Speech Pathology and Audiology Commons^™

Examining The Learning Of Students Participating In An Interactive Simulated Patient Experience, Mary Smyers

Theses and Dissertations

Simulated patients are becoming increasingly used in the educational program of future speech-language pathologists. The use of standardized patients provides the opportunity to teach students clinical skills in a controlled environment (Bradley, 2006; Zraick, 2012). Simucase, a speech-language pathology software program, allows clinicians to practice their assessment and treatment skills on virtual patients and is a valid method when teaching clinical skills. Thus, this project examined five undergraduate senior clinicians’ performance and reflection about the Simucase program and their own clinical knowledge. The undergraduate student clinicians engaged in controlled simulation experiences that shared similar characteristics to their current clients, and …

Early Speech Deterioration In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Study Of Newscaster Donna Britt, Emily Watkins

LSU Master's Theses

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to detect and track speech changes using acoustic and perceptual measures in an individual (a local newscaster) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using data from before her diagnosis, around the time of her diagnosis, and after her diagnosis.

Methods: Six time points, ranging from 37 months around her diagnosis, were analyzed from one speaker with ALS. Three acoustic parameters were measured: articulation rate, acoustic vowel space, and the slope of the second formant. Additionally, two experts with more than 10 years of experience perceptually analyzed the speech samples on 17 characteristics using …

Progress In Documented Early Identification And Intervention For Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Infants – Cdc’S Hearing Screening And Follow-Up Survey, United States, 2006–2016, Krishnaveni Subbiah, Craig A. Mason, Marcus Gaffney, Scott D. Grosse

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

The national EHDI 1-3-6 goals state that all infants should be screened for hearing loss before 1 month of age; with diagnostic testing before 3 months of age for those who do not pass screening; and early intervention (EI) services before 6 months of age for those with permanent hearing loss. This report updates previous summaries of progress on these goals by U.S. states and territories. Data are based on the Hearing Screening and Follow-up Survey (HSFS) conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the years 2006–2016. Trends were assessed using 3-year moving averages, with rates …

Vowel Production In Down Syndrome: An Ultrasound Study, Micalle Carl

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The present study investigated the articulatory and acoustic characteristics of vowel production in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Speech production deficits and reduced intelligibility are consistently noted in this population, attributed to any combination of phonological, structural, and/or motor control deficits. Speakers with DS have demonstrated impaired vowel production, as indicated by perceptual, acoustic, and articulatory data, with emerging evidence of vowel centralization. Participants in the study included eight young adults with DS, as well as eight age- and gender-matched controls. Ultrasound imaging was utilized to obtain midsagittal tongue contours during single-word productions, specifically targeting the corner vowels /ɑ/, /æ/, …

Ipad Use To Enhance Conversations Between Persons With Dementia And Their Family Caregivers, Kelsey Dynes

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Electronic conversational memory notebooks, a more current application of previous hardcopy versions, consist of personally relevant photographs and accompanying sentences. The notebooks help persons with dementia access memories during conversations. Person-centred communication (PCC) recognizes the individual, accommodating for personal beliefs and intentions. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether persons with dementia and their family caregivers could be educated and trained to use PCC while using an iPad-based electronic conversational memory notebook. Seven persons with mild to moderate dementia and their family caregiver completed the six-week study. Participants were educated and trained to use PCC while conversing …

Differential Diagnosis Of Auditory Processing Disorder In Children: A Literature Review, Jessica Glennon, Benjamin Kirby

AuD Capstone Projects - Communication Sciences and Disorders

Although there is no consensus on the definition of auditory processing disorder (APD), it is typically characterized by listening difficulties resulting from deficits in auditory perceptual processing of sounds in the central auditory nervous system. APD often co-occurs with other disabilities such as ADHD, dyslexia, and specific language impairment. Presenting symptoms can be very similar to these other disorder, complicating diagnosis. Due to the overlap of symptoms between APD and various other deficits, there are concerns that professionals in different fields are providing children with different labels for the same group of symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this literature review …

The Past, Present And Future Of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening In Taiwan, Lin Hung-Ching, Hsiu-Wen Chang, Wen-Hui Hsieh

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

In Taiwan, the Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, in collaboration with the Children’s Hearing Foundation, initiated a free newborn hearing screening program using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in 1998. During 2003-2013, there were four major phases of implementation and promotion of universal newborn hearing screening program (UNHS) in Taiwan initiated by the government’s Bureau of Health Promotion. These included (1) establishment of “2004 Taiwan Guidance of Newborn Hearing Screening Program” ; (2) completion of “2008 Taiwan Consensus Statement on Newborn Hearing Screening”; (3) implementation of national government-funded UNHS program in 2012; (4)“2014 Taiwan UNHS revised guidelines”. In summary, in 2016, …

Update On The Clinical Utility Of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials, Faith W. Akin, Owen D. Murnane

Faith W. Akin

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) supplement the vestibular test battery by providing diagnostic information about otolith organ function. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the clinical use of the cervical VEMP and ocular VEMP as clinical tests of otolith function

Identification Of The Smallest Perceivable Interaural Time Differences, Sinthiya Thavam

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Several studies have reported human threshold interaural time differences (ITDs) near 10 μs; however, none of these studies aimed to find the stimulus and experimental method that yields the lowest threshold. The goal of the current study is to systematically determine the stimulus and the experimental paradigm that yields the smallest threshold ITD and to provide an accurate reference value. We systematically varied seven parameters: stimulus waveform, stimulus level, stimulus duration, adaptive versus constant stimulus procedure, number of reference intervals, inter-stimulus pause duration, and inclusion versus exclusion of onset and offset ITD. The condition yielding the lowest threshold ITD was …

Factors Related To Successful Implementation Of An Aac Device For An Individual With Autism, Michaela Worms

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

Communication impairment is a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013); therefore, the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has become an essential part of language intervention for children with autism that experience significant difficulties with communication (Flores et al., 2012). Assessing children’s preferences for AAC options may be important with respect to AAC abandonment, which is a problem in the AAC field (Johnson, Inglebret, Jones, & Ray, 2006). This single-subject study identified factors related to successful implementation, acquisition, and usage of an AAC system. The clinician collected baseline data on the client’s spontaneous production …

Comparing Two Naturalistic Pragmatic Assessments: The Celf-5 Pragmatic Activities And The Yale In Vivo Pragmatic Protocol (Yipp), Rebecca Reid

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Pragmatics, or the social use of language, is a dimension of communication skills that is very difficult to assess due to its dependence on cultural norms, situational context, and speaker differences. Of the current methods for evaluating pragmatic language skills in children, the literature most frequently recommends naturalistic assessment because it allows the clinician to most closely simulate a real-life interaction. Despite these recommendations, limited information exists to guide clinicians in making decisions about which activities yield the most representative pragmatic language sample. This preliminary study compared two naturalistic pragmatic assessments, the Pragmatic Activities from the Clinical Evaluation of Language …

Does Emg Monitoring In A Cvemp Matter?, Kimberly Fleck

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

To determine if EMG monitoring or the use of amplitude normalization would significantly reduce the amplitude variability and amplitude asymmetry of the cVEMP in children ages 3 and under, we first needed to create a control group with young, healthy adults to compare the pediatric group to. We also wanted to replicate earlier studies that showed EMG monitoring and amplitude normalization does not have an impact on the VEMP in young, healthy adults. We tested two different positions, sitting and supine. Supine is the optimal position to generate EMG, but we wanted to have control data in case the pediatric …

Melodic Contour Identification And Speech Recognition By School-Aged Children, Michael P. Morikawa

Dissertations, 2014-2019

Using the Sung Speech Corpus (SSC), which encompasses a single database that contains musical pitch, timbre variations and speech information in identification tasks, the current study aimed to explore the development of normal-hearing children’s ability to use the pitch and timbre cues. Thirteen normal hearing children were recruited for the study ages ranging from 7 to 16 years old. Participants were separated into two separate groups: Younger (7-9) and Older (10-16). Musical Experience was taken into account as well. The Angel Sound ™ program was utilized for testing which was adopted from previous studies, most recently Crew, Galvin, and Fu …

Objective Differences Between Premium And Mid-Level Digital Hearing Aids, Chelsea C. Barry

Dissertations, 2014-2019

This ongoing study compared premium and mid-level hearing aids from major manufacturers on noise reduction and general electroacoustic characteristics. The findings of this study will contribute to the scarce independent literature evaluating currently available hearing aid technology. Measuring the overall gain reduction in response to a steady state noise can objectively test noise reduction. However, such a method does not specifically test a hearing aid’s ability to reduce speech in specific narrow frequency bands. Hanline & Rout (2008) developed a set of stimuli to evaluate multichannel noise reduction algorithms more precisely. We used these stimuli to test noise reduction abilities …

Maximize How You Supervise: Report Of The 2016 Asha Ad Hoc Committee On Supervision Training, Vicki Mccready, Kevin Mcnamara, Nancy Nelson, Samantha Procaccini, Stephanie Adamovich, Karleung Cheung, Carol Dudding, Natalie Lenzen, Loretta Nunez, A. Lynn Williams

A. Lynn Williams

The success of existing and future audiologists and speech-language pathologists is dependent on skilled supervision. This session presents the findings of the ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Supervision Training, including resources to enhance supervisor/preceptor skills and strategies for growing a culture of expectation for such training.

Sensorimotor Modulations By Cognitive Processes During Accurate Speech Discrimination: An Eeg Investigation Of Dorsal Stream Processing, David E. Jenson

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Internal models mediate the transmission of information between anterior and posterior regions of the dorsal stream in support of speech perception, though it remains unclear how this mechanism responds to cognitive processes in service of task demands. The purpose of the current study was to identify the influences of attention and working memory on sensorimotor activity across the dorsal stream during speech discrimination, with set size and signal clarity employed to modulate stimulus predictability and the time course of increased task demands, respectively. Independent Component Analysis of 64–channel EEG data identified bilateral sensorimotor mu and auditory alpha components from a …

Associations Of The Medial Olivocochlear Reflex And Speech-In-Noise Abilities In Normal Hearing Adult Listeners: A Systematic Review, Imari J. Greaves

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This systematic review analyzed the research concerning the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) and speech-in-noise abilities in normal hearing adult listeners. In an attempt to understand the underlying difficulties in this population, the following research questions were proposed: 1) Does the research indicate that the magnitude of MOC suppression measured via OAEs is related to a normal hearing subject’s ability to recognize speech-in-noise? 2) Are MOC effects measured via OAEs lateralized? Is there a right ear advantage as suggested by Khalfa, Morlet, Micheyl, Morgon & Collet (1997)? Ten studies met the standards for inclusion for this review. Analysis of the research …

Otologic Blast Injuries, Michelle Singer

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The otologic system functions as a highly sensitive pressure transducer. Because of this, the ear is the most commonly affected organ in primary blast injury. Frequently encountered symptoms include hearing loss, tinnitus, and tympanic membrane perforations. The ear is repeatedly overlooked during triage and easily forgotten in subjects with multiple injuries after major catastrophic events such as explosions. This systematic review provides an overview of the most common otologic injuries observed after blast exposure in a variety of settings and populations. An analysis of 35 studies and an additional 23 reviews was performed in attempt to uncover patterns of otologic …

What’S The Evidence For Involving Parents In Intervention For Speech Sound Disorders?, Eleanor Sugden, Elise Baker, Natalie Munro, A. Lynn Williams

A. Lynn Williams

This systematic overview examines the evidence base for parent involvement in intervention for phonology-based speech sound disorders. Of the 175 identified papers, 61 reported including parents and/or home-based tasks in intervention. However, insufficient detail reported within these papers limits replication and implementation. The clinical and research implications are discussed.

Translational Research: Bridging The Gap From Research To Practice, A. Lynn Williams

A. Lynn Williams

Early childhood is a critical period for literacy development and US research has found that 35 per cent of children enter public schools with low levels of the skills needed to learn to read. Visiting US academic Professor Lynn Williams will present a lecture about how children acquire literacy skills on Thursday 8 November at Charles Sturt University (CSU) Bathurst Campus. Associate Professor Sharynne McLeod, from CSU’s School of Teacher Education, said that Professor Williams has a distinguished career in teaching and writing about speech and language development and disorders in children. “Her lecture, Contexts for facilitating emergent literacy skills, …

Slps And Auds Go Global: A Research-Based Cross-Linguistic Consortium, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw

A. Lynn Williams

No abstract provided.

Practice In Child Phonological Disorders: Tackling Some Common Clinical Problems, Tim Brackenbury, Marc Fey, Gregory Lof, Benjamin Munson, A. Lynn Williams

A. Lynn Williams

Goal of presentation is to identify areas of child phonology that clinicans have difficulty with.

Phonological Intervention Using A Multiple Opposition Approach, A. Lynn Williams, John Kalbfleisch

A. Lynn Williams

The purpose of this investigation was to examine phonological restructuring when contrastive oppositions were constructed to include larger treatment sets that confronted the child with multiple sound targets selected from an entire rule set.

Person-Centered Outcomes In Culturally And Diverse Contexts: International Application Of The Icf, Karla Washington, Jane Mccormack, A. Lynn Williams, Brenda Louw, Nancy Thomas-Stonell, Tammy Hopper

A. Lynn Williams

This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Cultural and Linguistic Considerations Across the Discipline. This session was developed by the Convention Program Committee to increase SLPs’ awareness regarding research and clinical applications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) across pediatric and adult populations around the world. Discussants provide perspectives from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Jamaica, and the United States.

Intervention Intensity For Speech Sound Disorders: How Much And For How Long?, Elise Baker, A. Lynn Williams

A. Lynn Williams

Seminar Outline 1) What is intervention intensity? 2) What do we know about the intensity of intervention for SSD in children? 3) How might SLPs use the evidence on intervention intensity in their everyday management of SSD in children?

Identification Of Speech-Language Disorders In Toddlers, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon

A. Lynn Williams

This session is developed by, and presenters invited by, Speech Sound Disorders in Children and Language in Infants Toddlers and Preschoolers. This invited session provides an overview of early speech/language development with a focus on identifying delay/disorders in toddlers. Types of speech/language behaviors in prelinguistic/ early linguistic development that serve as “red flags” for possible disorders will be discussed. The need for developmentally appropriate assessments will be highlighted.

Enhancing Phd Preparation Through Shared Ideas Across Csd Program, Elizabeth Crais, Ruth Bentler, Lynne Hewitt, Jennifer Lister, Jennifer Simpson, Ronald Gillam, Barbara Cone, A. Lynn Williams, Glen Tellis

A. Lynn Williams

Shortages of PhD graduates to fill CSD faculty positions have been a concern for over 15 years. The ASHA AAB (collaborating with CAPCSD) completed interviews of Coordinators of almost all 76 CSD PhD Programs. Results and successful aspects of the programs will be highlighted to stimulate discussion among participants.

Comparison Of Ten Interventions For A 7-Year-Old With Unintelligible Speech, Sharynne Mcleod, Alison Holm, Sharon Crosbie, Barbara Dodd, Barbara W. Hodson, Michelle Morrisette, Judith A. Gierut, Deborah Hayden, Nicole Mueller, Joy Stackhouse, A. Lynn Williams, Caroline Bowen

A. Lynn Williams

The management of speech impairment of unknown origin in children requires SLPs to make important clinical decisions around assessment, analysis, diagnosis and intervention. Ideally, clinicians should be guided in their decision making by evidence. Over thirty years ago, this was a relatively straightforward task. Most children’s speech problems were assessed, analysed and treated from an articulation perspective. Since the paradigm shift from articulation to phonology, clinical decision making has become more challenging. This challenge is in part due to the increase in possible approaches. This short course will outline the application of ten intervention approaches to one child and will …

Comparison Of Two Treatment Conditions For Young Children With Speech Sound Disorders, Megan Overby, A. Lynn Williams, John Bernthal

A. Lynn Williams

The purpose of this study was to compare treatment outcomes between stimulus presentation conditions to children with moderate to severe SSD: a traditional paper presentation versus a computer software generated presentation. The participants were four monolingual kindergarten children with moderate to severe SSD. A multiple baseline across behaviors single subject design was employed in the study. Two non-stimulable, non-cognate sounds from two different manner categories were selected as sound targets. One sound error was treated using paper stimuli presented in a traditional paper table-top presentation (TAB condition) while the other sound error was treated using stimuli presented on the computer …

Assessment Of Single-Word Production For Children Under Three Years Of Age: Comparison Of Children With And Without Cleft Palate, Nancy J. Scherer, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon, Ann Kaiser

A. Lynn Williams

Background. This study reports comparative phonological assessment results for children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) to typically developing peers using an evaluation tool for early phonological skills. Methods. Children without clefts (NC = noncleft) and 24 children with CLP, ages of 18–36 months, were evaluated using the Profile of Early Expressive Phonological Skills (PEEPSs) [1]. Children interacted with toy manipulatives to elicit a representative sample of target English consonants and syllable structures that are typically acquired by children between 18 and 27 months of age. Results. Results revealed significant differences between the two groups with regard to measures of …