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2003

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Articles 1 - 13 of 13

Full-Text Articles in Anatomy

Radiation Effects On Dopamine-Mediated Prepulse Inhibition In The C57bl/6 Mouse, Cara Nicole Zuccarelli Miller Sep 2003

Radiation Effects On Dopamine-Mediated Prepulse Inhibition In The C57bl/6 Mouse, Cara Nicole Zuccarelli Miller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examined the effects of proton and gamma radiation on a dopamine-dependent sensory gating mechanism: prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. The purpose of this research was to describe potential hazards of proton radiation to the central nervous system in long-term space fight and for proton therapy patients. Results from previous research indicate that startle behavior is modified by proton and iron radiation. Forty-eight 10-½ week old, male C57BL/6 mice were used to characterize the optimal parameters for the model (prepulse duration, probe duration, and stimulus-onset-asynchrony). Three hundred and fifty two mice were used to characterize the time course …

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Immortalized Epithelial Cells From Human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Cysts, Mahmoud Loghman-Adham, Surya M. Nauli, Carlos E. Soto, Barbara Kariuki, Jing Zhou Sep 2003

Immortalized Epithelial Cells From Human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Cysts, Mahmoud Loghman-Adham, Surya M. Nauli, Carlos E. Soto, Barbara Kariuki, Jing Zhou

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the result of mutations in one allele of the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, followed by "second hit" somatic mutations of the other allele in renal tubule cells. Continued proliferation of clonal cells originating from different nephron segments leads to cyst formation. In vitro studies of the mechanisms of cyst formation have been hampered by the scarcity of nephrectomy specimens and the limited life span of cyst-derived cells in primary culture. We describe the development of a series of immortalized epithelial cell lines from over 30 individual renal cysts obtained from 11 patients with …

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Time Course Of Loudness Recalibration: Implications For Loudness Enhancement, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks Aug 2003

Time Course Of Loudness Recalibration: Implications For Loudness Enhancement, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Loudness recalibration, the effect of a relatively loud 2500-Hz recalibrating tone on the loudness of a relatively soft 2500-Hz target tone, was measured as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI) between them. The loudness of the target tone, assessed by a 500-Hz comparison tone, declined when the ISI equaled or exceeded about 200 ms and leveled off at an ISI of about 700 ms. Notably, the target tone’s loudness did not change significantly at very short ISIs (<150 ms). The latter result is incompatible with the literature reporting loudness enhancement in this time window but is compatible with the suggestion made by Scharf, Buus, and Nieder [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 807–810 (2002)] that early measurements of enhancement were contaminated by the influence of the recalibrating tone on the comparison …

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Magnetic Resonance Images Of The Brain Of A Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia Simus), L. Marino, K. Sudheimer, D. A. Pabst, J. I. Johnson Jul 2003

Magnetic Resonance Images Of The Brain Of A Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia Simus), L. Marino, K. Sudheimer, D. A. Pabst, J. I. Johnson

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Cetacean (dolphin, whale and porpoise) brains are among the least studied mammalian brains because of the difficulty of collecting and histologically preparing such relatively rare and large specimens. Among cetaceans, there exist relatively few studies of the brain of the dwarf sperm whale (Kogia simus). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a means of observing the internal structure of the brain when traditional histological procedures are not practical. Therefore, MRI has become a critical tool in the study of the brain of cetaceans and other large species. This paper represents the first MRI-based anatomically labelled three-dimensional description of the dwarf sperm …

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Recalibrating The Auditory System: A Speed–Accuracy Analysis Of Intensity Perception, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks Jun 2003

Recalibrating The Auditory System: A Speed–Accuracy Analysis Of Intensity Perception, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Recalibration in loudness perception refers to an adaptation-like change in relative responsiveness to auditory signals of different sound frequencies. Listening to relatively weak tones at one frequency and stronger tones at another make the latter appear softer. The authors showed recalibration not only in magnitude estimates of loudness but also in simple response times (RTs) and choice RTs. RTs depend on the sound intensity and may serve as surrogates for loudness. Most important, the speeded classification paradigm also provided measures of errors. RTs and errors can serve jointly to distinguish changes in sensitivity from changes in response criterion. The changes …

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Hybridization Between The Watersnakes Nerodia Sipedon And Nerodia Fasciata, In The Carolinas: A Morphological And Molecular Approach, Konrad Mebert Apr 2003

Hybridization Between The Watersnakes Nerodia Sipedon And Nerodia Fasciata, In The Carolinas: A Morphological And Molecular Approach, Konrad Mebert

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A few traditionally applied diagnostic characters of color pattern were compared with an additional set of morphological and genetic characters to evaluate differences between Nerodia sipedon and N. fasciata and to study the dynamics across their hybrid zone in the Carolinas. Many of the morphological characters exhibited significant interspecific differences, although only the number of dorsally complete crossbands (CBa) was diagnostic by itself. A discriminant function analysis of morphological characters was successful in separating both taxa. Species-specific nuclear markers, identified by the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique were nearly fixed and served as diagnostic markers. They revealed extensive introgression …

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Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Hussain, Riaz Lakdawala, Fayyaz Hussain, Javaid Khan Apr 2003

Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Hussain, Riaz Lakdawala, Fayyaz Hussain, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

No abstract provided.

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Cross-Modal Enhancement Of Perceived Brightness: Sensory Interaction Versus Response Bias, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks, Eric C. Odgaard Jan 2003

Cross-Modal Enhancement Of Perceived Brightness: Sensory Interaction Versus Response Bias, Yoav Arieh, Lawrence E. Marks, Eric C. Odgaard

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Stein, London, Wilkinson, and Price (1996) reported the presence of cross-modal enhancement of perceived visual intensity: Participants tended to rate weak lights as brighter when accompanied by a concurrent pulse of white noise than when presented alone. In the present study, two methods were used to determine whether the enhancement reflects an early-stage sensory process or a later-stage decisional process, such as a response bias. First, the enhancement was eliminated when the noise accompanied the light on only 25% versus 50% of the trials. Second, the enhancement was absent when tested with a paired-comparison method. These findings are consistent with …

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Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah Jan 2003

Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Sense organs in the legs that detect body weight are an important component in the regulation of posture and locomotion. This thesis seeks to gain an understanding of how body weight is detected by sense organs of the legs, and determine how this information influences muscle activities in standing and walking. The first study tested the ability of tibial campaniform sensilla (receptors that monitor forces in the cockroach leg) to encode variations in body load using magnets attached to the thorax. Recordings of sensory activities in freely standing animals showed that proximal tibial sensilla (oriented perpendicular to the leg long …

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Mechanisms Underlying Protection Against Rt-2 Gliomagenesis In Rat Brain Utilizing Primary And Secondary Vaccination, Andrea M. Lister Jan 2003

Mechanisms Underlying Protection Against Rt-2 Gliomagenesis In Rat Brain Utilizing Primary And Secondary Vaccination, Andrea M. Lister

Theses and Dissertations

Primary brain tumor affects some 18,000 adults in the United States each year (Silverberg et al., 1990; Merchant et al., 1997) and over 30% are high-grade anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (Parney et al., 1997). According to Kruse et al., 1989, the treatment of patients with recurrent or persistent high-grade gliomas represents a major therapeutic challenge. The use of conventional therapy consisting of surgery, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy for gliomas, has been relatively ineffective (Jaecle et al., 1994) despite the fact that these therapies are cytoreductive in nature (Black, 1991). Most malignancies will recur locally but may …

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Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor Us28-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Is Mediated By Focal Adhesion Kinase And Src, Daniel N. Streblow, Jennifer Totonchy, Patsy Smith, Ryan Melnychuk, Laurel Hall, Dora Pancheva, Martine Smit, Paola Casarosa, David D. Schlaepfer, Jay A. Nelson Jan 2003

Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor Us28-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Is Mediated By Focal Adhesion Kinase And Src, Daniel N. Streblow, Jennifer Totonchy, Patsy Smith, Ryan Melnychuk, Laurel Hall, Dora Pancheva, Martine Smit, Paola Casarosa, David D. Schlaepfer, Jay A. Nelson

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 induces arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration; however, the underlying mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. We have previously shown that US28-mediated SMC migration occurs by a ligand-dependent process that is sensitive to proteintyrosine kinase inhibitors. We demonstrate here that US28 signals through the non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and that this activity is necessary for US28-mediated SMC migration. In the presence of RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), US28 stimulates the production of a FAK Src kinase complex. Interestingly, Src co-immunoprecipitates with US28 in …

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Prostate Cancer: Some Clinical And Scientific Dilemmas., Paul D. Abel, El-Nasir Lalani Jan 2003

Prostate Cancer: Some Clinical And Scientific Dilemmas., Paul D. Abel, El-Nasir Lalani

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

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The Influence Of Slow Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels On Epileptiform Activity In A Neuronal Model Of Pyramidal Cells, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Piotr J. Franaszczuk, Gregory K. Bergey Jan 2003

The Influence Of Slow Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels On Epileptiform Activity In A Neuronal Model Of Pyramidal Cells, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Piotr J. Franaszczuk, Gregory K. Bergey

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

An imbalance between excitation and inhibition can play an important role in the generation of epileptiform activity. Experimental evidence indicates that alterations of either synaptic activity or intrinsic membrane properties may contribute to this imbalance. The slow Ca2+ - activated K+ currents (sIAHP) limit neuronal firing rate and excitability and are therefore of great interest for their potential role in epileptogenesis. The sIAHP is found in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and its effect on these neurons can influence the network behavior. Simulations show that the increased excitability caused by reduction of inhibition by the sIAHP for inhibitory interneuron generates …

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