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Articles 31 - 49 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
Photography: The Silent Savior Of Breast Cancer Patients, Sarah M. Schroeder
Photography: The Silent Savior Of Breast Cancer Patients, Sarah M. Schroeder
Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal
This paper explores the role of digital mammography in diagnosing breast cancer.
Vibrational Microspectroscopy For Cancer Screening, Fiona Lyng, Ines Ramos, Ola Ibrahim, Hugh Byrne
Vibrational Microspectroscopy For Cancer Screening, Fiona Lyng, Ines Ramos, Ola Ibrahim, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Vibrational spectroscopy analyses vibrations within a molecule and can be used to characterise a molecular structure. Raman spectroscopy is one of the vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in which incident radiation is used to induce vibrations in the molecules of a sample, and the scattered radiation may be used to characterise the sample in a rapid and non-destructive manner. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a complementary vibrational spectroscopic technique based on the absorption of IR radiation by the sample. Molecules absorb specific frequencies of the incident light which are characteristic of their structure. IR and Raman spectroscopy are sensitive to subtle biochemical changes …
Electronic Desalting For Controlling The Ionic Environment In Droplet-Based Biosensing Platforms, Vikhram Vilasur Swaminathan, Piyush Dak, Bobby Reddy Jr, Eric Salm, Carlos Duarte-Guevara, Yu Zhong, Andrew Fischer, Yi-Shao Liu, Rashid Bashir
Electronic Desalting For Controlling The Ionic Environment In Droplet-Based Biosensing Platforms, Vikhram Vilasur Swaminathan, Piyush Dak, Bobby Reddy Jr, Eric Salm, Carlos Duarte-Guevara, Yu Zhong, Andrew Fischer, Yi-Shao Liu, Rashid Bashir
Birck and NCN Publications
The ability to control the ionic environment in saline waters and aqueous electrolytes is useful for desalination as well as electronic biosensing. We demonstrate a method of electronic desalting at micro-scale through on-chip micro electrodes. We show that, while desalting is limited in bulk solutions with unlimited availability of salts, significant desalting of ≥1 mM solutions can be achieved in sub-nanoliter volume droplets with diameters of ∼250 μm. Within these droplets, by using platinum-black microelectrodes and electrochemical surface treatments, we can enhance the electrode surface area to achieve >99% and 41% salt removal in 1 mM and 10 mM salt …
The Clinical Breast Examination: A Useful Screening Tool?, Jennifer Lo
The Clinical Breast Examination: A Useful Screening Tool?, Jennifer Lo
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
The standardization of the clinical breast examination as a screening tool for breast cancer has been a topic of controversy. Current recommendations vary significantly from organization to organization without consensus. There currently does not seem to be sufficient evidence regarding overall survival benefit of the clinical breast exam. However, as adjunct screening with mammography, it may help find earlier breast cancers and the up to 5–10% of cancers missed by mammography. The most appropriate standardized protocol may be that the clinical breast exam can be performed at the discretion of the provider and patient, with more inclination toward use in …
Breast Cancer Screening: Early Detection Is Not Enough, Judy A. Tjoe
Breast Cancer Screening: Early Detection Is Not Enough, Judy A. Tjoe
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
N/A
What Are The Recommended Timing And Screening Modalities For Women At Higher Risk Of Developing Breast Cancer? A Clin-Iq, Summer Jatala, Shawn Fitzgerald, Pamela Tietze, Kalyanakrishnan Ramakrisnan, Laine H. Mccarthy, Elizabeth Wickersham
What Are The Recommended Timing And Screening Modalities For Women At Higher Risk Of Developing Breast Cancer? A Clin-Iq, Summer Jatala, Shawn Fitzgerald, Pamela Tietze, Kalyanakrishnan Ramakrisnan, Laine H. Mccarthy, Elizabeth Wickersham
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
Early detection of breast cancer is desirable to prevent progression to advanced disease. This subject has been one of significant study and debate for women at normal risk, and recommendations continue to evolve. However, with regard to women at high risk, the recommendations from various health care professional organizations, including the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, are different and also inconsistent concerning when to begin screening and which modalities should be used. We review several randomized controlled trials and consensus opinions regarding when to begin screening for breast cancer and how to best screen women at high risk. Specifically, we …
Understanding Atp-Mediated Vasodilatation In Humans, Anne R. Crecelius, Frank A. Dinenno
Understanding Atp-Mediated Vasodilatation In Humans, Anne R. Crecelius, Frank A. Dinenno
Anne R. Crecelius
Negative results, cynicism, the piecing together of puzzles and integrating physiology with experimental approaches are all part of the inspiring and meandering journey on the path to understand ATP-mediated vasodilatation. While it is satisfying to be "right" as scientists, we know sometimes the most important progress occurs when data are surprising or contrary to our original hypothesis. The pursuit of explanations for unexpected findings often leads to the best advancements. The story of how our laboratory came to investigate the underlying vasodilatator pathways of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an example of such a path to our current understanding.
Reactive Hyperemia Occurs Via Activation Of Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels And Na+/K+-Atpase In Humans, Anne R. Crecelius, Jennifer C. Richards, Gary J. Luckasen, Dennis G. Larson, Frank A. Dinenno
Reactive Hyperemia Occurs Via Activation Of Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels And Na+/K+-Atpase In Humans, Anne R. Crecelius, Jennifer C. Richards, Gary J. Luckasen, Dennis G. Larson, Frank A. Dinenno
Anne R. Crecelius
Rationale: Reactive hyperemia (RH) in the forearm circulation is an important marker of cardiovascular health, yet the underlying vasodilator signaling pathways are controversial and thus remain unclear. Objective: We hypothesized that RH occurs via activation of inwardly rectifying potassium (KIR) channels and Na+/K+-ATPase and is largely independent of the combined production of the endothelial autocoids nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins in young healthy humans. Methods and Results: In 24 (23±1 years) subjects, we performed RH trials by measuring forearm blood flow (FBF; venous occlusion plethysmography) after 5 minutes of arterial occlusion. In protocol 1, we studied 2 groups of 8 …
Attitudes Towards An Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool To Reduce Exposure To Ionizing Radiation, Raymond Zakhari
Attitudes Towards An Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool To Reduce Exposure To Ionizing Radiation, Raymond Zakhari
Faculty Publications and Presentations
Patients who suffer minor brain injuries experience unnecessary ionizing radiation in the form of a non-contrast head CT scan despite the dearth of evidence supporting standard CT scans for all brain injuries. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the incidence of certain types of cancer. This evidence-based practice change project assesses the attitude of clinicians towards evidence-based clinical decision support tools, specifically the Canadian CT head rule. The use of highly sensitive clinical decision support tools is supported in the literature to help healthcare providers mitigate the risk associated with unnecessary use of CT scan imaging studies. The project was conducted …
Clinical Evaluation Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) Assay For Rapid Detection Of Neisseria Meningitidis In Cerebrospinal Fluid, Paul E. Kilgore
Clinical Evaluation Of A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (Lamp) Assay For Rapid Detection Of Neisseria Meningitidis In Cerebrospinal Fluid, Paul E. Kilgore
Paul E. Kilgore
BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading causative agent of bacterial meningitis in humans. Traditionally, meningococcal meningitis has been diagnosed by bacterial culture. However, isolation of bacteria from patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is time consuming and sometimes yields negative results. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic methods of detecting Nm have been considered the gold standard because of their superior sensitivity and specificity compared with culture. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and evaluated its ability to detect Nm in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a meningococcal LAMP assay (Nm LAMP) that targets …
Making The Leap From Research Laboratory To Clinic: Challenges And Opportunities For Next-Generation Sequencing In Infectious Disease Diagnostics., Brittany Goldberg, Heike Sichtig, Chelsie Geyer, Nathan Ledeboer, George M Weinstock
Making The Leap From Research Laboratory To Clinic: Challenges And Opportunities For Next-Generation Sequencing In Infectious Disease Diagnostics., Brittany Goldberg, Heike Sichtig, Chelsie Geyer, Nathan Ledeboer, George M Weinstock
Pediatrics Faculty Publications
Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) has progressed enormously over the past decade, transforming genomic analysis and opening up many new opportunities for applications in clinical microbiology laboratories. The impact of NGS on microbiology has been revolutionary, with new microbial genomic sequences being generated daily, leading to the development of large databases of genomes and gene sequences. The ability to analyze microbial communities without culturing organisms has created the ever-growing field of metagenomics and microbiome analysis and has generated significant new insights into the relation between host and microbe. The medical literature contains many examples of how this new technology can be …
Noncontact Diffuse Correlation Tomography Of Breast Tumor, Lian He
Noncontact Diffuse Correlation Tomography Of Breast Tumor, Lian He
Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering
Since aggressive cancers are frequently hypermetabolic with angiogenic vessels, quantification of blood flow (BF) can be vital for cancer diagnosis. Our laboratory has developed a noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (ncDCT) system for 3-D imaging of BF distribution in deep tissues (up to centimeters). The ncDCT system employs two sets of optical lenses to project source and detector fibers respectively onto the tissue surface, and applies finite element framework to model light transportation in complex tissue geometries. This thesis reports our first step to adapt the ncDCT system for 3-D imaging of BF contrasts in human breast tumors. A commercial 3-D …
Analysis Of Protein Expression For Potential Biomarkers In Human Pancreatic Tumor Cell Lines, Jade Ashley Simpson
Analysis Of Protein Expression For Potential Biomarkers In Human Pancreatic Tumor Cell Lines, Jade Ashley Simpson
Honors Program Theses
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer of the pancreas that has been shown to have extremely low survival rates. It can be quite lethal because of its asymptomatic early stages and inability to detect cancer at the cellular level. Once diagnosed, the cancer will have usually spread or metastasized beyond surgical resection. Thus, research is focused on finding potential biomarkers in tumor cell lines to help in earlier diagnosis of this disease leading to better treatment options. Previous work using bioinformatics data suggest several cellular genes including, CTHCR1, EPPK1, AHNAK2, and IGHG3, can be potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. The …
An Association Study Between Adult Blood Pressure And Time To First Cardiovascular Disease, Yongjia Pu
An Association Study Between Adult Blood Pressure And Time To First Cardiovascular Disease, Yongjia Pu
Theses and Dissertations
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated the association between the time to hypertension event and multiple baseline measurements for adults, yet other survival cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes such as high cholesterol and heart attack have been somewhat less considered. The Fels Longitudinal Study (FLS) provides us an opportunity to connect adult blood pressure (BP) at certain ages to the time to first CVD outcomes. The availability of long-term serial BP measurements from FLS also potentially allows us to evaluate if the trend of the measured BP biomarkers over time predicts survival outcomes in adulthood through statistical modeling.
METHODS: When the reference …
Values In Breast Cancer Screening: An Empirical Study With Australian Experts, Lisa Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy Carter
Values In Breast Cancer Screening: An Empirical Study With Australian Experts, Lisa Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy Carter
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Objective:
To explore what Australian experts value in breast screening, how these values are conceptualised and prioritised, and how they inform experts’ reasoning and judgement about the Australian breast-screening programme.
Design:
Qualitative study based on interviews with experts.
Participants:
33 experts, including clinicians, programme managers, policymakers, advocates and researchers selected for their recognisable influence in the Australian breast-screening setting.
Setting:
Australian breast-screening policy, practice and research settings.
Results:
Experts expressed 2 types of values: ethical values (about what was good, important or right) and epistemological values (about how evidence should be created and used). Ethical values included delivering benefit, avoiding …
The Retrospective Diagnosis Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In Adolescents: Family Physicians' Challenges, Adam M. Pechmann
The Retrospective Diagnosis Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In Adolescents: Family Physicians' Challenges, Adam M. Pechmann
Masters Theses
The primary purpose of the study was to identify current retrospective practices used by family physicians in the diagnosis of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults. In other words, do physicians adhere to best practices and examine information from childhood in order to diagnose ADHD in adolescents and young adults? In addition, this study aimed to examine the information physicians request for ADHD diagnosis, types of treatments they recommend, the type of information they use to assess treatment outcomes, and professional attitudes regarding the nature of ADHD. Participants completed a questionnaire designed to answer the research questions. Participants …
Low Cost Shear And Pressure Sensor, Kyle L. Rohrig, Phaethon D. Kotantoulas, Brandon J. Lloyd, Hazim H. Abualola, Tao Ruan
Low Cost Shear And Pressure Sensor, Kyle L. Rohrig, Phaethon D. Kotantoulas, Brandon J. Lloyd, Hazim H. Abualola, Tao Ruan
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Elevated pressure and shearing stresses at the foot-shoe interface are believed to play a role in diabetic foot ulceration. The main goal of this project was to design a simple insole that could distinguish between sites of high pressure and sites of excessive shearing stresses at the foot-shoe interface. Wear patterns that relate specifically to shear and pressure acting on the plantar surface of a patient’s foot also needed to be exhibited. The team used reflective tape that was applied to the surface to various types of insoles to look for visible wear patterns. These wear patterns were identified by …
Mirnas As Biomarkers For Prostate Cancer Progression, Gene C. Clark
Mirnas As Biomarkers For Prostate Cancer Progression, Gene C. Clark
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is one of the most challenging global medical issues today. In 2011, prostate cancer was the most diagnosed malignancy in the United States, making up 29% of new cancer cases. In that year it was the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among men in the USA and the second most common cause of cancer related death overall from the EU. The prostate remains, however, an under studied organ, making insights into the anatomy and biology of prostate cancer difficult to achieve. After 30 years, PSA screening of men of the appropriate age is still the first …
Dysregulation Of Micrornas In Blood As Biomarkers For Diagnosing Prostate Cancer, Rhonda W. Daniel
Dysregulation Of Micrornas In Blood As Biomarkers For Diagnosing Prostate Cancer, Rhonda W. Daniel
Theses and Dissertations
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer among men, yet current diagnostic methods are insufficient and more reliable diagnostic markers need to be developed. The answer that can bridge this gap and enable more efficient diagnoses may lie in microRNAs. These small, single stranded RNA molecules impact protein expression at the translational level and regulate important cellular pathways. Dysregulation of these small RNA molecules can have tumorigenic effects on cells and lead to many types of cancers.
Currently the Prostate-Stimulating Antigen (PSA) is used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. However, many factors can elevate PSA levels such …