Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Raising Awareness Of Research Evidence Among Health Professionals Delivering Dementia Care: Are Knowledge Translation Workshops Useful?, Belinda J. Goodenough, Richard Fleming, Michael Young, Kim Burns, Cindy Jones, Fallon M. Forbes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Providing information about the latest research via educational sessions to health professionals caring for people with dementia may be insufficient to drive change. This project explored self-reported impacts on practice change of adding information about knowledge translation (KT) to a national dementia education program. Six national workshop days were held. Each provided the option of participating in a Principles of KT and innovation implementation seminar in addition to a clinical topic update (sexualities and dementia, or managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia). Six months postworkshop, 321 participants were invited to complete a research utilization survey. Seventy-five responded. KT seminar …

Isolation And Structural Analysis Of The Covalent Adduct Formed Between A Bis-Amino Mitoxantrone Analogue And Dna: A Pathway To Major-Minor Groove Cross-Linked Adducts, Shyam K. Konda, Celine Kelso, Jelena Medan, Brad E. Sleebs, Don R. Phillips, Suzanne M. Cutts, J Grant Collins

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The major covalent adduct formed between a ¹³C-labelled formaldehyde activated bis-amino mitoxantrone analogue (WEHI-150) and the hexanucleotide d(CG^5MeCGCG)₂ has been isolated by HPLC chromatography and the structure determined by NMR spectroscopy. The results indicate that WEHI-150 forms one covalent bond through a primary amine to the N-2 of the G₂ residue, with the polycyclic ring structure intercalated at the ^5MeC₃pG₄/G₁₀p^5MeC₉ site. Furthermore, the WEHI-150 aromatic ring system is oriented approximately parallel to the long axis of the base pairs, with one aliphatic side-chain in the …

Medication Management For People Living With Dementia: Development And Evaluation Of A Multilingual Information Resource For Family Caregivers Of People Living With Dementia, Robyn Gillespie, Pippa Burns, Lindsey Harrison, Amanda Ann Baker, Khin Than Win, Victoria Traynor, Judy Mullan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The aim of this chapter is to describe the development and evaluation of an online multilingual information resource focused on medication management, targeting people living with dementia and their family caregivers. Maintaining effective medication management is important to allow ongoing quality of life within the community setting and avoiding medication-related preventable hospitalisations for the person living with dementia. Family caregivers are likely to assume the role of medication management on behalf of the person in their care as dementia progresses. Little training or information is available to family caregivers to assist them with this role. A pilot online information resource …

Baseline Characteristics Associated With Different Bmi Trajectories In Weight Loss Trials: A Case For Better Targeting Of Interventions, Marijka Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell, Karen E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background/Objectives: Dietary weight loss interventions have heterogeneous outcomes in long-term studies, with many participants regaining part or all of the lost weight. Growth mixture modelling is a novel analytic approach that can be used to identify different trajectories of weight change during a trial rather than focussing on the total amount of weight lost. Subjects/Methods: Data were pooled from two 12-month dietary weight loss studies where no significant difference was detected between the treatment and control arms, thus allowing analysis independent of treatment. The data set included 231 subjects (74.5% female), with a mean weight loss of 6.40 kg (4.96). …

The Expanding Role Of Urban Fluvial Geomorphology: South Creek, Stephanie J. Kermode, Phillip Birtles, Geoff Vietz, Stephen Lynch, Jonathon Dixon, Carl Tippler, Michael Dean

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

As aspirations for waterways in urban areas increases, and we demand more social and environmental values from them, an increased role exists for applied geomorphology in urban streams of the future. Previously, there has been a strong focus on flood mitigation and water quality in stream management, and even where geomorphology has been used to drive legislation (e.g. stream order, offsets), desired outcomes have not always been achieved. Understanding how physical attributes of channels are altered by urbanisation, and how the physical template and waterways can assist in achieving aspirational goals, is now central to urban landscape managers and planners. …

Do Introduced Honeybees Affect Seed Set And Seed Quality In A Plant Adapted For Bird Pollination?, Amy-Marie Gilpin, Justin C. Collette, Andrew J. Denham, Mark K. J Ooi, David J. Ayre

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aims: Worldwide, evidence suggests that exotic pollinators can disrupt plant mating patterns. However, few studies have determined if pollination by the honeybee Apis mellifera (the world's most widely introduced pollinator) reduces offspring quality when compared with pollination by native birds. The Australian Proteaceae provide an excellent opportunity to test the impact of honeybees in pollination systems that are adapted to birds and non-flying mammals.

Methods: We compared the frequency of flower visitation and foraging behaviour of birds and insects within seven populations of Banksia ericifolia. Banksia ericifolia is hermaphroditic and has large nectar-rich, orange inflorescences typical of bird and mammal …

Palladium (Ii) - Catalyzed C3-Selective Friedel-Crafts Reaction Of Indoles With Aziridines, Jiexiang Yin, Christopher J. T Hyland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The [PdCl₂(MeCN)₂]-catalyzed C3-selective Friedel-Crafts reaction of 2,2-disubstituted and 2-aryl-N-tosylaziridines with indoles is reported. For the 2,2-disubstituted substrates, [PdCl₂(MeCN)₂] alone, without any ancillary ligands, is an efficient catalyst for the ring-opening reaction. The presence of 1,4-benzoquinone as an additive was found to enhance the ring-opening reaction of the less-reactive 2-arylaziridines. This reaction displayed a broad substrate scope with respect to the indole substrate and is operationally simple. Finally, when 1,3-dimethylindole was employed as a substrate, the de-aromatized pyrroloindoline product was obtained in high yield and good diastereoselectivity.

Seasonal And Long Term Variations Of Surface Ozone Concentrations In Malaysian Borneo, Mohd Talib Latif, Doreena Dominick, Fatimah Ahamad, Nur Shuhada Ahamad, Md Firoz Khan, Liew Juneng, Chung Jing Xiang, Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, Andrew D. Robinson, Marzuki Ismail, Mohammed Iqbal Mead, Neil R. P Harris

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Malaysian Borneo has a lower population density and is an area known for its lush rainforests. However, changes in pollutant profiles are expected due to increasing urbanisation and commercial-industrial activities. This study aims to determine the variation of surface O₃ concentration recorded at seven selected stations in Malaysian Borneo. Hourly surface O₃ data covering the period 2002 to 2013, obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE), were analysed using statistical methods. The results show that the concentrations of O₃ recorded in Malaysian Borneo during the study period were below the maximum Malaysian Air Quality Standard of …

First-Stage Development And Validation Of A Web-Based Automated Dietary Modeling Tool: Using Constraint Optimization Techniques To Streamline Food Group And Macronutrient Focused Dietary Prescriptions For Clinical Trials, Yasmine Probst, Evan Morrison, Emma Sullivan, Hoa K. Dam

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

A Teaching Model For Health Professionals Learning Reflective Practice, Joanne T. Joyce-Mccoach, Kylie Smith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The aim of this work was to use the theory and concepts of critical reflection in the development of a teaching model to enhance the learning approach to reflective practice for health professionals. The results of this initial stage of a larger project have identified the key challenges for health professionals learning about reflective practice. From the literature a model for teaching critical reflection was conceptualized. It begins with an exploration of self and values, moves students through a dialogue with peers, and explores the social and historical contexts of practice. Conclusions drawn from this work show that despite the …

Celebrating International Collaboration: Reflections On The First Virtual International Practice Development Conference, Moira Stephens, Jan Dewing, Angela M. Brown, Rebekkah Middleton, Victoria M. Neville

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This article reports on the first Virtual International Practice Development Conference, held in May 2015 to celebrate International Nurses Day. The article describes key aspects of its planning, offers a flavour of the event itself and sets out an evaluation, including learning points and recommendations to assist with planning similar events in the future. Central to our learning are:

• The need for practice developers to grasp skills in technology associated with virtual space
• The need to embrace virtual space itself as another means by which creative and communicative spaces can be established for active learning and practice development activities
• The …

Many People In Scotland Now Benefit From Anticipatory Care Before They Die: An After Death Analysis And Interviews With General Practitioners, Julia Tapsfield, Charlie Hall, Carey Lunan, Hazel Mccutcheon, Peter Mcloughlin, Joel J. Rhee, Alfonso Leiva, Juliet Spiller, Anne Finucane, Scott Murray

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Key Information Summaries (KIS) were introduced throughout Scotland in 2013 so that anticipatory care plans written by general practitioners (GPs) could be routinely shared electronically and updated in real time, between GPs and providers of unscheduled and secondary care. Aims We aimed to describe the current reach of anticipatory and palliative care, and to explore GPs' views on using KIS. Methods We studied the primary care records of all patients who died in 2014 in 9 diverse Lothian practices. We identified if anticipatory or palliative care had been started, and if so how many weeks before death and which …

Rural Health Professionals' Experiences In Implementing Advance Care Planning: A Focus Group Study, Sophie Fletcher, Craig Sinclair, Joel J. Rhee, Desiree Goh, Kirsten Auret

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Advance care planning (ACP) is described as an ongoing discussion between a patient, their family and healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand a patient's wishes for future health care. Legislation supporting ACP in Western Australia is relatively new and HCPs are still learning about the process and implementation. This study aimed to provide a rich description of rural health professionals' perceptions and experiences with ACP within the context of their professional role and to identify systemic issues and training needs. Ten focus groups were conducted throughout 2014 with a total of 55 rural participants including general practitioners (n≤15), general practice registrars …

Prevalence Of Constipation In Patients With Advanced Kidney Disease, Anna Lee, Kelly Lambert, Pauline Byrne, Maureen A. Lonergan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: For people on peritoneal dialysis (PD), constipation is associated with technique failure. For those on haemodialysis (HD), constipation has been associated with a reduction in quality of life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the prevalence of functional constipation; (ii) compare patient perception of constipation with Rome III criteria for functional constipation; (iii) describe the prevalence of constipation and stool form using Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS); (iv) determine differences in bowel habit and stool form between those on dialysis compared to pre-dialysis; and (v) determine the diagnostic accuracy of self-perception and the Rome III …

Killing The Speckled Monster: Riots, Resistance And Reward In The Story Of Smallpox Vaccination, Kathryn M. Weston

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

En route to the vaccination exhibition, it was easy to get distracted by the impressive variety of preserved specimens on display in one of London's most fascinating museums, the Hunterian. Jar upon jar of human and animal body parts as well as medical tools, skeletons, and other paraphernalia are enough to keep a visitor absorbed for hours. Happily, the Qvist gallery exhibition of Vaccination: Medicine and the Masses was equally captivating.

Sedimentological Processes And Environmental Variability At Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) Between 637 Ka And The Present, Alexander Francke, Bernd Wagner, Janna Just, Niklas Leicher, Raphael Gromig, Henrike Baumgarten, Hendrik Vogel, Jack H. Lacey, Laura Sadori, Thomas Wonik, Melanie J. Leng

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) is thought to be more than 1.2 million years old and host more than 300 endemic species. As a target of the International Continental scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), a successful deep drilling campaign was carried out within the scope of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project in 2013. Here, we present lithological, sedimentological, and (bio-)geochemical data from the upper 247.8 m composite depth of the overall 569 m long DEEP site sediment succession from the central part of the lake. According to an age model, which is based on 11 …

Northern Mediterranean Climate Since The Middle Pleistocene: A 637 Ka Stable Isotope Record From Lake Ohrid (Albania/Macedonia), Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Alexander Francke, Hilary J. Sloane, Antoni Milodowski, Hendrik Vogel, Henrike Baumgarten, Giovanni Zanchetta, Bernd Wagner

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) is an ancient lake with unique biodiversity and a site of global significance for investigating the influence of climate, geological, and tectonic events on the generation of endemic populations. Here, we present oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope data from carbonate over the upper 243 m of a composite core profile recovered as part of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project. The investigated sediment succession covers the past ca. 637 ka. Previous studies on short cores from the lake (up to 15 m, < 140 ka) have indicated the total inorganic carbon (TIC) content of sediments to be highly sensitive to climate change over the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Sediments corresponding to warmer periods contain abundant endogenic calcite; however, an overall low TIC content in glacial sediments is punctuated by discrete bands of early diagenetic authigenic siderite. Isotope measurements on endogenic calcite (δ18Oc and δ13Cc) reveal variations both between and within interglacials that suggest the lake has been subject to palaeoenvironmental change on orbital and millennial timescales. We also measured isotope ratios from authigenic siderite (δ18Os and δ13Cs) and, with the oxygen isotope composition of calcite and siderite, reconstruct δ18O of lake water (δ18Olw) over the last 637 ka. Interglacials have higher δ18Olw values when compared to glacial periods most likely due to changes in evaporation, summer temperature, the proportion of winter precipitation (snowfall), and inflow from adjacent Lake Prespa. The isotope stratigraphy suggests Lake Ohrid experienced a period of general stability from marine isotope stage (MIS) 15 to MIS 13, highlighting MIS 14 as a particularly warm glacial. Climate conditions became progressively wetter during MIS 11 and MIS 9. Interglacial periods after MIS 9 are characterised by increasingly evaporated and drier conditions through MIS 7, MIS 5, and the Holocene. Our results provide new evidence for long-term climate change in the northern Mediterranean region, which will form the basis to better understand the influence of major environmental events on biological evolution within Lake Ohrid.

Ecosystem Regimes And Responses In A Coupled Ancient Lake System From Mis 5b To Present: The Diatom Record Of Lakes Ohrid And Prespa, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Elena Jovanovska, Alexander Francke, Slavica Tofilovska, Hendrik Vogel, Zlatko Levkov, Timme H. Donders, Bernd Wagner, Friederike Wagner-Cremer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We reconstruct the aquatic ecosystem interactions since the last interglacialperiod in the oldest, most diverse, hydrologically connected European lakesystem, by using palaeolimnological diatom and selected geochemistry datafrom Lake Ohrid "DEEP site" core and equivalent data from Lake Prespa core,Co1215. Driven by climate forcing, the lakes experienced two adaptive cyclesduring the last 92 ka: "interglacial and interstadial" and"glacial" cycle. The short-term ecosystems reorganizations, e.g. regimeshifts within these cycles substantially differ between the lakes, as evidentfrom the inferred amplitudes of variation. The deeper Lake Ohrid shiftedbetween ultra oligo- and oligotrophic regimes in contrast to the muchshallower Lake Prespa, which shifted from a …

Pollen-Based Paleoenvironmental And Paleoclimatic Change At Lake Ohrid (South-Eastern Europe) During The Past 500 Ka, Laura Sadori, Andreas Koutsodendris, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos, Alessia Masi, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Alexander Francke, Katerina Kouli, Sébastien Joannin, Anna M. Mercuri

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Lake Ohrid is located at the border between FYROM (Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia) and Albania and formed during the latest phases of Alpine orogenesis. It is the deepest, the largest and the oldest tectonic lake in Europe. To better understand the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution of Lake Ohrid, deep drilling was carried out in 2013 within the framework of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions (SCOPSCO) project that was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Preliminary results indicate that lacustrine sedimentation of Lake Ohrid started between 1.2 and 1.9 Ma ago. Here we present new …

Differential Resilience Of Ancient Sister Lakes Ohrid And Prespa To Environmental Disturbances During The Late Pleistocene, Elena Jovanovska, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Torsten Hauffe, Zlatko Levkov, Bernd Wagner, Roberto Sulpizio, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Thomas Wilke

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Ancient lakes, such as lakes Ohrid and Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, have become model systems for studying the link between geological and biotic evolution. Recently, the scientific deep-drilling project Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) was initiated to better understand the environmental, climatic, and limnological evolution of the lake. It revealed that Lake Ohrid experienced a number of environmental disturbances during its ca. 2.0 million year long history. These are comprised of disturbances that lasted over longer periods of time ("press events") such as glacial-interglacial cycles and Heinrich events, as well as sudden and short …

Aligning And Synchronization Of Mis5 Proxy Records From Lake Ohrid (Fyrom) With Independently Dated Mediterranean Archives: Implications For Deep Core Chronology, Giovanni Zanchetta, Eleonora Regattieri, Biagio Giaccio, Bernd Wagner, Roberto Sulpizio, Alexander Francke, Hendrik Vogel, Laura Sadori, Alessia Masi, Gaia Sinopoli

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The DEEP site sediment sequence obtained during the ICDP SCOPSCO project at Lake Ohrid was dated using tephrostratigraphic information, cyclostratigraphy, and orbital tuning through the marine isotope stages (MIS) 15-1. Although this approach is suitable for the generation of a general chronological framework of the long succession, it is insufficient to resolve more detailed palaeoclimatological questions, such as leads and lags of climate events between marine and terrestrial records or between different regions. Here, we demonstrate how the use of different tie points can affect cyclostratigraphy and orbital tuning for the period between ca. 140 and 70 ka and how …

Complexity Of Diatom Response To Lateglacial And Holocene Climate And Environmental Change In Ancient, Deep And Oligotrophic Lake Ohrid (Macedonia And Albania), Xiaosen Zhang, Jane M. Reed, Jack H. Lacey, Alexander Francke, Melanie J. Leng, Zlatko Levkov, Bernd Wagner

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania) is a rare example of a deep, ancient Mediterranean lake and is a key site for palaeoclimate research in the northeastern Mediterranean region. This study conducts the analysis of diatoms as a proxy for Lateglacial and Holocene climate and environmental change in Lake Ohrid at a higher resolution than in previous studies. While Lake Ohrid has the potential to be sensitive to water temperature change, the data demonstrate a highly complex diatom response, probably comprising a direct response to temperature-induced lake productivity in some phases and an indirect response to temperature-related lake stratification or mixing …

Speeding Up Biomolecular Interactions By Molecular Sledding, Alexander Turkin, Lei Zhang, Alessio Marcozzi, Walter F. Mangel, Andreas Herrmann, Antoine M. Van Oijen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Numerous biological processes involve association of a protein with its binding partner, an event that is preceded by a diffusion-mediated search bringing the two partners together. Often hindered by crowding in biologically relevant environments, three-dimensional diffusion can be slow and result in long bimolecular association times. Similarly, the initial association step between two binding partners often represents a rate-limiting step in biotechnologically relevant reactions. We demonstrate the practical use of an 11-a.a. DNA-interacting peptide derived from adenovirus to reduce the dimensionality of diffusional search processes and speed up associations between biological macromolecules. We functionalize binding partners with the peptide and …

The Healthy Primary School Of The Future: Study Protocol Of A Quasi-Experimental Study, M Willeboordse, M Jansen, S Van Den Heijkant, A Simons, B Winkens, Renate H. M De Groot, N Bartelink, S Kremers, P Van Assema, H Savelberg, E De Neubourg, L Borghans, T Schils, K Coppens, R Dietvorst, R Ten Hoopen, F Coomans, S Klosse, M Conjaerts, M Oosterhoff, M Joore, Isabel Ferreira, P Muris, H Bosma, H Toppenberg, C Van Schayck

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Unhealthy lifestyles in early childhood are a major global health challenge. These lifestyles often persist from generation to generation and contribute to a vicious cycle of health-related and social problems. This design article presents a study evaluating the effects of two novel healthy school interventions. The main outcome measure will be changes in children's body mass index (BMI). In addition, lifestyle behaviours, academic achievement, child well-being, socio-economic differences, and societal costs will be examined. Methods: In close collaboration with various stakeholders, a quasi-experimental study was developed, for which children of four intervention schools (n = 1200) in the southern …

What Can The Life Course Approach Contribute To An Understanding Of Longevity Risk?, David Blane, Bola Akinwale, Rebecca Landy, Katey Matthews, Morten Wahrendorf, Hans-­‐Werner Wahl, Mark Hayward, Aart Liefbroer, Gita Mishra, Isabel Ferreira, Ilona Koupil

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Longevity risk means living longer than predicted. Attempts to understand longevity risk to date have concentrated on single diseases, usually coronary heart disease, and sought explanations in terms of risk factor change and medical innovation. In an opening paper, David Blane and colleagues point to evidence that suggests changes in positive health also should be considered; and that a life course approach can do so in a way that is socially and biologically plausible. Applying this approach to UK citizens currently aged 85 years suggests that life course research should give priority to trajectories across the whole life course and …