Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Obesity And The Development Of Lung Fibrosis, Xia Guo, Christudas Sunil, Guoqing Qian

Cellular and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Obesity is an epidemic worldwide and the obese people suffer from a range of respiratory complications including fibrotic changes in the lung. The influence of obesity on the lung is multifactorial, which is related to both mechanical injury and various inflammatory mediators produced by excessive adipose tissues, and infiltrated immune cells. Adiposity causes increased production of inflammatory mediators, for example, cytokines, chemokines, and adipokines, both locally and in the systemic circulation, thereby rendering susceptibility to respiratory diseases, and altered responses. Lung fibrosis is closely related to chronic inflammation in the lung. Current data suggest a link between lung fibrosis and …

The 2021 Eurpean Alliance Of Associations For Rheumatology/American College Of Rheumatology Points To Consider For Diagnosis And Management Of Autoinflammatory Type I Interferonopathies: Candle/Praas, Savi And Ags, Kader Cetin Gedik, Lovro Lamot, Micol Romano, Erkan Demirkaya, David Piskin, Sofia Torreggiani, Laura A. Adang, Thais Armangue, Kathe Barchus, Devon R. Cordova, Yanick J. Crow, Russell C. Dale, Karen L. Durrant, Despina Eleftheriou, Elisa M. Fazzi, Marco Gattorno, Francesco Gavazzi, Eric P. Hanson, Min Ae Lee-Kirsch, Gina A. Montealegre Sanchez, Bénédicte Neven, Simona Orcesi, Seza Ozen, M. Cecilia Poli, Elliot Schumacher, Davide Tonduti, Katsiaryna Uss, Daniel Aletaha, Brian M. Feldman

Paediatrics Publications

Objective: Autoinflammatory type I interferonopathies, chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature/proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (CANDLE/PRAAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) are rare and clinically complex immunodysregulatory diseases. With emerging knowledge of genetic causes and targeted treatments, a Task Force was charged with the development of 'points to consider' to improve diagnosis, treatment and long-term monitoring of patients with these rare diseases. Methods: Members of a Task Force consisting of rheumatologists, neurologists, an immunologist, geneticists, patient advocates and an allied healthcare professional formulated research questions for a systematic literature …

Time Course Investigation Of The Dermal Leukocyte Response To Lipoteichoic Acid In Chickens, Ian M. Gilbert, Jossie M. Santamaria, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a cell-wall polymer in Gram-positive bacteria that stimulates inflammation. Few studies have investigated in vivo immune response to LTA, and none of the in vivo studies have been performed in birds. For this project, the pulp (a skin derivative) of growing feathers (GF) of chickens was used to investigate the in vivo effects of intradermally injected LTA. In Study 1, GF of chickens were injected with 10 μL of differing concentrations of LTA (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 or 250 μg LTA/mL; 3 chickens/dose). Growing feathers were plucked before injection (0 h) and at 6, 24, 48, …

Omega-6 And Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Derived Oxylipins From The Lipoxygenase Pathway In Maternal And Umbilical Cord Plasma At Delivery And Their Relationship With Infant Growth, Maranda Thompson, Arzu Ulu, Ana G. Yuil-Valdes, Maheswari Mukherjee, Melissa K. Thoene, Matthew Van Ormer, Rebecca Slotkowski, Elizabeth Lyden, Ann Anderson-Berry, Corrine K. Hanson, Tara M. Nordgren, Sathish Kumar Natarajan

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are important for neonatal development and health. One mechanism by which omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids exert their effects is through their metabolism into oxylipins and specialized pro-resolving mediators. However, the influence of oxylipins on fetal growth is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify oxylipins present in maternal and umbilical cord plasma and investigate their relationship with infant growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma collected at the time of delivery. Spearman's correlations highlighted significant correlations between metabolite levels and infant growth. They …

Obesity, Physical Activity And Prostate Cancer: An Overview, Joanna Kruk, Joshua Bernstein, Basil Aboul-Enein

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

Obesity and a lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) are recognized as risk factors for most civilization diseases, including cancer. This study synthesized the current evidence evaluating the relationship between excess body weight and prostate cancer (PCa) in the relation to the disease risk, progression, and mortality, and identifies biological plausibility of the association. We also estimated the importance of PA in intentional body weight loss. Several electronic major databases to identify eligible articles were searched until March 2022. A total 22 observational articles, the literature on the underlying biological mechanisms, and the crucial evidence of a role of PA …

The Effects Of Cannabidiol On Senior Equine Health, Shelley Turner

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Cannabis sativa L., has been revealed to produce hundreds of phytocannabinoids, of which cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most desired. It has been revealed that CBD can potentially treat inflammation and act as an analgesic in humans without psychoactive effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Recently, there has been interest in understanding the potential health benefits of CBD for horses. With an increasing senior horse population (< 15 years old), alternatives to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as phenylbutazone, firocoxib, and flunixin meglumine, are desired as these common anti-inflammatory treatments have negative side effects. Because senior horses may have chronic low-grade inflammation, termed inflamm-aging, they are a natural model to investigate the efficacy of CBD on inflammatory responses as well as other health parameters. Given this interest, and due to the lack of research conducted on CBD in the horse, the overall objective of this dissertation work was to conduct both basic and applied research investigating the effects of CBD on equine immune function and health. The first objective was to determine the in vitro effects of CBD as an anti-inflammatory. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from senior horses were cultured in vitro with increasing concentrations of pure CBD dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). These cells were …

Biomarkers Of Inflammation And Oxidative Stress In The Prediction And Management Of Acute Coronary Syndrome, Udaya Ralapanawa, Sivakanesan R

Health Sciences

The assessment of patients presenting with chest pain or symptoms indicative of cardiac ischemia remains a diagnostic challenge. Many types of research have focused on the search for ideal biological markers for the rapid detection of cardiac cell injuries. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are the way forward. At present, the biomarker most widely used for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome is cardiac troponin though it has some limitations. Apart from cardiac troponin, several other biomarkers, especially inflammation and oxidative stress markers in acute coronary syndrome, have been investigated. However, most of them still require validation in further studies. As …

Editorial: Infection, Inflammation, And Neurodegeneration: A Critical Path To Alzheimer's Disease, Volume Ii., Roberta Mancuso, Simone Agostini, Denah Appelt, Brian J. Balin

PCOM Scholarly Papers

No abstract available

Diabetes, Obesity, Geographic Location Of The Patient And Clostridium Difficile Infection In The United States, Mary (Maribeth) Greenway

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major nosocomial threat to be reckoned with in the current health care setting in the United States. Advancing age, underlying chronic disease associated with inflammation (including Diabetes Mellitus Type I ([DMI]), Diabetes Type II ([DMII]), and obesity), trauma, immunodeficiency and other factors that diminish the overall health of an individual, and increase an individual’s susceptibility to CDI. The ecological framework was used to determine the relationship between geographic, chronic diseases and the occurrence of infectious diseases. To continue enhancing knowledge related to CDI susceptibility this quantitative study used the 2010 National Hospital Discharge Survey …

Loss Of Function Of Wfs1 Causes Er Stress-Mediated Inflammation In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Shuntaro Morikawa, Lindsey Blacher, Chinyere Onwumere, Fumihiko Urano

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, and progressive neurodegeneration. Pathogenic variants in the

The Human Male Liver Is Predisposed To Inflammation Via Enhanced Myeloid Responses To Inflammatory Triggers, Adrian Kuipery, Deeqa Mahamed, Shirin Nkongolo, June Ann D'Angelo, Alexandra Johnson Valiente, Aman Mehrotra, William C Chapman, Peter Horton, Ian Mcgilvray, Harry L A Janssen, Adam J Gehring

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND & AIM: Men have a higher prevalence of liver disease. Liver myeloid cells can regulate tissue inflammation, which drives progression of liver disease. We hypothesized that sex alters the responsiveness of liver myeloid cells, predisposing men to severe liver inflammation.

METHODS: Luminex was done on plasma from Hepatitis B Virus infected patients undergoing nucleoside analogue cessation in 45 male and female patients. We collected immune cells from the sinusoids of uninfected livers of 53 male and female donors. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to phenotype and characterize immune composition. Isolated monocytes were stimulated with TLR ligands to measure the …

Interleukin-1 Receptor 1 Signaling In Mild Tbi: Do Endothelial Cells Play A Major Role?, Colleen N. Bodnar

Theses and Dissertations--Neuroscience

Across the world, over 69 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) per year making TBI a major health concern worldwide. Of all the TBIs that occur each year, it is suggested that up to 90 percent are mild in nature. Even a mild TBI causes both physical damages to the cells of the brain and activation of a variety of biochemical cascades. Inflammation is an extremely common pathology seen in the brains of TBI survivors of all severities. Chronic inflammation can cause detrimental effects within the brain including neurodegeneration. A major pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), is upregulated within …

The Effect Of Intra-Articular Corticosteroids On The Systemic Messenger Rna Response In An Equine Experimental Inflammation Model, Emma Elaine Partridge

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids are regularly used in equine athletes for the control of joint inflammation. The goal of this study was to utilize an acute synovitis inflammation model to determine the residual effects of IA betamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide on various inflammatory parameters and lameness.

Five mixed-breed, 2-year-old horses were randomly allocated to an IA treatment of the radiocarpal joint with 9 mg of either betamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide. Two weeks following treatment, horses were injected with 1μg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) diluted in 1 mL of 0.9% sterile saline. Following LPS injection, horses were crossed-over and both sets of injections …

The Effectiveness Of Anti-Interleukin-1 Therapy On Subclinical Inflammation Parametersduring The Attack-Free Period In Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients: A Case-Control Study, Ebru Atalar, İsmai̇l Doğan, Kevser Gök, Serdar Can Güven, Yüksel Maraş, Gülay Güleç Ceylan, Şükran Erten

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Anti IL-1 therapy is useful in suppressing attacks in FMF patients with colchicine resistance, however, it is not certain whether subclinical inflammation can sufficiently be inhibited with anti-IL-1 therapy in FMF patients with amyloidosis. Materials and methods: Forty-six FMF patients receiving anti-interleukin-1 therapy and 36 healthy control patients were compared in terms of laboratory parameters. Also, FMF patients were further divided into two groups; those with amyloidosis and those without it, and these subgroups were compared to each other in terms of clinical and laboratory findings. Results: In comparison between the FMF and healthy control groups, erythrocyte sedimentation rate …

Hidden Threat In Familial Mediterranean Fever: Subclinical Inflammation, Oxidative Stress And Their Relationship With Vitamin D Status, Mhd Boshr Alesh, Di̇dem Barlak Keti̇, Ayşenur Paç Kisaarslan, Sabahatti̇n Muhtaroğlu, Sema Nur Taşkin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Vitamin D levels have been investigated in children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), but the relationship between vitamin D status and inflammation/oxidative stress indicators could not be clearly demonstrated. This study aimed to investi- gate the relationship between subclinical inflammation/oxidative stress and vitamin D status in children with FMF during an attack-free period. Materials and methods: In the cross-sectional study, ninety children with FMF in the attack-free period and 30 healthy children were included. Patients were grouped according to their vitamin D status (< 20, 20-29, and 30-100 ng/mL). The groups were compared in terms of pentraxin 3 (PTX-3), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS). Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with vitamin D status. Results: PTX-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with vitamin D insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL) than in the group with vitamin D sufficient (30-100 ng/mL). Patients with vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) had higher TOS. A strong negative correlation was ob- served between vitamin D levels and TOS (p = 0.003). Subclinical inflammation (PTX-3 ≥ 0.640) and high TOS levels were negatively associated with vitamin D levels. Conclusion: Subclinical inflammation and oxidative stress were negatively associated with vitamin D levels in patients with FMF dur- ing an attack-free period. Sufficient vitamin D levels are important in fighting subclinical inflammation and oxidative stress in children with FMF.

Favorable Efficacy Of Adalimumab Treatment In Experimental Acute Pancreatitis Model, Başak Çakir Güney, Alpaslan Tanoğlu, Murat Yeni̇çeri̇, Zafer Çirak, Ayşe Gökçen Sade, Yeşi̇m Önal Taştan, Zeli̇ha Seri̇ndağ, Mustafa Kaplan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Acute pancreatitis is a clinical picture with a wide range of symptoms from mild inflammation to multiorgan failure and death. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Adalimumab (ADA) on inflammation and apoptosis in a cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model in rats. Material and methods: Experimental cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis model was created by applying 4 intraperitoneal cerulein injections at 1-h intervals. A total of 40 rats, 8 in each group, were randomly distributed into five groups. In the groups that ADA treatment was given, two different doses of ADA were administered 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg …

The Effects Of Neuronal Growth Factors On Lps-Activated Schwann Cells, Caitlyn E. Henry, Peyton Kimmel, Angela Asirvatham Ph.D.

Student Research Poster Presentations 2022

Schwann cells (SCs) are the principal support cells of neurons in the peripheral nervous system, that both myelinate axons for the rapid conduction of electrical impulses as well as assist in axonal repair during nerve injury. During nerve injury, SCs secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)^1,5,6 and other proinflammatory mediators^1,6, attracting macrophages to the site of injury to induce inflammation and clear myelin debris.^1,6 Once the debris is cleared, the neuron stimulates SC proliferation by secreting neuronal mitogens, such as heregulin^3,4, and an unknown factor that activates the cAMP pathway³, an important …

Simulation Of An Inflammatory Model Using Schwann Cells, Caitlyn Henry, Peyton Kimmel, Angela Asirvatham

Student Research Poster Presentations 2022

During peripheral nerve injury, the myelin surrounding the neuronal axons is damaged, initiating an inflammatory response to remove myelin debris. Once myelin debris is cleared, Schwann cells acquire a proliferating phenotype which allows them to grow and divide so that remyelination can occur. The neuron stimulates Schwann cell division by secreting growth factors, like heregulin, and an unknown growth factor that activates the cAMP pathway. Although the role of cAMP in axonal regeneration is well-known, not much has been explored about its function in Schwann cells during nerve injury and inflammation. To simulate an inflammatory environment, the S16 Schwann cell …

Zonulin As A Mediator Of Psychological Stress And Periodontal Disease, Casey D. Wright

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

The prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases is on the rise. Some have posited the permeability of tight junctions in gastrointestinal epithelium tissues as a potential mechanism for precipitating inflammatory processes throughout the body. Zonulin is the only known modulator of tight junction permeability and has been implicated in numerous chronic inflammatory processes (e.g., proinflammatory cytokine production) and diseases, more generally. The role of zonulin in oral inflammation, however, has yet to be explored. Periodontal disease is the most common oral inflammatory condition and primary perpetrator of tooth loss. Periodontal disease also is associated with a number of other health problems …

The Role Of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps In Acute Lung Injury, Davide Scozzi, Fuyi Liao, Alexander S Krupnick, Daniel Kreisel, Andrew E Gelman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils play a key role in the development of different forms of ALI, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is emerging as a common pathogenic mechanism. NETs are essential in controlling pathogens, and their defective release or increased degradation leads to a higher risk of infection. However, NETs also contain several pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules than can exacerbate thromboinflammation and lung tissue injury. To reduce NET-mediated lung damage and inflammation, DNase is frequently used in preclinical models of ALI due to its capability …

Exploring The Influence Of Psychosocial Stress And Inflammatory Properties Of The Diet On Cardiometabolic Risk And Gut Microbiome Health Among Young Adult Women Of Birmingham, Alabama, Rachel Olivia Knight

All ETDs from UAB

Concerning trends for obesity, diabetes, heart attacks, and obesity-related cancers, or cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are developing within the emerging and young adult/adulthood (EYA) population. Evidence supports the concept that chronic stress leads to physiologic dysregulation, reduced mental health, chronic diseases, and reduced longevity; however, these are not inevitable outcomes, and resilience or vulnerability is determined by interacting environmental and biobehavioral factors. Although CMD manifests clinically in older adulthood, disease pathophysiology begins earlier, and thus, EYA is a critical time for observation and intervention. Growing evidence indicates inflammation is a major risk factor in CMD development and may be exacerbated by …

Integrated Phenotypic And Molecular Expression Circuits In End-Stage Osteoarthritis, Devin J. Drummer

All ETDs from UAB

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating, inflammatory, joint degeneration disorder, and is the most common form of arthritis. Individuals reaching end-stage OA often pursue elective total hip/knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) to relieve pain and improve mobility and quality of life. However, approximately one third of THA/TKA patients suffer long-term mobility impairments following surgery, likely in part due to an inability to repair the damaged muscle surrounding the diseased joint. Mechanisms driving this impaired recovery remain poorly understood, therefore it is prudent to interrogate the molecular signatures in skeletal muscle at the time of surgery to provide candidate markers that may improve upon …

Early Life Stress And Barrier Dysfunction Of The Blood-Brain Barrier, Margaret Ellen Lloyd

All ETDs from UAB

Early Life Stress (ELS) refers to any process or event of chronic and/or sever stress that occurs early in an individual’s development; this can be spurred by environmental or behavioral cues and helps predict inflammation later1 in life. ELS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic conditions like depression. However, many of the physiological processes that lead to increased risk of chronic illness later in life have yet to be established or examined. The ELS mouse model is used to examine the unknown mechanistic links between childhood stress and risk for chronic disease in adulthood. …

A Pilot Study Of Total Personal Exposure To Volatile Organic Compounds Among Hispanic Female Domestic Cleaners, Kelly Oyer-Peterson, David Gimeno Ruiz De Porras, Inkyu Han, George L Delclos, Edward G Brooks, Masoud Afshar, Kristina W Whitworth

Journal Articles

Cleaners have an elevated risk for the development or exacerbation of asthma and other respiratory conditions, possibly due to exposure to cleaning products containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. This pilot study aimed to quantify total personal exposure to VOCs and to assess biomarkers of inflammation and pulmonary oxidative stress in 15 predominantly Hispanic women working as domestic cleaners in San Antonio, Texas, between November 2019 and July 2020. In partnership with a community organization, Domésticas Unidas, recruited women were invited to attend a training session where they were provided 3M 3500 passive organic vapor …

Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Following Diagnostic Coronary Angiography, Hytham Rashid, Andrew Good, Jonathan Brown, Tusharkumar Pansuriya, Alan Fisher Covin, Mir Ali Sadat

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2022

No abstract provided.

Dysregulation Of Biomarkers Of Hemostatic Activation And Inflammatory Processes Are Associated With Adverse Outcomes In Pulmonary Embolism, Iman Darwish, Jawed Fareed, Yevgeniy Brailovsky, Debra Hoppensteadt, Brett Slajus, Emily Bontekoe, Frank De Stefano, Trent Reed, Amir Darki

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Introduction: The pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism (PE) represents complex, multifactorial processes involving blood cells, vascular endothelium, and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Platelet (P), endothelial (E), and leukocyte (L)-selectin molecules may play an important role in PE pathophysiology. We aimed to profile the biomarkers of inflammation, including selectins in PE patients, and compare them to healthy individuals.

Materials and methods: 100 acute PE patients and 50 controls were included in this case control study. ELISA methods were used to quantify levels of selectins, inflammatory, and hemostatic biomarkers.

Results: In PE patients, levels of selectin molecules as compared to controls convey …

Effects Of Vitamin D Administration At The Beginning Of Lactation In Dairy Cows Oninflammatory Response And Liver Metabolism, Feyyaz Kaya, Hasan Batmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D administered 24 h after calving of dairy cows on calcium-phosphorus metabolism, carbohydrate, lipid and liver metabolism, and inflammatory response. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG) and control group (CG). The EG received 5,000,000 IU vitamin D3 (5 mL) 24 h after parturition intramuscularly, whereas the CG group received 5 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Blood samples were taken 24 h after parturition before treatments and at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days of lactation. Serum NEFA, BHBA, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin, calcium, phosphorus, …

Exercise Medicine For Cancer Cachexia: Targeted Exercise To Counteract Mechanisms And Treatment Side-Effects, Georgios Mavropalias, Marc Sim, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvao, Nigel Spry, William Kraemer, Keijo Häkkinen, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Cancer-induced muscle wasting (i.e., cancer cachexia, CC) is a common and devastating syndrome that results in the death of more than 1 in 5 patients. Although primarily a result of elevated inflammation, there are multiple mechanisms that complement and amplify one another. Research on the use of exercise to manage CC is still limited, while exercise for CC management has been recently discouraged. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding that exercise is not a single medicine, but mode, type, dosage, and timing (exercise prescription) have distinct health outcomes. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects …

Activation Of Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Protects Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Acute Lung Injury And Inflammation, Nagaraja Nagre, Gregory Nicholson, Xiaofei Cong, Janette Lockett, Andrew C. Pearson, Vincent Chan, Woong-Ki Kim, K. Yaragudri Vinod, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Background

Bacterial pneumonia is a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen with an increasing resistance acquired against multiple drugs, is one of the main causative agents of ALI and ARDS in diverse clinical settings. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R), the effect of CB2R activation in the regulation of PA-induced ALI and inflammation was tested in a mouse model as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy.

Methods

In order to activate CB2R, a selective synthetic agonist, JWH133, was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to C57BL/6J …

Apoe Mediated Neuroinflammation And Neurodegeneration In Alzheimer's Disease, Samira Parhizkar, David M Holtzman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Neuroinflammation is a central mechanism involved in neurodegeneration as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, directly influences disease onset and progression by interacting with the major pathological hallmarks of AD including amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tau tangles, as well as neuroinflammation. Microglia and astrocytes, the two major immune cells in the brain, exist in an immune-vigilant state providing immunological defense as well as housekeeping functions that promote neuronal well-being. It is becoming increasingly evident that under disease conditions, these immune cells become progressively dysfunctional in …