Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Narrative Review Of Potential Treatment Strategies For Food Addiction, Shae-Leigh C. Vella, Nagesh B. Pai

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The concept of food addiction (FA) remains controversial with research being in the nascent stages; FA like any addiction can have a devastating impact on the lives of those afflicted. There exists a clinical need for treatment strategies for those affected. This article reviews potential treatment strategies for FA. The treatment strategies target four core behaviours of the addiction phenotype specifically craving through the opioid system, impulsivity as a personality trait, compulsivity through the serotonergic system and lastly motivation through the dopaminergic system. A range of pharmacological and psychological interventions are reviewed. Future research should seek to test and validate …

The 14Th Century Religious Women Margery Kempe And Catherine Of Siena Can Still Teach Us Lessons About Eating Disorders Today, Isabella Sukkar, Madeleine Gagan, Warren Kealy-Bateman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Women today more commonly suffer the morbidity and mortality of eating disorders. Looking through the dual prisms of historical accounts and modern theory the authors examined the meaning of eating disturbance in two cases from the late Middle Ages. The historic role of women and food is explored. Method: Widely reviewing historical sources and the current academic literature, we gathered data and considered two women, Margery Kempe and Catherine of Siena. They were empowered by their roles as religious mystics, and drew strength from suffering, distress and fasting. We briefly examined them in the context of modern diagnostic and …

Stratospheric Ozone Intrusion Events And Their Impacts On Tropospheric Ozone In The Southern Hemisphere, Jesse Greenslade, Simon P. Alexander, Robyn Schofield, Jenny A. Fisher, Andrew K. Klekociuk

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) provides an important natural source of ozone to the upper troposphere, but the characteristics of STT events in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics and their contribution to the regional tropospheric ozone budget remain poorly constrained. Here, we develop a quantitative method to identify STT events from ozonesonde profiles. Using this method we estimate the seasonality of STT events and quantify the ozone transported across the tropopause over Davis (69° S, 2006-2013), Macquarie Island (54° S, 2004-2013), and Melbourne (38° S, 2004-2013). STT seasonality is determined by two distinct methods: a Fourier bandpass filter of the vertical ozone profile …

Surfing The 3d Printing Wave: The Changing Face Of Surfboard Fin Production, Marc In Het Panhuis, Andrew T. Warren, Buyung Kosasih, Christopher R. Gibson, Stephen T. Beirne, Julie R. Steele

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

To catch a sweet ride, surfers rely heavily on two things: the waves, and their board. Surfers can order surfboards that are customised to their needs, or choose from a range of pre-made boards, with little difference in cost. When it comes to surfboard fins, however, it's a different story. Fins are aerodynamic foils that act like rudders while surfing, usually attached to the rear bottom of the surfboard. Fins were once permanently glassed into the board, but these days almost all boards have a removable fin system. Manufacturers of removable fin systems make exceptional products, but the current manufacturing …

A Web-Based Public Health Intervention To Reduce Functional Impairment And Depressive Symptoms In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (The Springboard Trial): Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol, Judy G. Proudfoot, Janine Clarke, Jane Gunn, Susan Fletcher, Samineh Sanatkar, Kay Wilhelm, Lesley V. Campbell, Nicholas Arnold Zwar, Mark Fort Harris, Helen Lapsley, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic, Helen Christensen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Depressive symptoms are common in people with type 2 diabetes and contribute to adverse health consequences that substantially impact social and vocational function. Despite the existence of effective depression treatments, the majority of people with type 2 diabetes do not access these when needed. Web-based alternatives to more traditional psychotherapies offer a potential solution to reducing the personal and economic burdens of type 2 diabetes. Objective: This paper outlines the protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of myCompass, a Web-based public health psychotherapy intervention, in people with type 2 diabetes. Fully automated, interactive, and delivered via the Internet …

Effectiveness Of Group Reminiscence Therapy For People Living With Dementia In A Day Care Centers In Taiwan, Hui Chen Chang, Hui-Wen Chien

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective To explore as a pilot study the effects of group reminiscence therapy upon depression of people living with dementia within dementia-specific day care centers.

Method A unique pre-test-post-test, quasi-experimental design counterbalanced with a qualitative grounded theory video analysis of facial expression and behavior was used to measure the effects of group reminiscence therapy. The study recruited 21 participants in total from two dementia-specific day care centers.

Results The findings highlighted improvements in depression, communication, and positive mood after group reminiscence intervention. The results also showed that participants scored higher on average during the Chinese New Year and marriage reminiscence …

Virtual Histological Assessment Of The Prenatal Life History And Age At Death Of The Upper Paleolithic Fetus From Ostuni (Italy), Alessia Nava, Alfredo Coppa, Donato Coppola, Lucia Mancini, Diego Dreossi, Franco Zanini, Federico Bernardini, Claudio Tuniz, Luca Bondioli

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to explore the prenatal biological parameters, and to reconstruct the possible patho-biography, of a fetus (and its mother) in an Upper Paleolithic context. Phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography imaging of two deciduous tooth crowns and microfocus CT measurements of the right hemimandible of the Ostuni 1b fetus were performed at the SYRMEP beamline and at the TomoLab station of the Elettra - Sincrotrone laboratory (Trieste, Italy) in order to refine age at death and to report the enamel developmental history and dental tissue volumes for …

Validation Of Gosat Swir Xco2 And Xch4 Retrieved By Ppdf-S Method And Comparison With Full Physics Method, Chisa Iwasaki, Ryoichi Imasu, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Yukio Yoshida, Isamu Morino, Sergey Oshchepkov, Debra Wunch, David W. T Griffith, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Voltaire A. Velazco

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Column-averaged concentrations of carbon dioxide (XCO₂) and methane (XCH₄) were retrieved from spectra observed by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) using the so-called Photon path length Probability Density Function-Simultaneous (PPDF-S) retrieval method, which explains cloud/aerosol effects in terms of light path modification. The PPDF-S data, as well as the standard products for General Users (GU) of XCO₂ and XCH₄ retrieved using the full physics (FP) method, were validated through comparison with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data. Results show that bias and its standard deviation of XCO₂ over the land are …

Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas From Sumba, Indonesia: Implications For Wallacean Biogeography And Evolution, Samuel Turvey, Jennifer Crees, James Hansford, Timothy Jeffree, Nick Crumpton, Iwan Kurniawan, Erick Setiyabudi, Thomas Guillerme, Umbu Paranggarimu, Anthony Dosseto, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Historical patterns of diversity, biogeography and faunal turnover remain poorly understood for Wallacea, the biologically and geologically complex island region between the Asian and Australian continental shelves. A distinctive Quaternary vertebrate fauna containing the small-bodied hominin Homo floresiensis, pygmy Stegodon proboscideans, varanids and giant murids has been described from Flores, but Quaternary faunas are poorly known from most other Lesser Sunda Islands. We report the discovery of extensive new fossil vertebrate collections from Pleistocene and Holocene deposits on Sumba, a large Wallacean island situated less than 50 km south of Flores. A fossil assemblage recovered from a Pleistocene deposit at …

Seasonal Total Methane Depletion In Limestone Caves, Chris Waring, S Hankin, David W. T Griffith, Michael Kertesz, Victoria Kobylski, Neil Wilson, Nicholas Coleman, Graham C. Kettlewell, Robert Zlot, Michael Bosse, Graham Bell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Methane concentration in caves is commonly much lower than the external atmosphere, yet the cave CH₄ depletion causal mechanism is contested and dynamic links to external diurnal and seasonal temperature cycles unknown. Here, we report a continuous 3-year record of cave methane and other trace gases in Jenolan Caves, Australia which shows a seasonal cycle of extreme CH₄ depletion, from ambient ∼1,775 ppb to near zero during summer and to ∼800 ppb in winter. Methanotrophic bacteria, some newly-discovered, rapidly consume methane on cave surfaces and in external karst soils with lifetimes in the cave of a few hours. …

Activity Of A Novel Protonophore Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Nagendran Tharmalingam, Elamparithi Jayamani, Rajmohan Rajamuthiah, Dawilmer Castillo, Beth Fuchs, Michael J. Kelso, Eleftherios Mylonakis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim: Compound 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-2-buten-1-one (compound 1) was identified as a hit against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain MW2.

Methods & results: The MIC of compound 1 against MRSA was 4 μg/ml. The compound showed enhanced activity at acidic pH by lowering bacterial intracellular pH and exhibited no lysis of human red blood cells at up to 64 μg/ml and its IC₅₀ against HepG2 cells was 32 μg/ml. The compound reduced 1-log₁₀ colony forming units of intracellular MRSA in macrophages and prolonged the survival of MRSA-infected Caenorhabditis elegans (p = 0.0015) and Galleria mellonella (p = 0.0002). …

Enhancing The Get Healthy Information And Coaching Service For Aboriginal Adults: Evaluation Of The Process And Impact Of The Program, Eleanor G. Quinn, Blythe J. O'Hara, Nageen Ahmed, Scott F. Winch, Brian Mcgill, D Banovic, Michelle Maxwell, Christopher Rissel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Non-communicable chronic diseases in Australia contribute to approximately 85% of the total burden of disease; this proportion is greater for Aboriginal communities. The Get Healthy Service (GHS) is effective at reducing lifestyle-based chronic disease risk factors among adults and was enhanced to facilitate accessibility and ensure Aboriginal cultural appropriateness. The purpose of this study is to detail how formative research with Aboriginal communities was applied to guide the development and refinement of the GHS and referral pathways; and to assess the reach and impact of the GHS (and the Aboriginal specific program) on the lifestyle risk factors of Aboriginal …

Habitat Fragmentation Leads To Reduced Pollinator Visitation, Fruit Production And Recruitment In Urban Mangrove Forests, Tyge D. Hermansen, Todd E. Minchinton, David J. Ayre

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Mangrove forests worldwide undergo anthropogenic fragmentation that may threaten their existence, and yet there have been few tests of the effects of fragmentation on demographic processes critical for mangrove regeneration. Predicting the effects of habitat fragmentation on mangroves is problematic as pollinators may move more freely across water than terrestrial habitat, and propagules can be widely dispersed by water. Here, within each of two estuaries, we compared pollinator diversity and activity, reproductive effort and output, and rates of recruitment for sets of three large ( > 1500 trees), medium (300-500) and small ( < 50) stands. As predicted, most measures of reproductive activity and success were inversely related to stand size with large stands typically producing significantly more and larger fruit, and significantly more seedlings. Most strikingly, we found the effect of fragmentation on the abundance of pollinators (honeybees), the production and quality of fruit and the survival rate of seedlings to be similar, showing significant reduction of recruitment in small stands. This study provides the first rigorous evidence that recruitment of mangroves, like for many terrestrial plants, is negatively impacted by habitat fragmentation. From a management perspective, we argue that in the short term our data imply the importance of conserving the largest possible stands. However, additional work is needed to determine (1) the proportion of recruits within small stands that originate within large stands, (2) how seedling performance varies with fruit size and genotype, and (3) how seedling size and performance vary with the abundance and diversity of pollen.

The Effect Of Dietary Antioxidants And Exercise Training On The Escape Performance Of Southern Corroboree Frogs, Emma Mcinerney, Phillip G. Byrne, Aimee J. Silla

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Escape-response behaviour is essential to ensure an individual's survival during a predator attack, however, these behaviours are energetically costly and may cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be reduced by supplementing an individual's diet with exogenous antioxidants or through regular moderate exercise training, which stimulates the upregulation of the endogenous antioxidant system. Two studies have tested the simultaneous effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation and exercise training on animal escape-response behaviour. The present study investigated the effects of dietary carotenoids and exercise training on the escape-response behaviour of Southern Corroboree frogs. Frogs were fed either a carotenoid-supplemented or unsupplemented diet and …

Extensive Analysis Of Native And Non-Native Centaurea Solstitialis L. Populations Across The World Shows No Traces Of Polyploidization, Ramona Irimia, Daniel Montesinos, Ozkan Eren, Christopher Lortie, Kris French, Lohengrin Cavieres, Gaston Sotes, Jose Hierro, Andreia Jorge, Joao Loureiro

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle, Asteraceae) is a Eurasian native plant introduced as an exotic into North and South America, and Australia, where it is regarded as a noxious invasive. Changes in ploidy level have been found to be responsible for numerous plant biological invasions, as they are involved in trait shifts critical to invasive success, like increased growth rate and biomass, longer life-span, or polycarpy. C. solstitialis had been reported to be diploid (2n=2x=D16 chromosomes), however, actual data are scarce and sometimes contradictory. We determined for the first time the absolute nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and estimated …

The Contribution Of Area-Level Walkability To Geographic Variation In Physical Activity: A Spatial Analysis Of 95,837 Participants From The 45 And Up Study Living In Sydney, Australia, Darren J. Mayne, Geoffrey Morgan, Bin B. Jalaludin, Adrian E. Bauman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Individual-level studies support a positive relation between walkable built environments and participation in moderate-intensity walking. However, the utility of this evidence for population-level planning is less clear as it is derived at much finer spatial scales than those used for regional programming. The aims of this study were to: evaluate if individual-level relations between walkability and walking to improve health manifest at population-level spatial scales; assess the specificity of area-level walkability for walking relative to other moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA); describe geographic variation in walking and other MVPA; and quantify the contribution of walkability to this …

Transitioning Into New Clinical Areas Of Practice: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Grant Kinghorn, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Terence John Froggatt, Stuart Dm Thomas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims and objectives: To critically synthesise research related to the transition of registered nurses into new areas of clinical practice.

Background: Global workforce shortages and rising healthcare demands have encouraged registered nurses to move into new clinical settings. While a body of literature reports on the transition of newly qualified nurses, evidence surrounding the transition of more experienced registered nurses to new clinical areas remains poorly explored.

Design: An integrative review was conducted, guided by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 2005, 546) framework.

Methods: An electronic database search was conducted for papers published between 1996-2016. Papers were …

Graduating Work-Ready Professionals: Research Competency As A Critical Curriculum Component, Kathryn M. Weston, Judy Mullan, Warren C. Rich, Shelley P. Crowther, John A. Bushnell, Peter L. Mclennan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Research skills are fundamental to the building of the evidence basis of professional practice, are at the core of lifelong professional learning and are the keys to discovery, innovation and knowledge transfer. Research competency is thus increasingly recognised as an important educational goal for graduates in many professions. This paper describes a flexible program, adaptable to any professional course of study that allows students to engage in meaningful, scholarly and authentic research. Students are supported to undertake a research activity that spans the research continuum from development of a research question through to dissemination of findings, and strategic points in-between.

The Impact Of N, N′-Ditopic Ligand Length And Geometry On The Structures Of Zinc-Based Mixed-Linker Metal-Organic Frameworks, Andrew D. Burrows, Siobhan Chan, William Gee, Mary F. Mahon, Christopher Richardson, Viorica Sebestyen, Domenyk Turski, Mark Warren

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Combining Zn(NO₃)₂·6H 2 O with a series of dicarboxylic acids in the presence of the N,N′-ditopic ligand di(4-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole (Hdpp) results in a series of mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that have been crystallographically characterised. The reaction with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H₂bdc) gives [Zn₂bdc)₂(Hdpp)₂]·2DMF 1, which shows Zn₂(μ-carboxylate)₂(carboxylate)₂ secondary building units (SBUs) linked by bdc ligands into sheets, and these are pillared by the Hdpp linkers into a doubly-interpenetrated three-dimensional network. The reaction with 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (H₂ndc-1,4) gives two products: [Zn …

Phenomenography: Alignment With Personal Recovery In Mental Health Nursing, Natalie A. Cutler, Lorna Moxham, Moira Stephens

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

For more than four decades, people with lived experience of mental health concerns have been redefining the concept of recovery. No longer just synonymous with cure, recovery is understood in contemporary terms as a personal journey; a process. This process is known as personal recovery. A desire to work in alignment with the principles of personal recovery, while exploring the ways in which the phenomenon of safety is understood by people who have experienced acute mental health inpatient admission, led the authors to apply the research approach known as phenomenography. The aim of this paper is to propose the ways …

Role Of Cys(I)-Cys(Iii) Disulfide Bond On The Structure And Activity Of Α-Conotoxins At Human Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Nargis Tabassum, Han Shen Tae, Xinying Jia, Quentin Kaas, Tao Jiang, David J. Adams, Rilei Yu

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

α-Conotoxins preferentially antagonize muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Native α-conotoxins have two disulfide links, C_I-C_III and C_II-C_IV, and owing to the inherent properties of disulfide bonds, α-conotoxins have been systematically engineered to improve their chemical and biological properties. In this study, we explored the possibility of simplifying the disulfide framework of α-conotoxins Vc1.1, BuIA, ImI, and AuIB, by introducing [C2H,C8F] modification to the C_I-C_III bond. We therefore explored the possibility of using hydrophobic packing of standard amino acid side chains to replace disulfide bonds as an alternative strategy to …

The Feasibility And Acceptability Of Nurse-Led Chronic Disease Management Interventions In Primary Care: An Integrative Review, Catherine Stephen, Susan Mcinnes, Elizabeth J. Halcomb

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims: To explore the feasibility and acceptability of nurse-led chronic disease management and lifestyle risk factor reduction interventions in primary care (general practice/family practice).

Background: Growing international evidence suggests that interventions delivered by primary care nurses can assist in modifying lifestyle risk factors and managing chronic disease. To date, there has been limited exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of such interventions.

Design: Integrative review guided by the work of Whittemore and Knafl (2005).

Data Sources: Database search of CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science was conducted to identify relevant literature published between 2000-2015.

Review Methods …

An Update On Ozone Profile Trends For The Period 2000 To 2016, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Lucien Froidevaux, Ryan Fuller, Ray Wang, John Anderson, Chris Roth, Adam E. Bourassa, Doug A. Degenstein, Robert Damadeo, Joe M. Zawodny, Nicholas B. Jones

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and from ground-based data measured by four techniques at stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant ozone increases in the upper stratosphere, between 35 and 48 km altitude (5 and 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), ozone has been increasing by about 1.5 % per decade in the tropics (20° S to 20° N), and by 2 to 2.5 % per decade in the 35 to 60° latitude bands of both hemispheres. At levels below 35 km …

Seeing Through The Magnetite: Reassessing Eoarchean Atmosphere Composition From Isua (Greenland) ≥3.7 Ga Banded Iron Formations, Allen Phillip Nutman, Vickie C. Bennett, Clark R. L Friend

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Estimates of early atmosphere compositions from metamorphosed banded iron formations (BIFs) including the well-studied ≥3.7 BIFs of the Isua supracrustal belt (Greenland) are dependent on knowledge of primary versus secondary Fe-mineralogical assemblages. Using new observations from locally well preserved domains, we interpret that a previously assumed primary redox indicator mineral, magnetite, is secondary after sedimentary Fe-clays (probably greenalite) ± carbonates. Within ∼3.7 Ga Isua BIF, pre-tectonic nodules of quartz + Fe-rich amphibole ± calcite reside in a fine-grained (≤100 μm) quartz + magnetite matrix. We interpret the Isua nodule amphibole as the metamorphosed equivalent of primary Fe-rich clays, armoured from …

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (Oco-2) Tracks 2-3 Peta-Gram Increase In Carbon Release To The Atmosphere During The 2014-2016 El Niño, Prabir K. Patra, David Crisp, Johannes W. Kaiser, Debra Wunch, Tazu Saeki, Kazuhito Ichii, Takashi Sekiya, Paul O. Wennberg, Dietrich G. Feist, David F. Pollard, David W. T Griffith, Voltaire A. Velazco

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The powerful El Niño event of 2015-2016 - the third most intense since the 1950s - has exerted a large impact on the Earth's natural climate system. The column-averaged CO₂ dry-air mole fraction (XCO₂) observations from satellites and ground-based networks are analyzed together with in situ observations for the period of September 2014 to October 2016. From the differences between satellite (OCO-2) observations and simulations using an atmospheric chemistry-transport model, we estimate that, relative to the mean annual fluxes for 2014, the most recent El Niño has contributed to an excess CO₂ emission from the Earth's …

Outcomes Of 23- And 24-Weeks Gestation Infants In Wellington, New Zealand: A Single Centre Experience, Mary J. Berry, Maria Saito-Benz, Clint Gray, Rebecca M. Dyson, Paula Dellabarca, Stefan Ebmeier, David Foley, Dawn Elder, Vaughan Richardson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Optimal perinatal care of infants born less than 24 weeks gestation remains contentious due to uncertainty about the long-term neurodevelopment of resuscitated infants. Our aim was to determine the short-term mortality and major morbidity outcomes from a cohort of inborn infants born at 23 and 24 weeks gestation and to assess if these parameters differed significantly between infants born at 23 vs. 24 weeks gestation. We report survival rates at 2-year follow-up of 22/38 (58%) at 23 weeks gestation and 36/60 (60%) at 24 weeks gestation. Neuroanatomical injury at the time of discharge (IVH ≥ Grade 3 and/or PVL) occurred …

Sperm Motility Activation In The Critically Endangered Booroolong Frog: The Effect Of Medium Osmolality And Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Aimee J. Silla, Leesa Keogh, Phillip G. Byrne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Effective activation of sperm motility is fundamental to successful artificial fertilisation; however, studies investigating optimal procedures in amphibians are lacking. This study found the optimal osmolality of activation media for sperm motility activation and evaluated the effect of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on sperm activation and longevity in the critically endangered booroolong frog, Litoria booroolongensis. To assess the effect of medium osmolality (10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mOsmol kg−1) and PDE inhibitors (control, 2.5 mM caffeine, 5 mM caffeine, 2.5 mM pentoxifylline, 5 mM pentoxifylline, 2.5 mM theophylline and 5 mM theophylline) on initial activation, percentage sperm motility and …

New Zealand Supereruption Provides Time Marker For The Last Glacial Maximum In Antarctica, Nelia Dunbar, Nels Iverson, Alexa Van Eaten, Michael Sigl, Brent V. Alloway, Andrei Kurbatov, Larry Mastin, Joseph R. Mcconnell, Colin Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Multiple, independent time markers are essential to correlate sediment and ice cores from the terrestrial, marine and glacial realms. These records constrain global paleoclimate reconstructions and inform future climate change scenarios. In the Northern Hemisphere, sub-visible layers of volcanic ash (cryptotephra) are valuable time markers due to their widespread dispersal and unique geochemical fingerprints. However, cryptotephra are not as widely identified in the Southern Hemisphere, leaving a gap in the climate record, particularly during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we report the first identification of New Zealand volcanic ash in Antarctic ice. The Oruanui supereruption from Taupo volcano (25,580 …

Correspondence: Reply To 'Numerical Modelling Of The Perm Anomaly And The Emeishan Large Igneous Province', Nicolas Flament, Simon E. Williams, R. Dietmar Muller, Michael Gurnis, Dan J. Bower

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Tectonic plates and plate boundaries migrate substantially through time and mantle plumes are generally accepted to be mobile within the convecting mantle, but it has been proposed that large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) could have been fixed and rigid for as much as 540 million years (Myr) The hypotheses of fixed and rigid LLSVPs cannot be easily tested in the absence of constraints on the past location of lowermost mantle structures. We evaluated the hypothesis of lower mantle thermochemical structure fixity with numerical experiments. As in earlier studies, we argue11 that the location of lower mantle thermochemical structures has …

Exploring Hominin And Non-Hominin Primate Dental Fossil Remains With Neutron Microtomography, Clement Zanolli, Burkhard Schillinger, Amelie Beaudet, Ottmar Kullmer, Roberto Macchiarelli, Lucia Mancini, Friedemann Schrenk, Claudio Tuniz, Vladimira Vodopivec

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Fossil dental remains are an archive of unique information for paleobiological studies. Computed microtomography based on X-ray microfocus sources (X-μCT) and Synchrotron Radiation (SR-μCT) allow subtle quantification at the micron and sub-micron scale of the meso- and microstructural signature imprinted in the mineralized tissues, such as enamel and dentine, through high-resolution "virtual histology". Nonetheless, depending on the degree of alterations undergone during fossilization, X-ray analyses of tooth tissues do not always provide distinct imaging contrasts, thus preventing the extraction of essential morphological and anatomical details. We illustrate here by three examples the successful application of neutron microtomography (n-μCT) in cases …