Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Measurung Plate Waste In Hospitals, Karen L. Walton, Jacquie Krassie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It has been suggested that the median plate wastage in hospitals is approximately 30% (range of 6–65%). The level of hospital food wastage is influenced by numerous parameters, including the menu, the setting, diet type, the type of food service distribution system used and its flexibility. Some food wastage is inevitable, as appetites are unpredictable. However, large amounts of food waste have a huge financial cost; and more importantly, it indicates that patients are not likely to be meeting their nutritional requirements. ‘Food is an integral and important part of a patient’s treatment but the food must be consumed if …

The Comparison Of The Effect Of Oat And Shiitake Mushroom Powder To Prevent Body Weight Gain In Rats Fed High Fat Diet, Dian Handayani, Barbara J. Meyer, Jiezhong Chen, Patricia Tang, Philip Chi Lip Kwok, Hak-Kim Chan, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Preventing obesity could be done by lowering plasma TAG that inhibits adipogenesis. Oat and mushroom beta-glucans in the diet has been reported to lower plasma lipid; however the data focusing on their effects on TAG and obesity are insufficient. In the present study, lowering plasma triacylglycerol, fat deposition, body weight gain (BWG) in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) was evaluated. Rats in the control group were given HFD only and rats in the treatment group fed HFD enriched with 0.2%, 0.6% and 1.8% (wt:wt) beta-glucan from oats (LD-O, MD-O, HD-O) or mushroom (LD-M, MD-M, HD-M). After 6 weeks …

The Vignette-Matching Procedure: An Innovative Approach To Assess Competencies In Psychology And Clinical Practicum. Final Report., Craig J. Gonsalvez

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Group Cohesion And Homework Adherence In Multi-Family Group Therapy For Schizophrenia, Frank P. Deane, Joanne Mercer, Anahita Talyarkhan, Gordon Lambert, Judy Pickard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study examined the relationship between levels of group cohesion, defined as whole group relationships, and between-session therapeutic homework adherence in a multi-family group therapy (MFGT) for people with schizophrenia. Participants from 18 consenting families attending MFGT groups completed weekly homework adherence ratings, group cohesion and spontaneous between-session activity measures. Levels of group cohesion at each session were compared with measures of scheduled and spontaneous homework adherence reported at the next session. It was hypothesised that higher levels of group cohesion would be related to homework adherence and other spontaneous between-session therapeutic activity completed by group members. Results show higher …

Why (Not) Alcohol Energy Drinks? A Qualitative Study With Australian University Students, Sandra C. Jones, Lance R. Barrie, Nina J. Berry

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction and Aims. Alcohol energy drinks (AEDs) are a recent entry to the ready-to-drink market, but there is an absence of research into the reasons young people consume these products and their consumption-related experiences.The aim of the current study was to investigate university students’ perceptions of, and experiences with, pre-mixed AEDs.

Design and Methods. Four focus groups with undergraduate university students in a large regional city in New South Wales; with transcripts coded for key themes.

Results.Participants reported a number of benefits of AED consumption,many of which were similar to other ready-to-drinks, such as taste and image. However, the primary …

Are Parents' Working Patterns Associated With Their Child's Sleep? An Analysis Of Dual-Parent Families In Australia, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don C. Iverson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Insufficient sleep in children predicts emotional and behavioral problems, poorer school performance, and health problems. Child sleep durations have declined in recent decades, suggesting a need to identify and understand predictors of short sleep. The present study investigated whether aspects of parental employment (i.e. parental work hours, and non-standard work hours) were associated with sleep in children. Data collected from 2477 children aged 6–7 years as part of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used in this paper. Child sleep duration, bedtimes, and wake times were determined from parent self-report using time-use diaries. Parents completed a survey assessing their …

What Influences Australian Women To Not Drink During Pregnancy?, Sandra C. Jones, Joanne Telenta

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There is a strong social norm against consuming alcohol during pregnancy. However, many women do not realise they are pregnant until the sixth week and are not provided with information about the risks of consuming alcohol until they visit a health professional in the second trimester. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 midwives and 12 pregnant women from two regions inNSWin 2008–09 to explore attitudes towards alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and the factors that may encourage or inhibit women from following the recommendation to abstain from drinking while pregnant. Both groups noted the social issues around pregnant women consuming alcohol …

Predicting Dropout In The First 3 Months Of 12-Step Residential Drug And Alcohol Treatment In An Australian Sample, Frank P. Deane, David J. Wootton, Ching-I Hsu, Peter J. Kelly

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Premature termination from treatment is a major factor associated with poorer drug and alcohol treatment outcomes. The present study investigated client-related baseline predictors of dropout at 3 months from a faith-based 12-step residential drug treatment program. Method: Data were collected over a period of 14 months from eight residential drug and alcohol treatment programs run by The Australian Salvation Army. The final sample consisted of 618 participants, including 524 men (84.8%) and 94 women (15.2%). Predictor variables of interest were age, gender, primary drug of concern, criminal involvement, psychological distress, drug cravings, self-efficacy to abstain, spirituality, forgiveness of self …

Dementia And Driving: An Approach For General Practice, John Carmody, Victoria Traynor, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background As our population ages, the proportion of drivers with dementia will continue to rise. Increasingly, health professionals are faced with the clinical dilemma of determining fitness to drive. Unfortunately, the management of drivers with dementia is fraught with hazards.

Objective This article attempts to provide an overview of the complex issue of driving and dementia as it relates to general practitioners in Australia. In addition, an evidence based management strategy is proposed.

Discussion When determining an individual’s fitness to drive, a clinician’s input may have legal, ethical, emotional and social ramifications. At present, a clear consistent national protocol detailing …

Prevalence Of Smoking And Other Health Risk Factors In People Attending Residential Substance Abuse Treatment, Peter J. Kelly, Amanda L. Baker, Frank P. Deane, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Billie Bonevski, Jenna Tregarthen

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction and Aims. People attending substance abuse treatment have an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Consequently, there have been increasing calls for substance abuse treatment services to address smoking.The current study examined smoking behaviours of people attending residential substance abuse treatment. Additionally, the study examined rates of other potentially modifiable health risk factors for the development of CVD and cancer. Design and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was completed by participants attending Australian Salvation Army residential substance abuse treatment services (n = 228). Rates of smoking, exercise, dietary fat intake, body mass index and depression were identified …

Deviance And Diversity In Dietetics, Peter Williams

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Like all professions, dietetics is concerned with the definition, teaching and assessment of professional behaviour (Gingras, 2009; Arnold, 2002), and while diversity may be welcomed, there are limits to what is regarded as acceptable differences in professional practice. There is a dark side: when difference becomes deviance. The deviance of health professionals may seem particularly damaging, because their clients hold them in positions of trust and tend to be unable to question the professional’s judgement (Gauthier, 2001). A dietitian promising to cure cancer with vitamin supplements would be regarded as deviating from the bounds of professionally acceptable behaviour.

Comorbid Externalising Behaviour In Ad/Hd: Evidence For A Distinct Pathological Entity In Adolescence, Sharnel Perera, David Crewther, Rodney Croft, Hannah Keage, Daniel Hermens, C Richard Clark

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

While the profiling of subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) have been the subject of considerable scrutiny, both psychometrically and psychophysiologically, little attention has been paid to the effect of diagnoses comorbid with AD/HD on such profiles. This is despite the greater than 80% prevalence of comorbidity under the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic definitions. Here we investigate the event related potential (ERP) and psychometric profiles of Controls, AD/HD, and comorbid AD/HD (particularly AD/HD+ODD/CD) groups on six neurocognitive tasks thought to probe the constructs of selective and sustained attention, response inhibition and executive function. Data from 29 parameters extracted from a child …

Translation Of Tobacco Policy Into Practice In Disadvantaged And Marginalized Subpopulations: A Study Of Challenges And Opportunities In Remote Australian Indigenous Communities, Jan A. Robertson, Katherine M. Conigrave, Rowena Ivers, Kim Usher, Alan R. Clough

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: In Australia generally, smoking prevalence more than halved after 1980 and recently commenced to decline among Australia's disadvantaged Indigenous peoples. However, in some remote Indigenous Australian communities in the Northern Territory (NT), extremely high rates of up to 83% have not changed over the past 25 years. The World Health Organisation has called for public health and political leadership to address a global tobacco epidemic. For Indigenous Australians, unprecedented policies aim to overcome disadvantage and close the 'health gap' with reducing tobacco use the top priority. This study identifies challenges and opportunities to implementing these important new tobacco initiatives …

How Are Women's Glass Ceiling Beliefs Related To Career Success?, Paul Smith, Peter Caputi, Nadia Crittenden

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to test the concurrent criterion validity of a new measure, the Career Pathways Survey (CPS) by exploring how women’s glass ceiling beliefs are related to five major indicators of subjective career success: career satisfaction, happiness, psychological wellbeing, physical health and work engagement (WE). Design/methodology/approach – Data from a cross-sectional study of 258 women working in Australian organizations were analyzed. The participants completed the CPS and measures of subjective career success. The CPS assesses four sets of beliefs about glass ceilings: denial, resilience, acceptance and resignation. Findings – Regression analyses showed denial was …

Validation Of The Differentiated Transformational Leadership Inventory As A Measure Of Coach Leadership In Youth Soccer, Stewart A. Vella, Lindsay G. Oades, Trevor P. Crowe

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper describes the validation of The Differentiated Transformational Leadership Inventory (DTLI) within a participation youth sports context. Three hundred and twenty-two athletes aged between 11 and 18 years completed the DTLI. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the DTLI yielded an underlying factor structure that fell short of cut-off criteria for adjudging model fit. Subsequent theory-driven changes were made to the DTLI by removing the 'high performance expectations' subscale. Further data-driven changes were also made on the basis of high item-factor cross-loadings. The revised version of the DTLI was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and proved to be a good …

The Impact Of Cannabis Use On Cognitive Functioning In Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis Of Existing Findings And New Data In A First-Episode Sample, Murat Yücel, Emre Bora, Daniel I. Lubman, Nadia Solowij, Warrick J. Brewer, Sue M. Cotton, Phillipe Conus, Michael J. Takagi, Alex Fornito, Stephen J. Wood, Patrick D. Mcgorry, Christos Pantelis

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with schizophrenia, and coupled with impaired cognition, is thought to heighten the risk of illness onset. However, while heavy cannabis use has been associated with cognitive deficits in long-term users, studies among patients with schizophrenia have been contradictory. This article consists of 2 studies. In Study I, a meta-analysis of 10 studies comprising 572 patients with established schizophrenia (with and without comorbid cannabis use) was conducted. Patients with a history of cannabis use were found to have superior neuropsychological functioning. This finding was largely driven by studies that included patients with a lifetime …

Association Between Food Marketing Exposure And Adolescents' Food Choices And Eating Behaviors, Maree Scully, Melanie Wakefield, Philippa Niven, Kathy Chapman, David Crawford, Iain S. Pratt, Louise A. Baur, Victoria Flood, Belinda Morley

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The present study examined associations between food marketing exposure and adolescents’ food choices and reported consumption of energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. A cross-sectional survey of 12,188 Australian secondary students aged 12–17 years was conducted, using a web-based self-report questionnaire. Measures included students’ level of exposure to commercial television and non-broadcast types of food marketing, whether they had tried a new product or requested a product they had seen advertised, and their reported consumption of fast food, sugary drinks and sweet and salty snacks. Results indicated greater exposure to commercial television, print/transport/school food marketing and digital food marketing were all …

Organization Of Brainstem Nuclei, George Paxinos, Xu-Feng Huang, Gulgun Sengul, Charles Watson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This chapter describes human homologs of nuclei identified in the brainstem of other mammals and attempts to extend to the human the overall organizational schemata that have been proposed for the brainstem of other mammalian species. We present herein updated diagrams of the Atlas of the Human Brainstem (Paxinos and Huang, 1995). The diagrams have been thoroughly revised in light of our recent work on the rat (Paxinos and Watson, 2007) and rhesus monkey (Paxinos et al., 3rd ed, in BrainNavigator, Elsevier, 2010) as well as our work on the marmoset (Atlas of the Marmoset Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Paxinos …

Simulation In Dietetic Education In Australia, Peter Williams, Eleanor Beck

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2011 the Dietitians Association of Australia conducted a survey of simulated learning experiences in all universities offering dietetic course in Australia. A total of 35 SLEs currently used were identified: 14 paper-based, 15 physical-based and 6 computer or video based.

A Patient Experiencing Pseudoseizures: A Case Report, F Joseph, J Quinlan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Pseudoseizures are a relatively complex problem of unknown aetiology and prognosis. They can at times resemble genuine seizure attacks but they have no abnormal electroencephalograpic (EEG) activity. Understanding the patient's unique psychological background appears to be fundamental in managing seizure frequency. Pseudoseizures can be disruptive to a person's lifestyle, limiting their ability to function and progress in society, particularly when it comes to employment or social interaction. The case discussed involves a 59-year old man who presents with what is believed to be seizurerelated activity but through the course of clinical evaluation, this turned out to be pseudoseizures

Do We Provide Meaningful Guidance For Healthy Eating? An Investigation Into Consumers' Interpretation Of Frequency Consumption Terms, Lesley King, Wendy L. Watson, Kathy Chapman, Bridget Kelly, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Clare Hughes, Jennifer Crawford, Timothy P. Gill

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate consumers' understanding of terms commonly used to provide guidance about frequency and quantity of food consumption. METHODS: A survey of 405 shoppers explored how frequently consumers thought food labeled with the terms "eat often," "eat moderately," "eat occasionally," "a sometimes food," and "an extra food" should be eaten. In a separate phase, 30 grocery buyers responded to open-ended questions about their interpretation of these terms. RESULTS: Responses indicated significant differences in meaning between the terms. However, the specific interpretation of each term varied considerably across respondents. The qualitative research found the terms to be highly subjective, and …

Role Of Abca7 In Mouse Behaviours Relevant To Neurodegenerative Diseases, Warren Logge, David Cheng, Rose Chesworth, Surabhi Bhatia, Brett Garner, Woojin Scott Kim, Tim Karl

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

ATP-binding cassette transporters of the subfamily A (ABCA) are responsible for the translocation of lipids including cholesterol, which is crucial for neurological function. Recent studies suggest that the ABC transporter ABCA7 may play a role in the development of brain disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. However, Abca7's role in cognition and other behaviours has not been investigated. Therefore, we characterised homozygous Abca7 knockout mice in a battery of tests for baseline behaviours (i.e. physical exam, baseline locomotion and anxiety) and behaviours relevant to schizophrenia (i.e. prepulse inhibition and locomotor response to psychotropic drugs) and Alzheimer's disease (i.e. cognitive …

Star Shots: Stigma, Self Disclosure And Celebrity In Bipolar Disorder, Wendy Cross, Ken Walsh

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Branded Food References In Children's Magazines: 'Advertisements' Are The Tip Of The Iceberg, Sandra C. Jones, Parri Gregory, Lisa K. Kervin

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: While children's magazines 'blur the lines' between editorial content and advertising, this medium has escaped the calls for government restrictions that are currently associated with food advertisements aired during children's television programming. The aim of this study was to address significant gaps in the evidence base in relation to commercial food messages in children's magazines by systematically investigating the nature and extent of food advertising and promotions over a 12-month period. Method: All issues of Australian children's magazines published in the calendar year 2009 were examined for references to foods or beverages. Results: Approximately 16% of the 1678 food …

Influence Of High Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load Diets On Blood Pressure During Adolescence, Bamini Gopinath, Victoria M. Flood, Elena Rochtchina, Louise A. Baur, Wayne Smith, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We aimed to prospectively examine the association between the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods consumed and the dietary intakes of carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and principal carbohydrate-containing food groups (eg, breads, cereals, and sugary drinks) with changes in blood pressure during adolescence. A total of 858 students aged 12 years at baseline (422 girls and 436 boys) were examined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2011. Dietary data were assessed from validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. In girls, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, parental education, parental history of hypertension, baseline height, baseline blood pressure, …

Nutrition Status Of Primary Care Patients With Depression And Anxiety, Adrienne K. Forsyth, Peter G. Williams, Frank P. Deane

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrition status of people referred to a nutrition and physical activity program for the management of mental health in a general practice.

A Comparison Of Treatment Outcomes For Individuals With Substance Use Disorder Alone And Individuals With Probable Dual Diagnosis, Elizabeth K. Cridland, Frank P. Deane, Ching-I Hsu, Peter J. Kelly

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The co-occurrence of substance use and mental health problems, often referred to as dual diagnosis (DD), is increasingly recognised as commonplace within substance abuse treatment programs. Two-hundred and thirty-four individuals from 9 Australian Salvation Army drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs completed a 3-month post-discharge telephone follow-up. Using a cut-off score from the Psychiatric Subscale of the Addiction Severity Index (5th ed.), 66.7% were classified as likely to have DD and 33.3% as substance use disorder only (SUD). Both groups reported comparable and decreased substance use levels at follow-up, yet DD individuals perceived less improvement in substance use problems. Comparable improvements …

Influence Of Head Orientation And Viewpoint Oscillation On Linear Vection, Pearl S. Guterman, Robert S. Allison, Stephen Palmisano, James E. Zacher

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Sensory conRict !.heories predict thai adding simulatcd viewpoint oscillUlion to sclf-motion displays should generate significant and sustained visual-vestibul ar conniet and reduce !.he likelihood of itlusory self· motion (vccl ion). However. research sh.ows th.at viewpoinl oscillation enhances vectioil in uprigh.t observers. This study examined whclh.cr the oscil lation advantage for veclion depends on head orientalion with respect to gravily. Displays that simulated forwardlbackward self-motion wi th/Without horizontal and vertical viewpoint oscillation were presented to observers in uprigh.t (sealed and standing) and lying (supine. prone. and len side down) body postures. Viewpoint oscillation was found to enhance vection for 0111 oflhe …

An Indoor Localisation And Motion Monitoring System To Determine Behavioural Activity In Dementia Afflicted Patients In Aged Care, Matthew D'Souza, Montserrat Ros, Mohanraj Karunanithi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dementia is highly prevalent among the older population. Most patients with dementia are admitted to an aged care facility due to wandering behaviour which tends to result in dangerous scenarios such as straying away from the facility and being seriously injured. Due to the decreasing availability of carers in aged care, there is a need to prioritise monitoring of patients that have a severe case of wondering. The challenge is to allow carers to monitor the status of such patients in terms of position localisation and motion behavioural status, in real-time. The long term behavioural analysis of such patients would …

Publication Bias, The File Drawer Problem, And How Innovative Publication Models Can Help, D Apthorp

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

One of the topics that has come up frequently in the discussions on open science has been the "filedrawer problem", otherwise known as publication bias (Rosenthal, 1979 Psychological Bulletin 86(3), 638-641). Traditional publishing practices have tended to favour positive results that reject the null hypothesis, leading some researchers to suggest that, in the extreme case, "most published results are false" (Ioannidis, 2005 PLoS Medicine 2(8), e124). What does this mean for vision science, and how can an open science framework help address this problem? I will suggest that innovative publishing initiatives such as PsychFileDrawer.org and the Reproducibility Project can harness …