Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Can Animals Contract?, John Enman-Beech

Animal Studies Journal

Animals are, or are like persons, and so should not be treated as mere property. But persons are not just non-property; they are contractors. They interact with property and with other persons. This article analyses the possibilities for a range of animals to fit within market liberal society as contractors from a legal disciplinary perspective. Some animals are capable of contract-like relationships of reciprocal exchange, and can consent, in a certain sense, to parts of such relationships. However, the dangers of the contractual frame, which is used to legitimate exploitation, may exceed the benefits. Some scholars have begun to explore …

The Mouse Colony, Katerina Tsiopos

Animal Studies Journal

The Mouse Colony

“Why Should The Fish Feel Safe? I Don’T Feel Safe!”: An Audit Of Pet Ownership Within An Nhs Service For Adults With Severe Mental Illness, With Lessons For Service Improvement, Abigail Alfrey, Steve Church, Niki Christodoulou, Emma Harding

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Background—Several studies have identified that pets can promote mental health, wellness, and recovery. However, little is known about the impact of pet ownership upon those with a severe mental illness (SMI), or whether mental health services are offering sufficient support that is specific to the needs of pet-owning service users. Aims—To identify the proportion of pet owners among an urban, U.K.-based community psychosis service; and to elicit service users’ views on pet ownership, to better understand and support this population’s particular needs. Method—The proportion of pet owners among this sample (n = 212) was compared with U.K. population data …

Mutual Rescue: Disabled Animals And Their Caretakers, Lynda Birke, Lori Gruen

Animal Studies Journal

In this paper, we explore how caretakers experience living with disabled companion animals. Drawing on interviews, as well as narratives on websites and other support groups, we examine ways in which caretakers describe the lives of animals they live with, and their various disabilties. The animals were mostly dogs, plus a few cats, with a range of physical disabilities; almost all had been rehomed, often from places specializing in homing disabled animals.

Three themes emerged from analysis of these texts: first, respondents drew heavily on the common narrative of disabled individuals as heroes, often noted in disability rights literature – …

Empathy, Animals, And Deadly Vices, Kathie Jenni

Animal Studies Journal

In Deadly Vices, Gabriele Taylor provides a secular analysis of vices which in Christian theology were thought to bring death to the soul: sloth, envy, avarice, pride, anger, lust, and gluttony. She argues that these vices are appropriately singled out and grouped together in that ‘they are destructive of the self and prevent its flourishing’. Using a related approach, I offer a secular analysis of gluttony and cowardice, examining their roles in common failures to empathise with animals. I argue that these vices constitute serious moral failings, for they enable continuing complicity in animal abuse and undermine integrity. While Taylor …

Trends In The Clinical Use Of Antibiotics In A Veterinary Hospital In Nigeria, 2013 –2017, Thelma Ebele Ihedioha, Isaac Uzoma Asuzu, John Anaelom Nwanta

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was a retrospective survey that evaluated the trend of clinical use and misuse of antibiotics on animals presented for veterinary care at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, from January 2013 to December 2017. A total of 4851 case files were evaluated and, overall, antibiotics were used in 2316 cases (47.74%). The most frequently used antibiotics were a penicillin-streptomycin combination (36.53%), oxytetracycline (32.08%), gentamicin (19.78%) and sulphadimidine (5.35%); the frequency of use of other antibiotics was each less than 5%. The overall use of antibiotics increased significantly (p<0.05) across the study period, from 35.25% in 2013 to 52.38% in2016. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the frequency of use of oxytetracycline (11.55% in 2013 to 40.31% in 2016) and sulphadimidine (0.8% in 2013 to 12.98% in 2017), but the frequency of penicillin-streptomycin use significantly (p<0.01) decreased from 74.5% in 2013 to 23.13% in 2017. The frequency of inappropriate use of antibiotics significantly (p<0.01) increased from 4.38% (2013) to 25.29% (2017), while that of non-compliance rose significantly (p<0.01) from 15.54% (2013) to 41.88% (2016).The frequency of use of antibiotics without definitive diagnosis/sensitivity testing was consistently high and did not significantly (p>0.05) vary across the study period (85.49% to …

Animals In Drama And Theatrical Performance: Anthropocentric Emotionalism, Peta Tait

Animal Studies Journal

This article outlines how nonhuman animals are framed by the emotions of drama, theatre and contemporary performance and considers a distinctive tradition in western culture of enacting animal characters who function as surrogate humans. It argues that, contradictorily, while animal characters confirm anthropocentric emotionalism, drama also contains pro-animal values and concern for animal welfare. Animals embodying emotions in theatrical languages are part of the way animals are used in the traditions of western culture and to think and philosophize with, but they also indicate thinking about the emotions in theatrical performance. The article considers if, however, staging living animals can …

Impact Of Ph On The Activity Of Co-Used Antimicrobials Against Resistant Escherichia Colistrains Of Animal Origin, Murat Cengi̇z, Gülçe Hepbostanci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, combination antimicrobial therapy, due to its higher potential against resistant bacteria, was evaluated for the inhibition of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains. The influence of pH as an environmental variable on the activity of antimicrobial combinations was evaluated by calculating the factional concentration indexes at pH values 5.0, 6.0, 7.3, and 8.0. The highest synergistic activity rates of ceftriaxone + colistin, danofloxacin + colistin, danofloxacin + ceftiofur, and ceftiofur + gentamicin combinations were 50%, 33%, 100%, and 50%, respectively measured at ≥7.3 pH. The lowest synergistic activity rates for all combinations were observed at the acidic pH values …

Rethinking Animal Agriculture: A Principlist Approach, Miranda S. Eisen 3412335

Sound Decisions: An Undergraduate Bioethics Journal

Engrained in the mindless routines of our daily lives, we believe our consumer choices do not matter. But participating in the animal industrial complex through the purchase and consumption of meat, dairy and eggs generates significant bioethical issues that warrant exploration and discussion. This paper examines the moral rights of animals, poor ethical justification of animal consumption, and extreme ramifications of the animal agricultural system within the framework of principlism. By analyzing the moral position of animal consumption in the bioethical context of utility, autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice, the corrupt nature of animal agribusiness is revealed and plant-based living …

High Level Fluoroquinolone Resistance In Escherichia Coli Isolatedfrom Animals In Turkey Is Due To Multiple Mechanisms, Pinar Şahi̇ntürk, Erdem Arslan, Esra Büyükcangaz, Songül Sonal, Ayşi̇n Şen, Fi̇gen Ersoy, Mark A. Webber, Laura Jv. Piddock, Murat Cengi̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in E. Coli isolated from cattle, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs in Turkey. Twenty nonreplicate E. Coli isolates (chosen on the basis of RAPD pattern) from food-producing animals were selected for the study. To identify phenotypic differences between isolates, the sum of the MIC values of 14 antimicrobials was calculated; values ranged from 565 to 2520 μg/mL, indicating the diversity in antimicrobial resistance present in the panel of isolates. PCR and qRT-PCR were used to characterize the presence and expression levels of known molecular mechanisms of …

Radionuclide Exposure In Animals And The Public Health Implications, Roseline Yemisi Olobatoke, Manny Mathuthu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Living tissues are usually exposed to varying degrees of radiation from natural and manmade radioactive substances. Depending on the type of radiation emitted and rate and dose of absorption, all radioactive substances are potentially hazardous. Previous researches on the biological effects of radiation as well as preventive measures have focused on human subjects, being the most radiosensitive species. However, exposure of animals to ionizing irradiation may negatively influence their production performance, resulting in some level of economic loss. In addition, many food animals may represent a significant pathway for transfer of radionuclides to humans, thereby adding to the exposure burden. …

Staff Views On The Involvement Of Animals In Care Home Life: An Exploratory Study, Jane Fossey, Vanessa Lawrence

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This qualitative study examined the views of one hundred and eight care staff working in fifteen care homes in the United Kingdom about the involvement Of animals in the care practices of the home. The perceived benefits and difficulties ofdelivering person-centered and psychosocial care, including the involvement of animals were explored. The findings describe the main themes related to animal involvement elicited from staff. These include the benefits to residents' well-being and the varying challenges that visiting and residential animals pose. The implicationsfor practice are discussed and the need for clearer information for care home teams is identified.

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Intoxication In Animals – A Review, Ivan Valchev, Rumen Binev, Veska Yordanova, Yordan Nikolov

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The newest measures for the control of harmful rodent populations are from the anticoagulant rodenticide group, which are divided into 2 subgroups: first and second generations, and indandione derivatives. Non-target organisms are potentially at risk of direct consumption of baits (primary hazard) and of eating poisoned rodents (secondary hazard). Anticoagulant rodenticides inhibit the enzyme vitamin K-dependent carboxylase and thus impair the reactivation of vitamin K1, indirectly affecting physiological blood coagulation. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical signs (massive hemorrhages), laboratory findings, and especially the changes in coagulation markers (APTT, PT, TT, PCT, ACT, FDPs, and PIVKA). The …

Determination Of Some Virulence Factors In Staphylococcus Spp. Isolated From Various Clinical Samples, Süheyla Türkyilmaz, Osman Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of this study were to identify staphylococci isolated from different animal clinical samples, to examine some of the virulence factors in the isolates, to determine relationships between these virulence factors and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CoPS)/coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) strains. A total of 180 strains of Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from bovine mastitis, dogs with otitis externa and chickens with various infections. The isolates were identified as S. aureus (29.4%), S. hyicus (16.7%), S. intermedius (3.9%), S. chromogenes (16.1%), S. lentus (13.3%), S. epidermidis (11.1%), S. simulans (7.8%) and S. haemolyticus (1.7%). The rate of positiveness for deoxyribonuclease (DNase) …