Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Health Professionals’ Roles In Animal Agriculture, Climate Change, And Human Health, Aysha Z. Akhtar, Michael Greger, Hope Ferdowsian, Erica Frank

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

What we eat is rapidly becoming an issue of global concern. With food shortages, the rise in chronic disease, and global warming, the impact of our dietary choices seems more relevant today than ever. Globally, a transition is taking place toward greater consumption of foods of animal origin, in lieu of plantbased diets. With this transition comes intensification of animal agriculture that in turn is associated with the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases, environmental degradation, and the epidemics of chronic disease and obesity. Health professionals should be aware of these trends and consider them as they promote healthier and more …

Nutrition-Related Conditions Among Children Of Migrant And Seasonal Farmworkers In The United States: Causes And Solutions, Rebecca Halvorson

Food Science and Nutrition

The purpose of this literature review is to determine the prevalence of nutrition-related conditions among children of migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) compared to national averages, as well as effectiveness of strategies for minimizing any health discrepancies. MSFW live under harsh conditions, engage in long hours of physically demanding labor, and receive insufficient income. Compounding demographic characteristics create insurmountable barriers to quality health care and nutrition education resulting in disproportionately unhealthy children within the MSFW population as compared to the greater US population. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and numerous infections is higher among MSFW children. …

The Nutrient Intake Of Homeless Women Of Grand Rapids, Michigan, Emily D. Popma-Metsaars

Masters Theses

Background Homeless individuals comprise about 1% of the American population with 1/3 of this particular population being women. And despite the potential for hunger, the homeless population has a similar prevalence of overweight/obese as other Americans. The Heartside neighborhood of Grand Rapids is a very low-income area of the city, inhabited by the poor and homeless. The Food Access in Michigan Project is studying the relationship between food insecurity and food environments in Michigan.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the diet of homeless women in Heartside. This study examined the level of food …

Biomarkers Of Inflammation, Metabolism, And Oxidative Stress In Blood, Liver, And Milk Reveal A Better Immunometabolic Status In Peripartal Cows Supplemented With Smartamine M Or Metasmart, J. S. Osorio, E. Trevisi, P. Ji, J. K. Drackley, D. Luchini, G. Bertoni, J. J. Loor

Physiology Collection

The peripartal dairy cow experiences a state of reduced liver function coupled with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing basal diets with rumen-protected Met in the form of MetaSmart (MS) or Smartamine M (SM) (both from Adisseo Inc., Antony, France) during the peripartal period on blood and hepatic biomarkers of liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thirty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were fed the same basal diet from −50 to −21 d relative to expected calving [1.24 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM); no Met supplementation]. From −21 d to calving, the cows received diets …

E-Coaching For Weight Loss, Jennifer Warren

Jennifer Warren

Parental Perception Of Healthy Eating And Physical Activity: Results From A Preliminary Photovoice Study, Nicole Mareno

Nicole Mareno

Flax: Food And Fiber, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

Highlights the versatile and nutritious flax plant, now cultivated worldwide.

Nutrition And Prevention Of Alzheimer's Dementia, Arun Swaminathan, Gregory A. Jicha

Neurology Faculty Publications

A nutritional approach to prevent, slow, or halt the progression of disease is a promising strategy that has been widely investigated. Much epidemiologic data suggests that nutritional intake may influence the development and progression of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Modifiable, environmental causes of AD include potential metabolic derangements caused by dietary insufficiency and or excess that may be corrected by nutritional supplementation and or dietary modification. Many nutritional supplements contain a myriad of health promoting constituents (anti-oxidants, vitamins, trace minerals, flavonoids, lipids, …etc.) that may have novel mechanisms of action affecting cellular health and regeneration, the aging process itself, or may …

Hss Departmental Developments Fall 2014, Department Of Health And Sport Sciences

Health and Sport Sciences Newsletter

• Health Professions Club by Kailee Cialella
• Rike 40th Anniversary Celebration
• HSS Comprehensive Campaign Challenge
• Updates from the Majors
• The Strengths Perspective by Patti Wilson, MC
• New Turf & Track
• A Message from the Chair by Dr. Joan Rocks

Hss Alumni News Fall 2014, Department Of Health And Sport Sciences

Health and Sport Sciences Newsletter

• Becoming A Leader by Rachel Puthoff
• Rike Dance/Fitness Room Remodel
• Updates from the Majors
• A Message from the Chair by Dr. Joan Rocks

Parental Feeding Behavior: Influences On Elementary Children's Health, Cydni Martin, Jennifer Paquin, Helen W. Bland

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrition and physical activity of children. The hypothesis was that parental feeding styles will influence the healthy eating habits and physical activity among children. Childhood obesity has been called one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century (World Health Organization, n.d). In the past 30 years, childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The research design used was a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, self-reported study in which a 27-question survey measured the parents’ child feeding behavior …

The Government Of Kenya Cash Transfer For Orphaned And Vulnerable Children: Cross-Sectional Comparison Of Household And Individual Characteristics Of Those With And Without, Lukoye Atwoli, Lonnie Embleton, Julius Koech, Paula Braitstein, Allan Kamanda

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: The ‘Cash Transfer to Orphans and Vulnerable Children’ (CT-OVC) in Kenya is a government-supported program intended to provide regular and predictable cash transfers (CT) to poor households taking care of OVC. CT programs can be an effective means of alleviating poverty and facilitating the attainment of an adequate standard of living for people’s health and well-being and other international human rights. The objective of this analysis was to compare the household socioeconomic status, school enrolment, nutritional status, and future outlook of orphaned and separated children receiving the CT compared to those not receiving a CT.

Methods: This project analyzes …

Munch A Bunch, Ginger D. Cameron

Pharmacy Practice Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

Childhood Obesity Fieldwork Summary Report: The Food Education Project, Maria De Rosario Vasquez

Master's Projects and Capstones

Childhood Obesity and diabetes is on the rise and the health risk for developing various diseases is a major public health issue. This paper examines the public health issue on childhood obesity and diabetes. This paper explains the importance and magnitude of this problem by providing statistics, research efforts, educational efforts and the importance of preventing childhood obesity and diabetes. The paper will summarize, explain observations and provide insight on fieldwork completed through a project called The Food Education Project. The project focuses on addressing the major public health problem through educating children and adolescents on health, nutrition, food and …

Nutrition, Appetite And Weight Loss In Elders Living In Long-Term Care Facilities, Karene Marie Goodman

Dissertations

Abstract Elders living in long-term care facilities often experience weight loss. Weight loss in elders has been shown to increase their risk of death. Existing research has identified numerous factors associated with appetite and weight loss in elders. Dementia, depression, acute and chronic illness, and medications have all been identified as potential causes of decreased appetite and weight loss in elders. Only a few nutritional and appetite assessment tools exist, and these tools are not widely used in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this descriptive study was to validate the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), an appetite assessment tool …

Examining The Influence Of Farmers' Market Motivations On Access To Healthful Foods And Business Opportunities For Farms, Rachel K. Ward

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Farmers’ markets are increasingly promoted as mechanisms for improving access to healthful foods for low-income households, as they are relatively inexpensive to establish and they can provide affordable food for low-income households by offering Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT). SNAP/EBT at markets also expands revenue opportunities for participating farmers. Market mangers provide a critical role in overseeing SNAP/EBT at markets and influencing business opportunities for farmers. Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to evaluate how managers’ motivations influence SNAP/EBT availability and participation at markets and business opportunities for small- and moderate- sized farms.

To develop a …

Study Of Intuitive Eating Ratings And Self-Efficacy Differences In Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Pcos), Meaghan Ormsby Schillinger

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder, which if left untreated can lead to infertility and diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether women with PCOS who practice intuitive eating skills are more confident in sustaining healthy lifestyle changes.

Methods: A web-based survey was completed by 120 women with PCOS. Bivariate associations between the self-efficacy and intuitive eating scales was investigated using scatterplots, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and a simple linear regression model. Ratings on the intuitive eating scale were dichotomized as high or low and self-efficacy ratings were compared.

Results: Of the 120 responses, 89% of …

Examining The Influence Of Farmers' Market Managers’ Perceived Roles On Access To Healthful Foods For Low-Income Households And Business Opportunities For Small- And Moderate-Size Farms, Rachel K. Ward

Rachel K Ward

Farmers’ markets are increasingly promoted as mechanisms for improving access to healthful foods for low-income households, as they are relatively inexpensive to establish and they can provide affordable food for low-income households by offering Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer (SNAP/EBT). SNAP/EBT at markets also expands revenue opportunities for participating farmers. Market mangers provide a critical role in overseeing SNAP/EBT at markets and influencing business opportunities for farmers. Using a mixed-method approach, this study aimed to evaluate how managers’ motivations influence SNAP/EBT availability and participation at markets, and business opportunities for small- and moderate- sized farms. To develop a …

The Examination Of Healthy Eating Across Cultures: An Existential Phenomenological Approach, Sarah K. Simpson

Honors College Theses

Adhering to a healthy eating plan has been a topic of discussion across World regions. Moreover, Americans often attempt to mimic the eating habits of other regions of the world, such as the Mediterranean or Eastern Asia, in an attempt to live a long and healthy life. Satia et al., (2000) suggest that healthy eating perceptions can be influenced by food and beverage exposure, family norms, preparation methods, and geographic locations. Although this is the case, little research has been found which has examined healthy eating perceptions across regions from a qualitative perspective. Thus, the purpose of this study is …

Oxandrolone In Trauma Patients, Jane M. Gervasio, Roland N. Dickerson, Jessica Swearingen, Mary E.D. Yates, Ceaminia Yuen, Timothy C. Fabian, Martin A. Croce, Rex O. Brown

Jane M. Gervasio

Study Objective To determine the effect of oxandrolone administration on nutritional and clinical outcomes after multiple trauma. Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting. Level 1 trauma center in a university teaching hospital. Patients Sixty-two patients requiring enteral nutrition, 60 of whom completed the study. Intervention Patients were randomized to receive either oxandrolone 10 mg or placebo twice/day for a maximum of 28 days. Measurements and Main Results Total urinary nitrogen, prealbumin, nitrogen balance, total body water, and body cell mass were measured on day 1 of enteral nutrition and then at day 7, day 10, and study exit. Patients …

A Comparison Of Renal Phosphorus Regulation In Thermally-Injured And Multiple Trauma Patients Receiving Specialized Nutrition Support, Roland N. Dickerson, Jane M. Gervasio, Justin J. Sherman, Kenneth A. Kudsk, William L. Hickerson, Rex O. Brown

Jane M. Gervasio

To compare phosphorus intake and renal phosphorus regulation between thermally injured patients and multiple trauma patients, 40 consecutive critically ill patients, 20 with thermal injury and 20 with multiple trauma, who required enteral tube feeding were evaluated. Phosphorus intakes were recorded for 14 days from the initiation of tube feeding which was started 1 to 3 days post-injury. Serum for determination of phosphorus concentrations was collected at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of the study period. A 24-hour urine collection was obtained during the first and second weeks of nutrition support for urinary phosphorus excretion, fractional excretion of phosphorus, …

Nutrition In The Critically Ill Patient, Jane M. Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Critical illness presents with the classic response to stress, including hypermetabolism and increased catabolism, resulting in a negative energy and nitrogen balance. These harmful events initiate the immunological response, starting with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which, if not resolved, may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Furthermore, patients who do not develop early MODS manifest a compensation anti-inflammatory response syndrome, which suppresses immunity and predisposes the patient to sepsis, thereby ­increasing the risk of late MODS and ultimately death. The use of specialized nutrition support, including enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), has been initiated in an …

Anabolic Agents: Adjuncts To Nutrition Support, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

Anabolic agents as adjuncts to nutrition support therapy have been used to improve malnutrition and establish anabolism. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and anabolic steroids have been studied for their potential to reverse the catabolic process and promote anabolism. This paper reviews several anabolic agents and their possible role in nutrition support therapy.

Diet And Exercise Interventions Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Review And Call To Action, Garrett N. Coyan, Katherine M. Reeder

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been used for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) for approximately 50 years, and has been performed on millions of people globally. However, little is known about the impact of diet and exercise on long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone CABG surgery. Although clinical practice guidelines on the management of this patient population have been available for approximately 2 decades, evidence regarding secondary prevention behavioral interventions, lifestyle modifications and self-management to slow the progressive decline of CAD, reduce cardiac hospitalizations, and prevent reoperation remains virtually absent from the literature. Diet and …

Zutrition: Analyzing And Evaluating Diets Fed To Captive Mammals At Capron Park Zoo, Briell M. Dzierga

Senior Honors Projects

Zoos provide both experiential and educational opportunities for the general public to learn about animals found in a variety of habitats around the world. A successful zoo must provide a safe and enjoyable environment for the visitors, in addition to the species living within the enclosures. Animal husbandry and welfare are crucial aspects to which close attention must be paid, and zoos have a responsibility to attempt to approximate the captive species’ natural habitats and life histories. An essential part of maintaining a captive zoo animal’s health and wellbeing is providing the animal with an appropriate diet. In addition to …

Evaluation Of The Long Term Effectiveness Of The Nutrition Component Of The Fit Kids Of Arizona Program, Megann Dastrup

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The Fit Kids of Arizona program was created in 2009 to combat the childhood obesity epidemic in Northern Arizona. Fit Kids has been providing health education to overweight children and their families for the past five years. Research to validate the programs efforts has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the nutrition component of the Fit Kids of Arizona program. The study also aimed to analyze the changes in BMI percentile after program participation and to obtain program satisfaction comments from past participants. Through the research process it was realized that the data collection and …

Evaluation Of A Theory-Based Farm To School Program, Rebecca Kent Bishop

Master's Theses

Fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes in MS children remain lower than recommended. Theory-based, multi-component nutrition education interventions like Farm to School (F2S) target FV consumption and utilize such interventions to improve children’s dietary behaviors by incorporating nutrition and agriculture education. The current study was designed with Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its framework. An intervention was implemented to enhance beliefs, norms, and self-efficacy regarding FV, thus potentially increasing the intention to consume more FV. The research objectives of this study are to describe changes over the course of the intervention in (1) nutrition knowledge; (2) norms, beliefs, and self-efficacy …

Food, Meaning And Identity Among Aging Veterans At End Of Life, Cheryl Monturo, Neville E. Strumpf

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Factors Associated With Abnormal Weights In Infants In The First Year Of Life: Results From The 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, Nikaela R. Larossa

Honors Scholar Theses

Purpose: To examine the predictors associated with abnormal infant weights for lengths in the first year of life as seen in ambulatory care settings.

Data Sources: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), in which practitioners documented single patient visits. World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts and recommendations were used to evaluate infant weight for length. Of the total visits, 603 infants were less than one year old, and 595 infants were within the length range of the WHO growth charts. Of the 595 cases, 13.6% were underweight, 5.5% were overweight, 41.2% …

Portion Size Selection In Relation To Hemoglobin A1cs, Brian L. Dixon

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Obesity has been recognized as an increasing issue within our country. Obesity contributes to many health related issues, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Portion size is a factor that has generated clinical research interest. The aim of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between management of diabetes measured by hemoglobin A1c and portion size selection for type 2 diabetics. In this study, subjects selected portion sizes of four different foods. Data were compared to recent A1c levels. Due to the small sample size, nonparametric statistical analysis was used. The relationship of grain portion weight selection and …