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Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides

2023

Articles 1 - 7 of 7

Full-Text Articles in Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Environmental Exposures And Aging., Daniel Chris Gomes Dec 2023

Environmental Exposures And Aging., Daniel Chris Gomes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, research into air pollution has shown that exposure to certain components in air pollution, primarily PM2.5 can accelerate biological aging and thereby lead to increased susceptibility to multiple diseases. We hypothesize that prolonged exposure to air pollutants can result in premature aging leading to extensive tissue dysfunction and susceptibility to diseases. To examine this, we exposed mice to PM2.5 for 9, 15, and 21 days, then measured the telomere lengths, cellular senescence, and histone methylation patterns of multiple cell types. We found consistently increased telomere attrition, cellular senescence and advanced age-consistent histone methylation patterns in groups exposed …

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Purification And Biochemical Characterization Of The Dna Binding Domain Of The Nitrogenase Transcriptional Activator Nifa From Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus, Heidi G. Standke, Lois Kim, Cedric P. Owens Oct 2023

Purification And Biochemical Characterization Of The Dna Binding Domain Of The Nitrogenase Transcriptional Activator Nifa From Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus, Heidi G. Standke, Lois Kim, Cedric P. Owens

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

NifA is a σ54 activator that turns on bacterial nitrogen fixation under reducing conditions and when fixed cellular nitrogen levels are low. The redox sensing mechanism in NifA is poorly understood. In α- and β-proteobacteria, redox sensing involves two pairs of Cys residues within and immediately following the protein’s central AAA+ domain. In this work, we examine if an additional Cys pair that is part of a C(X)5 C motif and located immediately upstream of the DNA binding domain of NifA from the α-proteobacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd) is involved in redox sensing. We hypothesize that the …

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Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Evaluation Of Polyarginine Derived Bone-Targeting Peptides, Gina L. Antuono May 2023

Synthesis, Characterization And Biological Evaluation Of Polyarginine Derived Bone-Targeting Peptides, Gina L. Antuono

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Osteoblast-targeting peptides in the treatment of bone disease is a new and novel approach to offering effective treatment of various cancers and can be used in bio-medical, medicinal chemistry and biotechnology applications. By targeting adhesion proteins produced by osteoblast cells, certain cancers which migrate and metastasize to the bone may be more effectively treated. An osteoblast-targeting peptide composed of Ser-Asp-Ser-Ser-Asp (SDSSD) which selectively binds to osteoblast cells via periostin has recently been identified. This peptide was functionalized with polyurethane, generating nanomicelles which encapsulated RNA for the therapeutic treatment of osteoporosis. This study has served as the basis for the research …

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The Developing Effects Of Potassium Ferricyanide On Tetrahymena, Katelyn Coronell May 2023

The Developing Effects Of Potassium Ferricyanide On Tetrahymena, Katelyn Coronell

Whittier Scholars Program

Potassium Cyanide is a highly toxic chemical asphyxiant that interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen, typically by directly affecting the body by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, or eye contact(CDC, 2011). Due to its high toxicity, the main effect that leads to the downfall of the organism begins with the cessation of aerobic metabolism; it does this by cyanide binding to the ferric ions and inhibiting cytochrome oxidase within the mitochondria (Zhang, 2015). There are no physical dangers the substance causes. Although, there are many chemical dangers. If used at temperatures higher than 70℉ The substance may produce toxic …

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Modified Linear Peptides Effectively Silence Stat-3 In Breast Cancer And Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines, Dindyal Mandal, Sandeep Lohan, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Abdulelah Alhazza, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Keykavous Parang, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi Feb 2023

Modified Linear Peptides Effectively Silence Stat-3 In Breast Cancer And Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines, Dindyal Mandal, Sandeep Lohan, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Abdulelah Alhazza, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Keykavous Parang, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

RNA interference (RNAi) has drawn enormous attention as a powerful tool because of its capability to interfere with mRNA and protein production. However, designing a safe and efficient delivery system in RNAi therapeutics remains challenging. Herein, we have designed and synthesized several linear peptides containing tryptophan (W) and arginine (R) residues separated by the β-alanine (βA) spacer and attached to a lipophilic fatty acyl chain, cholesterol, or PEG. The peptide backbone sequences were: Ac-C-βA-βA-W4-βA-βA-R4-CO-NH2 and Ac-K-βA-βA-W4-βA-βA-R4-CO-NH2, with only a difference in N-terminal amino acid. The cysteine side chain in the first sequence was used for the conjugation with PEG2000 and …

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Interactions Between Hiv And Opioids On Antiretroviral Accumulation, The Blood Brain Barrier, And The Inflammatory Response In The Brain., Kara Rademeyer Jan 2023

Interactions Between Hiv And Opioids On Antiretroviral Accumulation, The Blood Brain Barrier, And The Inflammatory Response In The Brain., Kara Rademeyer

Theses and Dissertations

The complex mechanisms related to HIV infection, neurodegeneration, and chronic neuroinflammation collectively describe neuroHIV (Hauser et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2014; Smith et al. 2014). Specifically, opioid abuse, poor penetration of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, chronic inflammation and neuronal injury/degeneration are all implicated in neuroHIV (Fantuzzi et al. 2003; Letendre et al. 2004; Verani et al. 2005; Duncan and Sattentau 2011; Hong and Banks 2015; Simoes and Justino 2015; Olivier et al. 2018; Murphy et al. 2019; Osborne et al. 2020). For the first time, we demonstrate that morphine, fentanyl, and methadone in vivo alter the brain accumulation of ARVs, …

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Proposing An Rna Interference (Rnai)-Based Treatment For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) By Analyzing The Post-Transcriptional Gene Targeting Of Sars-Cov-2, Hepatitis C Virus, And A549 Lung Cancer Cells, Arjun Jagdeesh Jan 2023

Proposing An Rna Interference (Rnai)-Based Treatment For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) By Analyzing The Post-Transcriptional Gene Targeting Of Sars-Cov-2, Hepatitis C Virus, And A549 Lung Cancer Cells, Arjun Jagdeesh

Undergraduate Research Posters

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cell lymphocytes in humans, leading to the development of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated. While current treatment methods, including antiretroviral combination treatments, effectively limit HIV replication, HIV can evade these treatments due to its high mutation rate. Long-term antiretroviral treatment can also be toxic to patients, meaning patients would benefit from a new mechanism of HIV treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) is an antiviral pathway found in mammals, plants, and insects that involves a small-interfering RNA that is incorporated into a protein complex called the RNA-induced Silencing Complex …

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