds And Their Dinosaurian Ancestors, Sophie Macaulay, Tatjana Hoehfurtner, Samuel R.R. Cross, Ryan D. Marek, John R. Hutchinson, Emma R. Schachner, Alice E. Maher, Karl T. Bates
Decoupling Body Shape And Mass Distribution In Birds And Their Dinosaurian Ancestors, Sophie Macaulay, Tatjana Hoehfurtner, Samuel R.R. Cross, Ryan D. Marek, John R. Hutchinson, Emma R. Schachner, Alice E. Maher, Karl T. Bates
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
It is accepted that non-avian theropod dinosaurs, with their long muscular tails and small forelimbs, had a centre-of-mass close to the hip, while extant birds, with their reduced tails and enlarged wings have their mass centred more cranially. Transition between these states is considered crucial to two key innovations in the avian locomotor system: crouched bipedalism and powered flight. Here we use image-based models to challenge this dichotomy. Rather than a phylogenetic distinction between ‘dinosaurian’ and ‘avian’ conditions, we find terrestrial versus volant taxa occupy distinct regions of centre-of-mass morphospace consistent with the disparate demands of terrestrial bipedalism and flight. …
A New Era Of Morphological Investigations: Reviewing Methods For Comparative Anatomical Studies, K. L. Ford, J. S. Albert, A. P. Summers, B. P. Hedrick, E. R. Schachner, A. S. Jones, K. Evans, P. Chakrabarty
A New Era Of Morphological Investigations: Reviewing Methods For Comparative Anatomical Studies, K. L. Ford, J. S. Albert, A. P. Summers, B. P. Hedrick, E. R. Schachner, A. S. Jones, K. Evans, P. Chakrabarty
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
The increased use of imaging technology in biological research has drastically altered morphological studies in recent decades and allowed for the preservation of important collection specimens alongside detailed visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures. Despite the benefits associated with these newer imaging techniques, there remains a need for more "tra- ditional"methods of morphological examination in many comparative studies. In this paper, we describe the costs and benefits of the various methods of visualizing, examining, and comparing morphological structures. There are significant differences not only in the costs associated with these different methods (monetary, time, equipment, and software), but also in …
Educator Perspectives On Non-Technical, Discipline-Independent Skill Acquisition: An International, Qualitative Study, Jessica N. Byram, Sonya E. Van Nuland, Kelly M. Harrell, Jason C. Mussell, Jon Cornwall
Educator Perspectives On Non-Technical, Discipline-Independent Skill Acquisition: An International, Qualitative Study, Jessica N. Byram, Sonya E. Van Nuland, Kelly M. Harrell, Jason C. Mussell, Jon Cornwall
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Gross anatomy education utilizing body donors and human specimens assists the acquisition of non-traditional, discipline-independent skills (NTDIS) such as teamwork, communication, and leadership. Alterations to anatomy curricula, such as those resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, likely impact NTDIS acquisition, yet how this manifests is unclear. This study, therefore, explored anatomy educator perspectives on NTDIS acquisition as a response to changes in teaching delivery. Gross anatomy educators across different countries were recruited and took part in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using the framework method. Basic statistical analyses were performed on demographic and categorical …
Alteration Of Biomolecular Conformation By Aluminum-Implications For Protein Misfolding Disease, Yuhai Zhao, Aileen I. Pogue, Peter N. Alexandrov, Leslie G. Butler, Wenhong Li, Vivian R. Jaber, Walter J. Lukiw
Alteration Of Biomolecular Conformation By Aluminum-Implications For Protein Misfolding Disease, Yuhai Zhao, Aileen I. Pogue, Peter N. Alexandrov, Leslie G. Butler, Wenhong Li, Vivian R. Jaber, Walter J. Lukiw
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
The natural element aluminum possesses a number of unique biochemical and biophysical properties that make this highly neurotoxic species deleterious towards the structural integrity, conformation, reactivity and stability of several important biomolecules. These include aluminum’s (i) small ionic size and highly electrophilic nature, having the highest charge density of any metallic cation with a Z2/r of 18 (ionic charge +3, radius 0.5 nm); (ii) inclination to form extremely stable electrostatic bonds with a tendency towards covalency; (iii) ability to interact irreversibly and/or significantly slow down the exchange-rates of complex aluminum–biomolecular interactions; (iv) extremely dense electropositive charge with one of the …
Body Size, Shape And Ecology In Tetrapods, Alice E. Maher, Gustavo Burin, Philip G. Cox, Thomas W. Maddox, Susannah C.R. Maidment, Natalie Cooper, Emma R. Schachner, Karl T. Bates
Body Size, Shape And Ecology In Tetrapods, Alice E. Maher, Gustavo Burin, Philip G. Cox, Thomas W. Maddox, Susannah C.R. Maidment, Natalie Cooper, Emma R. Schachner, Karl T. Bates
School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications
Body size and shape play fundamental roles in organismal function and it is expected that animals may possess body proportions that are well-suited to their ecological niche. Tetrapods exhibit a diverse array of body shapes, but to date this diversity in body proportions and its relationship to ecology have not been systematically quantified. Using whole-body skeletal models of 410 extinct and extant tetrapods, we show that allometric relationships vary across individual body segments thereby yielding changes in overall body shape as size increases. However, we also find statistical support for quadratic relationships indicative of differential scaling in small-medium versus large …
Treatment-Free Survival After Discontinuation Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Alice Tzeng, Tony H. Tzeng, Moshe C. Ornstein
Treatment-Free Survival After Discontinuation Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Alice Tzeng, Tony H. Tzeng, Moshe C. Ornstein
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can lead to sustained responses in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the optimal duration of therapy remains unknown. We aimed to examine treatment-free survival (TFS) in objective responders who discontinued ICI and to explore factors that may impact objective response rate (ORR) and TFS. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for prospective studies reporting individual outcomes after ICI discontinuation in patients with mRCC. Pooled ORR and TFS were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses, and associations between ICI regimen type or treatment line and ORR or TFS were evaluated. Sixteen cohorts comprising 1833 patients treated …
Mask, The Drosophila Ankyrin Repeat And Kh Domain-Containing Protein, Affects Microtubule Stability, Daniel Martinez, Mingwei Zhu, Jessie J. Guidry, Niles Majeste, Hui Mao, Sarah T. Yanofsky, Xiaolin Tian, Chunlai Wu
Mask, The Drosophila Ankyrin Repeat And Kh Domain-Containing Protein, Affects Microtubule Stability, Daniel Martinez, Mingwei Zhu, Jessie J. Guidry, Niles Majeste, Hui Mao, Sarah T. Yanofsky, Xiaolin Tian, Chunlai Wu
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Proper regulation of microtubule (MT) stability and dynamics is vital for essential cellular processes, including axonal transportation and synaptic growth and remodeling in neurons. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Drosophila ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein Mask negatively affects MT stability in both larval muscles and motor neurons. In larval muscles, loss-of-function of mask increases MT polymer length, and in motor neurons, loss of mask function results in overexpansion of the presynaptic terminal at the larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). mask genetically interacts with stathmin (stai), a neuronal modulator of MT stability, in the regulation of axon transportation …
Inactivation Mode Of Sodium Channels Defines The Different Maximal Firing Rates Of Conventional Versus Atypical Midbrain Dopamine Neurons, Christopher J. Knowlton, Tabea Ines Ziouziou, Niklas Hammer, Jochen Roeper, Carmen C. Canavier
Inactivation Mode Of Sodium Channels Defines The Different Maximal Firing Rates Of Conventional Versus Atypical Midbrain Dopamine Neurons, Christopher J. Knowlton, Tabea Ines Ziouziou, Niklas Hammer, Jochen Roeper, Carmen C. Canavier
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Two subpopulations of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are known to have different dynamic firing ranges in vitro that correspond to distinct projection targets: the originally identified conventional DA neurons project to the dorsal striatum and the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens, whereas an atypical DA population with higher maximum firing frequencies projects to prefrontal regions and other limbic regions including the medial shell of nucleus accumbens. Using a computational model, we show that previously identified differences in biophysical properties do not fully account for the larger dynamic range of the atypical population and predict that the major difference is …
A New Heterodontosaurus Specimen Elucidates The Unique Ventilatory Macroevolution Of Ornithischian Dinosaurs, Viktor J. Radermacher, Vincent Fernandez, Emma R. Schachner, Richard J. Butler, Emese M. Bordy, Michael Naylor Hudgins, William J. De Klerk, Kimberley E.J. Chapelle, Jonah N. Choiniere
A New Heterodontosaurus Specimen Elucidates The Unique Ventilatory Macroevolution Of Ornithischian Dinosaurs, Viktor J. Radermacher, Vincent Fernandez, Emma R. Schachner, Richard J. Butler, Emese M. Bordy, Michael Naylor Hudgins, William J. De Klerk, Kimberley E.J. Chapelle, Jonah N. Choiniere
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Ornithischian dinosaurs were ecologically prominent herbivores of the Mesozoic Era that achieved a global distribution by the onset of the Cretaceous. The ornithischian body plan is aberrant relative to other ornithodiran clades, and crucial details of their early evolution remain obscure. We present a new, fully articulated skeleton of the early branching ornithischian Heterodontosaurus tucki. Phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron data of this new specimen reveal a suite of novel postcranial features unknown in any other ornithischian, with implications for the early evolution of the group. These features include a large, anteriorly projecting sternum; bizarre, paddle-shaped sternal ribs; and a full gastral …
Glun2d Nmda Receptors Gate Fear Extinction Learning And Interneuron Plasticity, Christophe J. Dubois, Siqiong June Liu
Glun2d Nmda Receptors Gate Fear Extinction Learning And Interneuron Plasticity, Christophe J. Dubois, Siqiong June Liu
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
The cerebellum is critically involved in the formation of associative fear memory and in subsequent extinction learning. Fear conditioning is associated with a long-term potentiation at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses onto Purkinje cells. We therefore tested whether fear conditioning unmasks novel forms of synaptic plasticity, which enable subsequent extinction learning to reset cerebellar circuitry. We found that fear learning enhanced GABA release from molecular layer interneurons and this was reversed after fear extinction learning. Importantly an extinction-like stimulation of parallel fibers after fear learning is sufficient to induce a lasting decrease in inhibitory transmission (I-LTDstim) in the cerebellar cortex, …
Inter-Organelle Interactions Between The Er And Mitotic Spindle Facilitates Zika Protease Cleavage Of Human Kinesin-5 And Results In Mitotic Defects, Liqiong Liu, Micquel Downs, Jessie Guidry, Edward J. Wojcik
Inter-Organelle Interactions Between The Er And Mitotic Spindle Facilitates Zika Protease Cleavage Of Human Kinesin-5 And Results In Mitotic Defects, Liqiong Liu, Micquel Downs, Jessie Guidry, Edward J. Wojcik
School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Bnst Specific Mglu5 Receptor Knockdown Regulates Sex-Dependent Expression Of Negative Affect Produced By Adolescent Ethanol Exposure And Adult Stress, Chelsea R. Kasten, Eleanor B. Holmgren, Mollie R. Lerner, Tiffany A. Wills
Bnst Specific Mglu5 Receptor Knockdown Regulates Sex-Dependent Expression Of Negative Affect Produced By Adolescent Ethanol Exposure And Adult Stress, Chelsea R. Kasten, Eleanor B. Holmgren, Mollie R. Lerner, Tiffany A. Wills
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Adolescent alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors for the development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Notably, this period of risk coincides with the development of affective disorders, which disproportionately impact and drive problematic drinking behavior in women. Stress is a particularly salient factor that drives relapse during periods of abstinence. Previous work in our lab has shown that adolescent intermittent ethanol vapor (AIE) produces sex-dependent changes in glutamatergic activity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and behavioral outcomes following acute restraint stress in adulthood. In females, AIE disrupts group 1 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1/5) receptor …
Mirna-15b And Mirna-125b Are Associated With Regional Aβ-Pet And Fdg-Pet Uptake In Cognitively Normal Individuals With Subjective Memory Complaints, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista, Yuhai Zhao, Pablo Lemercier, Stefan J. Teipel, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Dubois, Walter J. Lukiw, Harald Hampel, Hovagim Bakardjian, Habib Benali, Hugo Bertin, Joel Bonheur, Laurie Boukadida, Nadia Boukerrou, Enrica Cavedo, Olivier Colliot, Marion Dubois, Stéphane Epelbaum
Mirna-15b And Mirna-125b Are Associated With Regional Aβ-Pet And Fdg-Pet Uptake In Cognitively Normal Individuals With Subjective Memory Complaints, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista, Yuhai Zhao, Pablo Lemercier, Stefan J. Teipel, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Dubois, Bruno Dubois, Walter J. Lukiw, Harald Hampel, Hovagim Bakardjian, Habib Benali, Hugo Bertin, Joel Bonheur, Laurie Boukadida, Nadia Boukerrou, Enrica Cavedo, Olivier Colliot, Marion Dubois, Stéphane Epelbaum
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
There is substantial experimental evidence for dysregulation of several microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). MiRNAs modulate critical brain intracellular signaling pathways and are associated with AD core pathophysiological mechanisms. First, we conducted a real-time quantitative PCR-based pilot study to identify a set of brain-enriched miRNAs in a monocentric cohort of cognitively normal individuals with subjective memory complaints, a condition associated with increased risk of AD. Second, we investigated the impact of age, sex, and the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, on the identified miRNA plasma concentrations. In addition, we explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of …
Locating Specific Acupoints Large Intestine 4 (Li4) And Large Intestine 6 (Li6) In Cadavers Using Anthropometric And Cun Measurement Systems, Gregory P. Casey
Locating Specific Acupoints Large Intestine 4 (Li4) And Large Intestine 6 (Li6) In Cadavers Using Anthropometric And Cun Measurement Systems, Gregory P. Casey
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Background: Anthropometric and anatomical Chinese inch measurement (CUN) systems are useful in understanding the location of acupoints; however, locating acupoints is challenging. Objectives: The study aimed to locate LI4 and LI6, to measure differences and similarities in body dimensions based on sex using anthropometric and CUN systems, and to observe the relationship between f-cun and b-cun. Methods: 25 forearms and hands from 16 embalmed cadavers had body dimensions measured using anthropometric and CUN systems. LI4 and LI6 were located using a combination of both systems. Data were compiled and calculated to observe any variation in means and ranges. Statistical analysis …
Microrna-Based Biomarkers In Alzheimer’S Disease (Ad), Yuhai Zhao, Vivian Jaber, Peter N. Alexandrov, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista, Harald Hampel, Walter J. Lukiw
Microrna-Based Biomarkers In Alzheimer’S Disease (Ad), Yuhai Zhao, Vivian Jaber, Peter N. Alexandrov, Andrea Vergallo, Simone Lista, Harald Hampel, Walter J. Lukiw
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks. These alterations account for multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as brain protein accumulation, neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration that eventually lead to cognitive and behavioral decline. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) signaling have been implicated in the epigenetics and molecular genetics of all neurobiological processes associated with AD pathophysiology. These changes encompass altered miRNA abundance, speciation and complexity in anatomical regions of the CNS targeted by the disease, including modified miRNA expression …
Constitutive Genetic Deletion Of Hcn1 Increases Alcohol Preference During Adolescence, Michael C. Salling, Neil L. Harrison
Constitutive Genetic Deletion Of Hcn1 Increases Alcohol Preference During Adolescence, Michael C. Salling, Neil L. Harrison
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN), which underlies the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih), has diverse roles in regulating neuronal excitability across cell types and brain regions. Recently, HCN channels have been implicated in preclinical models of substance abuse including alcohol. In the prefrontal cortex of rodents, HCN expression and Ih magnitude are developmentally regulated during adolescence and may be vulnerable to alcohol’s effects. In mice, binge alcohol consumption during the adolescent period results in a sustained reduction in Ih that coincides with increased alcohol consumption in adulthood, yet the direct role HCN channels have on alcohol consumption are unknown. Here, …
Stem Crisis Teaching: Curriculum Design With E-Learning Tools, Sonya E. Van Nuland, Elissa Hall, Natalie R. Langley
Stem Crisis Teaching: Curriculum Design With E-Learning Tools, Sonya E. Van Nuland, Elissa Hall, Natalie R. Langley
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social distancing protocols have accelerated the shift to online teaching across the globe. In Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs this means a shift from face-to-face laboratory instruction to self-directed learning with e-learning tools. Unfortunately, selecting and integrating an e-learning tool into a curriculum can be daunting. This article highlights key questions and practical suggestions instructors should consider in choosing the most effective option for their course and learners.