Dentistry Commons^™

Dental Caries In Children With Sickle Cell Disease And Its Association With The Use Of Hydroxyurea And Penicillin Prophylaxis In Dar Es Salaam, Irene Kida Minja, Evarist Mulyahela Wilson, Ferdinand M. Machibya, Agnes Jonathan, Fortunata Cornel, Paschal Ruggajo, Julie Makani, Ferdinand M. Machibya

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Purpose.

This comparative study sets out to report dental caries status among individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (HbSS) against those with sickle cell trait (HbSA) and those without the disease (HbAA) as controls. The study further assessed the impact of penicillin chemoprophylaxis and hydroxyurea use on dental caries among Sickle Cell Disease participants.

Methods.

This was a comparative cross-sectional study in which 93 children aged 30 to 60 months were recruited. There were 60 participating children who had SCD (HbSS), 17 with SCD trait (HbAS) and 16 were without SCD or SC trait (HbAA). A questionnaire was used to record …

Effectiveness Of Blended Pedagogy For Radiographic Interpretation Skills In Operative Dentistry - A Comparison Of Test Scores And Student Experiences At An Undergraduate Dental School In Pakistan, Marium Iqbal, Jacqueline Maria Dias, Amber Shahmim Sultan, Hussain Ahmed Raza, Laeeq Uz Zaman

Department for Educational Development

Background: Utilizing Blended pedagogy (BP) in radiographic skills may prove to be an effective teaching strategy. However, studies on the use of BP in dentistry are quite limited in Pakistan, where teaching has mostly been via traditional Didactic Lectures (DL); and radiographic interpretation skills of undergraduate dental students are suboptimal. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether utilizing BP to teach radiographic interpretation skills is an effective teaching methodology in Pakistan.
Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted on final year dental students at Jinnah Medical and Dental College (JMDC). Two groups of students were utilized for this study, one taught …

A Modified Oral Health Care Index To Perform Cost-Utility Analysis Is Essential, Nighat Naveed, Fahad Umer

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of The Nasopalatine Canal (Npc) In A Subset Of Pakistani Population, Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct), Madiha Khan, Saqib Habib, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To evaluate variations in the shape, diameter, length and width of the nasopalatine canal along with the width of the buccal cortical bone anterior to it, using cone beam computed tomography imaging.
Methods: The retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September to October 2020, and comprised pre-existing cone beam computed tomography scans taken between 2015 and 2020 of patients of either gender aged 18-60 years who had maxillary central incisors present. The shapes and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal were observed along with the buccal bone anterior to the nasopalatine canal. …

Body Mass Index And Diabetes Mellitus May Predict Poorer Overall Survival Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort From A Tertiary-Care Center Of A Resource-Limited Country, Yumna Adnan, Syed Muhammad Adnan Ali, Mohammad Sohail Awan, Nida Zahid, Muhammad Ozair Awan, Hammad Afzal Kayani, Hasnain Ahmed Farooqui

Department of Surgery

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the highest-ranking cancers among both genders in Pakistan. Obesity is linked to a much higher risk for developing multiple cancer types. Individuals with Diabetes mellitus (DM) face an increased risk for developing oral cancer. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the effect of obesity and DM on the prognosis of OSCC patients.
Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 386 patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patient information was obtained from hospital medical records. Obesity was defined as having …

Knowledge And Awareness Regarding Uses Of Extracted Natural Tooth In Clinical Practice, Momina Anis Motiwala, Shizrah Jamal, Karshma Devi, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Restoration of aesthetics is one the major patients’ concern in dentistry which may be disrupted due to tooth-loss secondary to trauma, or as part of orthodontic treatment or periodontal problem. A number of treatment options are available for the replacement of teeth, but they may be expensive, and time-consuming, involving artificial teeth. For immediate tooth replacement, patient’s own intentionally extracted or unintentionally avulsed tooth maybe used. The current narrative review was planned to discuss various techniques for the use of natural tooth pontic, which preserves the original contours, size and colour of the replaced tooth. Before using these teeth in …

Understanding Deep Learning - Challenges And Prospects, Niha Adnan, Fahad Umer

Department of Surgery

The developments in Artificial Intelligence have been on the rise since its advent. The advancements in this field have been the innovative research area across a wide range of industries, making its incorporation in dentistry inevitable. Artificial Intelligence techniques are making serious progress in the diagnostic and treatment planning aspects of dental clinical practice. This will ultimately help in the elimination of subjectivity and human error that are often part of radiographic interpretations, and will improve the overall efficiency of the process. The various types of Artificial Intelligence algorithms that exist today make the understanding of their application quite complex. …

Bonded Amalgam As A Fissure Sealant In Low-Income Setting: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Farhan Raza Khan, Samreen Liaquat, Ghazala Rafique, Syed Iqbal Azam, Arshad Hasan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objectives: To compare one year retention rate of bonded amalgam sealants (BAS) with that of conventional resin-based sealant (RBS).
Methods: It was a parallel group, equivalence, randomised controlled trial done during March 2018 to December 2019 at the dental clinics of Dow University of Health Sciences, and the Jinnah Sind Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan on children aged 12-16 years, who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups (BAS vs. RBS). Complete retention of the sealant at one year follow-up was labeled as success. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression model was employed. Study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov # …

Radiographic Evaluation Of The Margins Of Clinically Acceptable Metal-Ceramic Crowns, Sheikh Bilal Badar, Kamil Zafar, Rabia Ghafoor, Farhan Raza Khan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To radiographically evaluate the proximal marginal fit of the clinically acceptable metal-ceramic crowns.
Methods: The prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of Aga Khan University, Karachi, from July to December 2018, and comprised metal-ceramic crowns that were evaluated prior to the cementation. Clinical examinations were conducted by seating the crown on the tooth preparation and visual assessment was done using sharp explorer along the margins. Clinically acceptable crowns were then evaluated on the bite-wing radiograph. Any horizontal or vertical inaccuracy of >0.5mm at the proximal margins was recorded as 'discrepancy'. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: …

Artificial Intelligence In Dentistry, Orthodontics And Orthognathic Surgery: A Literature Review, Tania Arshad Siddiqui, Rashna Hoshang Sukhia, Dinaz Ghandhi

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Artificial intelligence is the ability of machines to work like humans. The concept initially began with the advent of mathematical models which gave calculated outputs based on inputs fed into the system. This was later modified with the introduction of various algorithms which can either give output based on overall data analysis or by selection of information within previous data. It is steadily becoming a favoured mode of treatment due to its efficiency and ability to manage complex conditions in all specialities. In dentistry, artificial intelligence has also popularised over the past few decades. They have been found useful for …

A Bibliometric Analysis Of The Studies On Dental Implant Failure, Farhan Raza Khan, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Yusra Fahim Siddiqui

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To identify top 30 studies related to dental implant failures based on bibliometric analysis.
Methods: The bibliometric study was conducted at Aga Khan University, Karachi from April 2021 to June 2021 and comprised database search on Google Scholar used key words "dental implant failures" for studies published between 1990 and 2020. The selected studies were reviewed based on citation count for which the cut-off date was June 1, 2021.
Results: The top 30 papers on dental implant failures had median citation count of 153 (range: 41-1583. Most of the studies were retrospective 11(36.7%), followed by literature reviews 6(20%). The …

Navigating Through Our History In Research: An Altmetric Analysis For Publications By The Full-Time Operative Dentistry Faculty At The Aga Khan University Hospital In The Past Decade, Nighat Naveed, Fahad Umer

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To analyse the social dissemination of publications by fulltime faculty at a tertiary care facility.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised publication records of the fulltime Operative Dentistry faculty members between July 2011 till July 2021. The search was done on Google Scholar, Altmetric Explorer and PubMed electronic databases. After final screening, all the publications in PubMed-indexed journals, including in vitro studies, randomised controlled trials, original research articles, case reports and letters to the editor, for which the Altmetric Attention Score was available were included.
Results: Of the 225 publications …

Comparison Of Surface Defects In Protaper Next And Hyflex Edm Files After Single Clinical Use: A Stereoscopic Evaluation, Faizan Javed, Momina Anis Motiwala, Farhan Raza Khan, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To compare the surface defects created on the ProTaper Next files versus HyFlex Electrical Discharge Machining files after single clinical use in molars.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the dental department of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from December 2018 to June 2019, and comprised Nickel-Titanium files belonging to HyFlex Electrical Discharge Machining and ProTaper Next to perform complete root canal treatment of molar teeth. The files were first visually examined and then analysed under 25.6x magnification using a stereomicroscope for the evaluation of surface defects. A photographic record was maintained and studied. Data was analysed …

Bibliometric Study On The Literature Related To Dental Research And Education Published In Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association, Samira Adnan, Kamil Zafar, Farhan Raza Khan, Rizwan Ullah

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To analyse characteristics of literature related to dental research and education published in a single medical journal, The Journal of Pakistan Medical Association.
Method: The bibliometric study was conducted at the Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University from March till May 2020, and comprised electronic and hand search of scientific literature relevant to dentistry published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association from the first issue published in 1953 till March 2020. The selected articles were analysed for year of publication, field of study, type of article, institute and country of first author, number of …

Baseline Mmp Expression In Periapical Granuloma And Its Relationship With Periapical Wound Healing After Surgical Endodontic Treatment, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Muhammad Faraz Anwar, Khalid Ahmed, Marziya Aftab, Fizza Nazim, Muhammad Furqan Bari, Mohammed Mustafa, Fahim Vohra, Ali Alrahlah, Muhammad Nouman Mughal, Syed Hani Abidi

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyzes the degradation of the extracellular matrix components and have a major role in many physiological processes including wound healing. In the current study, we examined the correlation of baseline MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9 expressions with periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment.
Methods: 27 patients aged between 15 and 57 years presenting with chronic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess of an anterior tooth with previously attempted or failed root canal treatment were included in this study. During surgical endodontic treatment, tissue from the periapical lesion sample was collected and used for gross …

Concomitant Bilateral Mandibular Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma And Cementoblastoma: Case Report Of An Extremely Rare Occurrence, Madiha Bilal Qureshi, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Muhammad Raza, Nasir Ud Din

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) and cementoblastoma (CB) are rare benign odontogenic tumors with a predilection for the mandible. Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a fibro-osseous lesion that originates in the tooth bearing areas of jaw and shows cementum-like tissue in a fibrotic stroma. Cementoblastoma is classically related to roots of teeth with the presence of calcified cementum-like material. To date, only a single case of concomitant unilateral COF and CB has been reported in the literature.
Case presentation: We present an unusual case of a 37-year-old female who presented with two discrete bilateral swellings in the right and left mandible for 10 …

Knowledge And Awareness Of Dental Specialists, General Dentists And Dental Assistants Regarding Sars‑Cov‑2, Hafsa Qabool, Rashna Hoshang Sukhia, Mubassar Fida

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has had drastic effects among healthcare professionals.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness among dental specialists, general dentists and dental assistants regarding standard patient care guidelines for minimizing the spread of the infection.
Material and methods: A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 84 participants. The participants were divided into groups of dental specialists, general dentists and dental assistants. A modified version of a validated questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge and awareness regarding SARS‑CoV‑2 as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. …

A Cbct Based Evaluation Of Root Proximity Of Maxillary Posterior Teeth To Sinus Floor In A Subset Of Pakistani Population, Momina Motiwala, Aysha Arif, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To evaluate the vertical relationship of the roots of maxillary posterior teeth with maxillary sinus floor, and its association with age, gender and bilateral jaw symmetry.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi from June to December 2018, and comprised patients who visited the dental clinics and underwent cone-beam computed tomography scans. The scans were evaluated in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes and roots were classified using Jungs classification for proximity to maxillary sinus floor. The distance between the sinus floor and the apices of maxillary posterior teeth was measured. Data was …

Comparison Of Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Calcipex And Metapex In Endodontic Treatment Of Chronic Apical Periodontitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial Study Protocol, Momina Motiwala, Saqib Habib, Rabia Ghafoor, Seema Irfan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction: Various intracanal medicaments have been used in cases of chronic apical periodontitis for appropriate disinfection of the root canal system to eliminate microbes especially from the inaccessible areas. Calcium hydroxide is the most common intracanal medicament available in various forms, but its effectiveness with or without iodoform using microbial culture is unknown. Therefore, our aim is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Calcipex and Metapex in endodontic treatment of teeth presenting with chronic apical periodontitis by assessing the bacterial load reduction.
Method and analysis: 60 single rooted teeth of patients with diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis will be selected …

Maxillofacial Prosthodontists Are Needed For The Rehabilitation Of Patients With Congenital And Acquired Craniofacial Defects, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Farhan Raza Khan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

No abstract provided.

Photobiostimulatory Effect Of A Single Dose Of Low-Level Laser On Orthodontic Tooth Movement And Pain, Irfan Qamruddin, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Verda Mahroof, Mubassar Fida, Mohd Fadhli Khamis, Adam Husein

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To assess the effect of low-level laser applied at 3 weeks intervals on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and pain using conventional brackets (CB).
Materials and methods: Twenty patients with Angle's class II div 1 (10 males and 10 females; aged 20.25 ± 3.88 years) needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited. Conventional brackets MBT of 0.022 in slot (McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi) prescription braces (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, Calif) were bonded. After alignment and levelling phase, cuspid retraction began with nitinol closed coil spring on 19 × 25 stainless steel archwire, wielding 150 gram force. 7.5 J/cm² energy …

Biostimulatory Effects Of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound On Rate Of Orthodontic Tooth Movement And Associated Pain, Applied At 3-Week Intervals: A Split-Mouth Study, Irfan Qamruddin, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Verda Mahroof, Meenaz Karim, Mubassar Fida, Mohd Fadhli Khamis, Adam Husein

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a noninvasive modality to stimulate bone remodeling (BR) and the healing of hard and soft tissues. This research evaluates the biostimulatory effect of LIPUS on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and associated pain, when applied at 3-week intervals.
Methods: Twenty-two patients (11 males and 11 females; mean age 19.18 ± 2.00 years) having Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion needing bilateral extractions of maxillary first bicuspids were recruited for this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. After the initial stage of alignment and leveling with contemporary edgewise MBT (McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi) prescription brackets (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, …

Relationship Of Natural Occlusal Plane With Different Anatomical Landmarks, Mehwish Khan, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Farhan Raza Khan, Sameer Quraeshi

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To evaluate the parallelism of natural maxillary occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line and ala-tragus line, and to evaluate the anatomic relationship of natural mandibular occlusal plane with retromolar pad among dentate subjects.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018 at Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, and comprised front and profile photographs of subjects aged 20-28 years while holding the camper's plane against the maxillary occlusal plane. The photographs were imported in a software and an interpupillary line was drawn and the angle with Camper's plane was measured. On both profile pictures, lines were drawn …

Comparison Of Two Different Methods In The Removal Of Oil-Based Calcium Hydroxide From Root Canal System: A Triple-Blinded Randomised Clinical Trial, Momina Motiwala, Sheikh Bilal Badar, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of rotary master apical file (RMAF) with ultrasonic activation of endodontic file (UAF) in the removal of silicon oil-based calcium hydroxide (SOBCH) from the canal.
Methods: Ethical review committee approval and informed consent was obtained. 60 cases with necrotic teeth in which silicon oil-based intracanal medicament (Metapex) was to be placed were randomised in one of the two groups using sealed envelopes containing assignment codes for medicament removal: RMAF and UAF group. After standard protocol of coronal access, cleaning and shaping, silicon oil-based SOBCH was placed using a Lentulo spiral. A periapical radiograph was taken …

Management Of Difficult Airway In A Pregnant Patient With Severely Reduced Mouth Opening, Faisal Shamim, Aly Bahadur, Dinaz Ghandhi, Anum Aijaz

Department of Anaesthesia

Pregnancy is associated with a wide variety of oral and dental changes ranging from gingivitis to odontogenic infections. If left untreated, severe dental abscess can progress to Ludwig's angina, which is a potentially lethal cellulitis that rapidly extends to the neck region and may lead to life-threatening upper airway obstruction. We report the case of a pregnant woman who presented with intense throbbing pain, trismus and severely reduced mouth opening due to dental abscess for the last one week. She required incision and drainage of abscess with extraction of third molar under general anaesthesia. There are some significant challenges to …

Preprocedural Pool Testing Strategy For Dentistry During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Fahad Umer, Aysha Arif

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Introduction: Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) put the dental health care professionals (DHCPs) at a greater risk for acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In late June 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advised elective dental procedures provision to asymptomatic patients while mandating strict infection control protocol and suggested the use of preprocedural testing as an adjunct. A cost-effective method for mass preprocedural testing is pool testing, which has specificity and sensitivity similar to polymerase chain reaction. This article aims to assess the outcomes and utility of incorporating preprocedural testing protocol for SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics before …

Aesthetic Rehabilitation In A Patient With Skeletal Mandibular Deficiency And Open Bite: Journey From Splinted Metalloceramic Prosthesis To All-Ceramic Crowns, Rizwan Nazeer, Shizrah Jamal, Farhan Raza Khan

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

This case report is of a 31-year-old female who presented with splinted and faulty metalloceramic prosthesis on maxillary anterior teeth, which was responsible for localised periodontal disease and poor aesthetics. At multiple sites the ceramic had chipped off and the prosthesis colour did not match with the adjacent healthy teeth. A multidisciplinary approach of endodontics, periodontics and prosthodontics was employed for this case. The treatment plan consisted of removing the faulty prosthesis, endodontic retreatment of inadequately root-treated teeth and endodontics in the other coronally prepared abutment teeth. Crown lengthening surgery was performed for the correction of periodontal pockets and high …

Inculcating Research Curriculum In Operative Dentistry - Endodontics Residency Programme: Experience And Outcomes, Farhan Raza Khan, Rabia Ghafoor, Fahad Umer, Munawar Rahman

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Incorporating research education and training in residency curriculum increases the understanding of evidence-based decision-making among doctors in training. Evidence suggests that the addition of research is linearly associated with improvement in clinical competence, and encourages the residents to shape their career as clinical investigators. The current paper was planned to share the experience of adding research into the core curriculum of Operative Dentistry-Endodontics residency programme at a tertiary care university hospital, and to evaluate the outcome achieved with that change.

Development And Validation Of Scale For Self Evaluation Of Soft Skills In Postgraduate Dental Students, Muhammad Haseeb, Muhammad Waheed Azfar, Myra Ahmed, Amina Tariq, Muhammad Sohaib Nawaz, Ali Sadiq

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Objective: To develop and validate a soft skills questionnaire, and to use it for self-evaluation by postgraduate dentistry students.
Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at University College of Dentistry, , University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, from February 2020 to April 2020 and comprised of residents from first to final year of training for either Masters in Dental Surgery or Fellowship of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan programmes. A soft skills questionnaire was generated and was validated through exploratory factor analysis of the elements and items of the questionnaire using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 60 subjects, …

Teaching The 'Comprehensive Dental Care' In Formative Years Of Education And Training: A New Model For Dental Internship, Farhan Raza Khan, Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi, Syed Sheeraz Hussain, Syed Mahmood Haider

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

There is a need of a new model of education and training to be implemented in the Bachelors of Dental Surgery curriculum in the relevant Pakistani institutions. The current review article was planned to suggest such a model in the light of literature aimed at building the capacity of dental graduates in a competency-driven approach with the objective of offering safe, efficient and comprehensive care to dental patients. The outcome of the reforms suggested shall prepare dental graduates suitably geared towards providing community-oriented family dental care right from their formative years. Moreover, the suggested internship model can also help to …