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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Sexual Practices And Attitudes Of Street Youth In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Marcela Raffaelli, Regina Campos, Alice Payne Merritt, Eliana Siqueira, Carlos Mauricio Antunes, Richard Parker, Marilia Greco, Dirceu Greco, Neal Halsey, Elizabeth Bolt, Mauro Lucio Jeronymo, Carl Kendall, Zelia Ottoni, Jorge Andrade Pinto, Jon Rolf, Andrea Ruff, Walter Ude, Barbara De Zalduondo
Sexual Practices And Attitudes Of Street Youth In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Marcela Raffaelli, Regina Campos, Alice Payne Merritt, Eliana Siqueira, Carlos Mauricio Antunes, Richard Parker, Marilia Greco, Dirceu Greco, Neal Halsey, Elizabeth Bolt, Mauro Lucio Jeronymo, Carl Kendall, Zelia Ottoni, Jorge Andrade Pinto, Jon Rolf, Andrea Ruff, Walter Ude, Barbara De Zalduondo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Street youth are at risk of HIV infection worldwide. To develop effective prevention strategies, information about the meanings and functions of sexual activity for street youth is needed. In this paper, data from structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and field observations are used to build up a picture of the sexual culture of 9-to-18-year-olds living and/or working on the streets of a large Brazilian city. The findings reveal that these children and adolescents engage in sexual behavior that puts them at risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, and reinforce that sex is a multi-determined and entrenched behavior …
Pregnancy Prevention In Early Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective, Lisa J. Crockett, Joanne S. Chopak
Pregnancy Prevention In Early Adolescence: A Developmental Perspective, Lisa J. Crockett, Joanne S. Chopak
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Although there is widespread interest in preventing teenage pregnancy, few interventions have been directed toward young adolescents. In part this neglect is understandable because adolescents under age 15 account for only a small percentage of teenage pregnancies (Pittman & Adams, 1988). At the same time, the lack of attention to younger adolescents is unfortunate on several counts. First, an increasing number of young adolescents are at risk. Rates of sexual activity have been rising in this group (Hofferth, Kahn, & Baldwin, 1987) and, because young adolescents are typically not consistent or effective contraceptive users, an increasing number of girls are …
Epa's Map Of Radon Zones, Nebraska, Sharon W. White, Lisa Ratcliff, Kirk Maconaughey, R. Thomas Peake, Dave Rowson, Steve Page, Linda C. S. Gundersen, R. Randall Schumann, James K. Otton, Doug Owen, Russell Dubiel, Kendell Dickinson, Sandra L. Szarzi
Epa's Map Of Radon Zones, Nebraska, Sharon W. White, Lisa Ratcliff, Kirk Maconaughey, R. Thomas Peake, Dave Rowson, Steve Page, Linda C. S. Gundersen, R. Randall Schumann, James K. Otton, Doug Owen, Russell Dubiel, Kendell Dickinson, Sandra L. Szarzi
United States Environmental Protection Agency: Staff Publications
Sections 307 and 309 of the 1988 Indoor Radon Abatement Act (IRAA) direct EPA to identify areas of the United States that have the potential to produce elevated levels of radon. EPA, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Association of, American State Geologists (AASG) have worked closely over the past several years to produce a series of maps and documents which address these directives. The EPA Map of Radon Zones is a compilation of that work and fulfills the requirements of sections 307 and 309 of IRAA. The Map of Radon Zones identifies, on a county-by-county basis, areas of …
Father’S Presence And Young Children’S Behavioral And Cognitive Adjustment, Lisa J. Crockett, David J. Eggebeen, Alan J. Hawkins
Father’S Presence And Young Children’S Behavioral And Cognitive Adjustment, Lisa J. Crockett, David J. Eggebeen, Alan J. Hawkins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The impact of fathers on the development and well-being of their children has been the focus of much recent research and debate (e.g., Furstenberg, 1988; Hawkins & Eggebeen, 1991; Lamb, 1987). Traditionally, fathers have been assumed to play an important role in the socialization of their children and, consequently, father-absence has been hypothesized to result in a variety of cognitive and psychosocial vulnerabilities. The need to understand the influence of fathers becomes especially acute at a time when high rates of divorce and nonmarital childbearing lead to the prediction that the majority of children will experience some period of father-absence …
Immunocompromise In Gnotobiotic Pigs Induced By Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (O111:Nm), Jane Christopher-Hennings, Joann A. Willgohs, David H. Francis, Usha A. K. Raman, Rodney A. Moxley, David J. Hurley
Immunocompromise In Gnotobiotic Pigs Induced By Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (O111:Nm), Jane Christopher-Hennings, Joann A. Willgohs, David H. Francis, Usha A. K. Raman, Rodney A. Moxley, David J. Hurley
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
A verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O111:NM strain (strain 10049; verotoxin 1 positive) persistently infected experimentally inoculated gnotobiotic pigs, causing attaching-effacing intestinal lesions and chronic diarrhea. Experiments were performed to determine whether persistent infection might be associated with immunocompromise of the host by this organism. Pigs inoculated with this strain had a significant reduction in peripheral blood lymphocytes and lower antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes compared with control pigs. Compared with pigs given a verotoxin-negative pathogenic strain of the same serotype (O111:NM, strain 2430), pigs inoculated with the verotoxin-positive strain had lower peripheral lymphocyte counts and proliferative responses to concanavalin A, …
Early Adolescent Family Formation, Lisa J. Crockett
Early Adolescent Family Formation, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
In the United States, adolescent family formation has been considered a major social problem since the late 1970s. The sources of concern are multiple. First, teenage childbearing is associated with risks for the mother and her child, including health problems, reduced life chances, and a greater likelihood of living in poverty. Second, a large and increasing proportion of births to teenagers are nonmarital; this appears to compound these risks. Third, the rate of teenage childbearing in the United States far exceeds those in other Western, industrialized countries (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1986). The high rate of adolescent pregnancy in the United …
Rapid Assessment Of Drug Susceptibilities Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis By Means Of Luciferase Reporter Phages, William R. Jacobs Jr., Raul G. Barletta, Rupa Udani, John Chan, Gary Kalkut, Gabriel Sosne, Tobias Kieser, Gary J. Sarkis, Graham F. Hatfull, Barry R. Bloom
Rapid Assessment Of Drug Susceptibilities Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis By Means Of Luciferase Reporter Phages, William R. Jacobs Jr., Raul G. Barletta, Rupa Udani, John Chan, Gary Kalkut, Gabriel Sosne, Tobias Kieser, Gary J. Sarkis, Graham F. Hatfull, Barry R. Bloom
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Effective chemotherapy of tuberculosis requires rapid assessment of drug sensitivity because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility was assessed by a simple method based on the efficient production of photons by viable mycobacteria infected with specific reporter phages expressing the firefly luciferase gene. Light production was dependent on phage infection, expression of the luciferase gene, and the level of cellular adenosine triphosphate. Signals could be detected within minutes after infection of virulent M. tuberculosis with reporter phages. Culture of conventional strains with antituberculosis drugs, including isoniazid or rifampicin, resulted in extinction of light production. In contrast, …
Relations Between Social Skills And High-Risk Sexual Interactions Among Adolescents, Douglas W. Nangle, David J. Hansen
Relations Between Social Skills And High-Risk Sexual Interactions Among Adolescents, Douglas W. Nangle, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Researchers have begun to employ social-skills training in efforts to change the sexual behavior of adolescents. However, despite the promise of social-skills training, little is known about how social skills are related to the sexual practices of adolescents. The present article reviews the current literature and proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the relations between social skills and sexual behavior of adolescents by (a)examining the relationship between sexual activity and social skills, (b) examining the development of sexual-interaction skills and deficits, (c) summarizing what is currently known about the relations between social skills and sexual behavior, (d) discussing current issues …
A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Relationship Between Educational Investment And Adolescent Sexual Activity, Christine Mccauley Ohannessian, Lisa J. Crockett
A Longitudinal Investigation Of The Relationship Between Educational Investment And Adolescent Sexual Activity, Christine Mccauley Ohannessian, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The relation between educational investment and sexual behavior was examined longitudinally in a sample of 479 rural adolescents. Surveys were administered to the subjects twice—once when they were in the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades, and again 2 years later when they were in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades. Results indicated that among girls, educational investment predicted sexual activity, with academic grades in school significantly predicting reported frequency of sexual activity 2 years later. In contrast for boys, sexual involvement predicted later educational investment, particularly involvement in academic activities. These findings suggest different developmental patterns for boys and girls. …
Extending Continuous Versus Discontinuous Conditioned Stimuli Before Versus After Unconditioned Stimuli, Melody Albert, Sean Ricker, Rick A. Bevins, John J.B. Ayres
Extending Continuous Versus Discontinuous Conditioned Stimuli Before Versus After Unconditioned Stimuli, Melody Albert, Sean Ricker, Rick A. Bevins, John J.B. Ayres
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Conditioned suppression was used with rats to study the effects of extending conditioned stimuli (CSs) before versus after the delivery of unconditioned stimuli. These extensions are termed B and A extensions, respectively. Within-group designs were used to compare the effects of extending CSs when 2-min parts of those CSs were separated by temporal gaps of 6 min versus a separation of no gap. The results were as follows: (a) B extensions weakened conditioning more than did A extensions, with or without gaps; (b) under some conditions, this asymmetrical effect persisted with extended training; (c) gaps between 2-min parts of a …
Long-Term Consequences Of Childhood Physical Abuse, Robin Malinosky-Rummell, David J. Hansen
Long-Term Consequences Of Childhood Physical Abuse, Robin Malinosky-Rummell, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This article reviews the literature on the long-term consequences of childhood physical abuse. Empirical research is discussed within 7 topic areas: aggressive and violent behavior, nonviolent criminal behavior, substance abuse, self-injurious and suicidal behavior, emotional problems, interpersonal problems, and academic and vocational difficulties. The studies reviewed involve primarily adult populations, although pertinent findings from literature on children and adolescents are briefly summarized. Some variables that affect the relation between physical abuse and long-term consequences are examined. These moderator variables include maltreatment characteristics, individual factors, family factors, and environmental factors. The article ends with suggestions for future research on long-term consequences …
Detection Of Serum Antibody Responses In Cattle With Natural Or Experimental Neospora Infections, Patricia Conrad, Karen Sverlow, Mark Anderson, Joan Rowe, Robert Bondurant, Gwen Tuter, Richard Breitmeyer, California Department Of Food And Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Mark Thurmond, Alex Ardans, J. P. Dubey, Gerarld Duhamel, Bradd Barr
Detection Of Serum Antibody Responses In Cattle With Natural Or Experimental Neospora Infections, Patricia Conrad, Karen Sverlow, Mark Anderson, Joan Rowe, Robert Bondurant, Gwen Tuter, Richard Breitmeyer, California Department Of Food And Agriculture, Animal Health Branch, Mark Thurmond, Alex Ardans, J. P. Dubey, Gerarld Duhamel, Bradd Barr
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Parasite-specific antibody responses were detected using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test in cattle that were naturally or experimentally infected with Neospora parasites. The test was developed using Neospora tachyzoites isolated from an aborted bovine fetus and grown in bovine cell cultures (isolate BPA1). In all cases, infections were confirmed by the identification of Neospora tachyzoites and/or bradyzoite cysts in fetal or calf tissues using an immunoperoxidase test procedure. Fifty-five naturally infected cows that aborted Neospora-infected fetuses had titers of 320-5,120 at the time of abortion. The titer of 6 cows that were serologically monitored over a prolonged period decreased …
Preventive Interventions In Early Adolescence: Developmental And Contextual Challenges, Bonnie L. Barber, Lisa J. Crockett
Preventive Interventions In Early Adolescence: Developmental And Contextual Challenges, Bonnie L. Barber, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Adolescence today is broadly perceived as a more difficult and dangerous period than in previous decades. Those holding this view point to increases in teenage pregnancy and childbearing, sexually transmitted diseases, alcohol abuse, drug addiction, juvenile arrests, depression, and suicide as indicators of changing conditions. Although uncommon in childhood, these problems increase in early adolescence, and they can lead to greater likelihood of negative developmental trajectories. Because young adolescents are at the age when these issues are surfacing, they are a particularly important target group for interventions designed to prevent or delay the onset of negative behavior patterns (Crockett & …
“Sound” Alternatives To Visual Graphics For Exploratory Data Analysis, John H. Flowers, Terry A. Hauer
“Sound” Alternatives To Visual Graphics For Exploratory Data Analysis, John H. Flowers, Terry A. Hauer
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Efficient exploratory data analysis (EDA) maybe aided by succinct, but informative, graphical representations (e.g., Tukey plots) that convey information about central tendency, variability, and shape of distributions, and that permit detection of outliers. Using research strategies adapted from studies of cross-modal perceptual equivalence, we show how auditory analogies of such displays may offer an effective alternative to visual plots for EDA.
Exploiting Structural Differences Among Heteroduplex Molecules To Simplify Genotyping The Dqa1 And Dqb1 Alleles In Human Lymphocyte Typing, Peter A. Zimmerman, Mary Carrington, Thomas B. Nutman
Exploiting Structural Differences Among Heteroduplex Molecules To Simplify Genotyping The Dqa1 And Dqb1 Alleles In Human Lymphocyte Typing, Peter A. Zimmerman, Mary Carrington, Thomas B. Nutman
Public Health Resources
A novel approach to DNA probe hybridization and heteroduplex analysis, termed directed heteroduplex analysis (DHDA) is presented here to illustrate its utility in simplification of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)- typing. By strategic labeling of single-stranded probe sequences, DHDA allows the identification of specific heteroduplex structures that contribute to the differentiation of DQAI and DQB1 alleles. Because of the high degree of polymorphism among major histocompatibility complex class 11 second exon sequences, this analysis of 50 different heteroduplex molecules provides evidence of the importance of unpaired bases and mismatched base pairs and their effect on heteroduplex electrophoretic-mobility differences. This strategy is …
1993 Beef Cattle Report
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Cow-Calf • Forage Systems Using Sandhills Subirrigated Meadows and Range: Beef Production Traits • Forage Systems Using Sandhills Subirrigated Meadows and Range: Economic Analysis • High Quality Meadow Hay as a Winter Supplement for Gestating Beef Cows in the Sandhills of Nebraska • Heifers Sired by Bulls with Either High or Low EPD's for Marbling Do Not Differ in Age at Puberty • Synovex C Affects Growth, Reproduction, and Calving in Heifers • Synthetic Progestins Influence Secretion of Luteinizing and Timing of Ovulation • Level of Progesterone Influences Pregnancy Rate in Beef Cows and Heifers • Combination of Factors (Ratios) …
“Introduction” To Developmental Perspectives On Motivation, Janis Jacobs
“Introduction” To Developmental Perspectives On Motivation, Janis Jacobs
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This volume marks the 40th anniversary of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, and with it a renewed commitment to the Symposium's original focus on motivation. Although we may reemphasize the topic, it is clear that motivation, as an area of study, has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. Although motivation has remained an important theme, it has had to share the stage with other important topics as the field of psychology has expanded. In addition, the concept of motivation has been applied to many diverse areas, has been defined and measured in a variety of ways, and has been …
Infection With A Ratborne Hantavirus In Us Residents Is Consistently Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease, Gregory E. Glass, Alan J. Watson, James W. Leduc, Gabor D. Kelen, Thomas C. Quinn, James E. Childs
Infection With A Ratborne Hantavirus In Us Residents Is Consistently Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease, Gregory E. Glass, Alan J. Watson, James W. Leduc, Gabor D. Kelen, Thomas C. Quinn, James E. Childs
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
A survey of 8080 subjects was conducted in Baltimore, examining the association between infection with hantaviruses and renal disease. Two groups (N = 6060) with no known risk factors were selected to establish a baseline antibody prevalence. Overall, antibody prevalence was 0.25%. Seroprevalence increased with age, without sex- or race-related differences. Patients with proteinuria showed the same patterns of infection but were more commonly seropositive (1.46%) than the reference group( OR, 3.23; P < .05). Infection among dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease was 2.76%, significantly higher than in the reference group( OR, 5.03; P < .05). In the proteinuria and the dialysis groups, hantavirus infection was consistently associated with a diagnosis of hypertensive renal disease. The association was unrelated to other chronic renal disease diagnoses. Overall, 6.5% of patients with end-stage renal disease due to hypertension were seropositive for a hantavirus. These data suggest that hantavirus infection is associated with hypertensive renal disease.
Genetic Identificationo F A Hantavirusa Ssociated With An Outbreako F Acute Respiratoryi Llness, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Sergey Morzunov, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Heinz Feldmann, Anthony Sanchez, James E. Childs, Sherif Zaki, Clarence J. Peters
Genetic Identificationo F A Hantavirusa Ssociated With An Outbreako F Acute Respiratoryi Llness, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Sergey Morzunov, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Heinz Feldmann, Anthony Sanchez, James E. Childs, Sherif Zaki, Clarence J. Peters
Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease
A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.
Book Review: The Baculovirus Expression System: A Laboratory Guide (1992) King, L. A. & Possee, R. D., David D. Dunigan
Book Review: The Baculovirus Expression System: A Laboratory Guide (1992) King, L. A. & Possee, R. D., David D. Dunigan
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
The power of molecular biology is unleashed with the ability to clone and sequence genes, and then express these genes in heterologous systems. This sets the stage for the full analysis of proteins that are otherwise difficult to isolate and/or purify, especially when present at very low copy number per cell or when isolated from relatively precious materials. Overexpression of protein is now possible in a number of systems including prokaryotes (e.g., E. coli) and various eukaryotes (yeast, insects, and plants). The issue then becomes, which system (1) most closely reflects the homologous expression with respect to posttranslational modifications, …
Effect Of The General Anesthetic Halothane On The Activity Of The Transverse Tubule Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel, Troy Beeler, Kenneth Gable
Effect Of The General Anesthetic Halothane On The Activity Of The Transverse Tubule Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel, Troy Beeler, Kenneth Gable
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The effect of the general anesthetic halothane on the activity of the rat skeletal muscle Ca2+-activated K+ channel in planar lipid bilayers was investigated. Halothane concentrations in the clinical range (1.0-0.2 mM) alter the regulation of the channel by both Ca2+ and membrane potential. At Ca2+ concentrations between 10 and 250 µM and membrane potentials between 0 and -30 mV, halothane significantly decreases the open state probability without changing the channel conductance. The results demonstrate that halothane can act directly on the Ca2+-activated K+ channel or its lipid environment to alter the …