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Articles 31 - 60 of 62
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Prevalence, Predictive Factors, And Classification Of Intrapulpal Cracks In Maxillary Premolars Requiring Endodontic Treatment, Sarah Krygowski
The Prevalence, Predictive Factors, And Classification Of Intrapulpal Cracks In Maxillary Premolars Requiring Endodontic Treatment, Sarah Krygowski
Theses and Dissertations
Cracked teeth may be difficult to diagnose. Craze lines rarely become symptomatic or require treatment. Cracks in the enamel and dentin alone may or may not become symptomatic and require restorative treatment. However, cracks extending into the enamel, dentin, and pulp chamber provide an avenue for bacteria to establish infection and this commonly results in symptoms and the need for endodontic and restorative treatment. The published endodontic literature has limited information regarding the prevalence or predictive factors for cracks extending into the pulp chamber of teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and classification of intrapulpal …
Lowering The Number Of False Positive Responses To Electric Pulp Tests By Qualifying Patient Response, Katherine Js Lee
Lowering The Number Of False Positive Responses To Electric Pulp Tests By Qualifying Patient Response, Katherine Js Lee
Theses and Dissertations
The electric pulp test (EPT) has been shown to be a valuable tool in assessing pulp vitality. One of its drawbacks, however, is its high number of false positives. The purpose of this study was to determine if qualifying the type of sensation elicited by the test could lower the percentage of false positive responses. A retrospective chart review of an eleven-month period was conducted, examining all patients with necrotic teeth tested with the EPT. Of 189 teeth, when the patient responded to EPT at first sensation 23.3% of teeth were incorrectly identified as vital. When the patient was asked …
Use Of Cone Beam Computed Tomography In The Determination Of Mental Foramen Location In Relation To Mandibular 1st And 2nd Premolars, Sanjay Bhagchandani
Use Of Cone Beam Computed Tomography In The Determination Of Mental Foramen Location In Relation To Mandibular 1st And 2nd Premolars, Sanjay Bhagchandani
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to use existing Cone Beam Computer Tomography images to determine the vertical and horizontal location of the mental foramen in relation to the mandibular first and second premolars, as well as the distance in millimeters from the apex of each. The distance from the inferior border of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible was also recorded. The average distance from the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars to the mental foramen was 7.43mm (SD= 1.97) and 5.30mm (SD=1.65) respectively. The foramen was located 11.44mm (SD=1.49) from the inferior border …
Endodontic Residents’ Understanding Of Biostatistics: A 2010 Survey Of Endodontic Residents In The United States, Paul Letellier Jr.
Endodontic Residents’ Understanding Of Biostatistics: A 2010 Survey Of Endodontic Residents In The United States, Paul Letellier Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Endodontic residents must keep current with clinical information to practice evidence- based dentistry. To do so, endodontic residents must access research papers and interpret results. This requires a knowledge of biostatistics. However, the biostatistical knowledge of endodontic residents is relatively unknown. The purpose of the study was to assess the biostatistical knowledge of endodontic residents using a survey instrument to prove or reject the hypothesis that there exists a lack of understanding of biostatistic principles among endodontic residents. A survey consisting of 29 questions querying attitudes and biostatistical knowledge was distributed to 230 endodontic residents and returned with a 32% …
Endodontic Education And Educators: Who Is Teaching Our Predoctoral Students And What Methods Are Being Taught?, Ellison Turner
Endodontic Education And Educators: Who Is Teaching Our Predoctoral Students And What Methods Are Being Taught?, Ellison Turner
Theses and Dissertations
A survey was conducted to assess the current state of predoctoral endodontic education in the United States. Fifty-one schools received surveys and 73% responded. Seventy-six percent were from public schools with most having a graduate endodontic program (84%). Preclinical training most often began in the spring of second year and clinical training started in the fall of third year (each 54%). All programs that responded stated that endodontists routinely instruct students in the clinic. Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% was the irrigation of choice. Calcium hydroxide was the most common intracanal medicament. Cold lateral condensation with gutta-percha was the most frequently indicated …
Antibiotic Use By Members Of The American Association Of Endodontics: A National Survey For 2009- A Follow Up From The Report In 1999, Pye Kyu
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in prescribing habits of active members of American Association of Endodontics (AAE) with regards to antibiotics in comparison to the findings reported by Yingling et al. in 1999. The invitations to take the online survey were sent via email to 2593 active members. A response rate of 37.75% was obtained. It was determined to be adequate for analysis and for comparison to the results obtained by Yingling et al. Comparisons between the percentages shown in this survey and the previous survey were tested using a z-test. An ANOVA model was …
Comparing Cyclic Fatigue Of The New Gt® Series X(Tm) Files To The Endo Sequence™ Rotary Instruments, Nathan Wayment
Comparing Cyclic Fatigue Of The New Gt® Series X(Tm) Files To The Endo Sequence™ Rotary Instruments, Nathan Wayment
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the number of rotations to failure of two different rotary file systems, EndoSquence Brassler USA (Savannah, GA) and GT(TM) series X(TM). Files sizes 20,30,40 with 0.04, 0.06 tapers of GT series X and Endo Sequence files size and taper used were 20, 30, 40 with 0.04 and 0.06 taper. Like tip and tapers were compared between systems. All files tested were 25mm in length. Files were allocated into 12 groups of 10 files each, and mounted to a universal testing machine. Each file was rotated at 300 rpms until fractured occurred. The …
Comparative Analysis Of Torsional Strength Between Profile® Gt® And Gt® Series X(Tm) Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments, Jake Reynolds
Comparative Analysis Of Torsional Strength Between Profile® Gt® And Gt® Series X(Tm) Nickel Titanium Rotary Instruments, Jake Reynolds
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance to fracture by the twisting of two nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary file systems. The Profile® GT® (GT) and the GT® Series X(TM) (GTX) files were tested to analyze the maximum torsional strength and the maximum angular deflection at the time of separation of the files. For each system, ten new files were tested at each of the following eight taper/size designations for a total of 160 files: 20/0.04, 20/0.06, 30/0.04, 30/0.06, 30/0.08, 40/0.04, 40/0.06, and 40/0.08. The American National Standards Institute / American Dental Association Specification No. 28 was implemented …
Comparing Cyclic Fatigue Of The New Gt® Series Xtm Files To The Original Profile® Gt® Rotary Instruments, Steven Osmond
Comparing Cyclic Fatigue Of The New Gt® Series Xtm Files To The Original Profile® Gt® Rotary Instruments, Steven Osmond
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to test the number of rotations to fracture of the M-Wire GT® Series X(TM) rotary files compared to the original ProFile® GT® rotary files in a simulated curved canal. Eighty GT® Series X(TM) files of 25mm length were divided into eight groups of ten, one for each of the new GT® Series X(TM) files. Eighty original ProFile® GT® files of 25mm length were divided into eight groups of the same tip and taper sizes consistent with the GT® Series X(TM) file groups. Files were rotated at 300 rpm. While the angle may have slightly …
Contamination Of Dental Waterlines: Efficacy Of Seven Waterline Treatments And Three In-Office Bacteria Test Kits, Adam Davis
Theses and Dissertations
This study compared seven dental unit water line (DUWL) treatments and three in-office bacteria test kits. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 1:10 in tap water weekly; 3 drops of NaOCl in 1 liter of water; Dentapure® DP 40; ICX™ tablet; Sterilex® Ultra powder; Lines™; and Selective Micro® Dental-Clean. Traditional culture technique was compared to HPC Dental Sampler; Aquasafe™ Dental Unit Water Line Test Kit; and Bacteria in Water Test Kit. Eight dental units in the Virginia Commonwealth University Graduate Endodontic Clinic were randomly assigned treatment regimens. Samples were taken weekly initially and after flushing for 1 minute. In conclusion NaOCl hypochlorite 1:10 …
The Use Of Implants Vs. Endodontics: Practitioner Attitudes In 2007, Gardiner Mckay Packer
The Use Of Implants Vs. Endodontics: Practitioner Attitudes In 2007, Gardiner Mckay Packer
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence dentists when deciding whether to place an implant or perform endodontic retreatment. Null hypothesis: Dentists today are no more likely to place an implant than to perform endodontic retreatment. A twelve-item questionnaire was mailed to 525 general dentists and specialists who are members of the Richmond Dental Society. Response rate was 61.9%. The questionnaire included items on demographics, practice profile and cases of failing endodontic therapy which participants were asked to consider and chose between endodontic retreatment or implant placement. The relationship between the treatment choices and the characteristics …
Density Of Gutta Percha By Weight In Straight Root Canals And Curved Root Canals After Single Cone, Cold Lateral, And Warm Vertical Condensation, Gerald Clay Sparrow
Density Of Gutta Percha By Weight In Straight Root Canals And Curved Root Canals After Single Cone, Cold Lateral, And Warm Vertical Condensation, Gerald Clay Sparrow
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the density of gutta percha following three different obturation techniques using two split-tooth models. One split-tooth model was constructed with a straight rooted maxillary incisor and the other with the curved palatal root of a maxillary molar. Each tooth was obturated using single cone, cold lateral, and warm vertical obturation techniques without sealer. Each obturation technique was performed 20 times for each of the root systems. The weights of the gutta percha were recorded for each root type and obturation technique by subtracting the post-fill weight from the pre-fill weight of the …
A Comparison Of Five Radiographic Systems To D-Speed Film In The Detection Of Artificial Bone Lesions, David Lloyd Hadley
A Comparison Of Five Radiographic Systems To D-Speed Film In The Detection Of Artificial Bone Lesions, David Lloyd Hadley
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare three direct digital sensors (Kodak 6100, Schick CDR, and Dexis PerfectSize), a phosphor plate system (OpTime), and F-speed film to standard D-speed film in the detection of artificial bone lesions prepared in mandible bone sections. Multiple artificial bone lesions were prepared at varying depths in the cortical bone. Specimens were imaged with six different radiographic systems. Radiographs were randomly presented to nine different observers. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the ability of the different radiographic systems to detect the bone lesions was significantly different at the mean percentage of cortical bone …
Immunohistochemical Study Of Phenotypes Of Dendritic Cells In Dental Pulps From Non-Carious And Carious Teeth, Melissa A. Harmon
Immunohistochemical Study Of Phenotypes Of Dendritic Cells In Dental Pulps From Non-Carious And Carious Teeth, Melissa A. Harmon
Theses and Dissertations
Mature dendritic cells (DCs) in inflamed tissues may promote inflammation but the status of DCs in pulpitis is not known. We hypothesized that DC maturation would correlate with carious lesion depth and that CD4+ cells would be found in association with mature DCs. Pulps were collected from teeth exhibiting: (I) no caries (n=9), (II) shallow dentinal caries (n=5), and (III) deep caries (n=9). Pulpal tissues were cryo-sectioned and positive cells were examined with immunohistochemistry, Mature DCs (CD83+) were almost exclusively restricted to pulps from deep caries. Furthermore, CD209+ DCs in deep caries were elevated over other groups and CD209+ cells …
A Comparison Of Flexural Fracture Of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems, Matthew Warren Lloyd
A Comparison Of Flexural Fracture Of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems, Matthew Warren Lloyd
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the number of rotations to failure of three different rotary file systems. ProFile, Sequence, and Liberator files in sizes 25 and 40 with 0.04 taper were divided into groups of five and rotated against a grooved metal block mounted to a Universal testing machine at 31 and 34 degrees. Each file was rotated at 300 rpm until fracture occurred. The number of rotations to fracture were calculated. Use of a three-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD multiple comparison tests revealed significant differences for the angle of deflection, size, and type of file. An …
An Invitro Leakage And Viscosity Analysis Of Root End Filling Materials, Paul D. Clark
An Invitro Leakage And Viscosity Analysis Of Root End Filling Materials, Paul D. Clark
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine if the viscosity of MTA Angelus Fluid is lower than that of Pro Root MTA and MTA Angelus; and to compare the viscosity, leakage and particle size of these materials to determine whether a relationship exists between these properties. The viscosity of each material was measured and compared with the Student's t test. MTA Angelus Fluid's viscosity was significantly lower than the other two materials tested. Microleakage of root end fillings was assessed in a passive diffusion model. Leakage groups were compared with a one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found. Particle size and shape were evaluated with the SEM. MTA Angelus Fluid has a lower viscosity than the other materials tested. There was no significant difference in the sealing ability of the three materials tested and there was no apparent variation in each material's particle size or shape.
Sodium Hypochlorite's Effect On Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments And Its Effect On Resistance To Fracture, Michael Shane Smith
Sodium Hypochlorite's Effect On Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments And Its Effect On Resistance To Fracture, Michael Shane Smith
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of partial and total immersion in sodium hypochlorite on nickel-titanium rotary files and to determine whether resistance to fracture was influenced by the immersion time. One hundred K3 and 100 ProFile® rotary files were either partially or totally immersed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for zero, one, five, thirty, or sixty minutes. After immersion, files were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing. Time to fracture was recorded and analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. Tukey's honest significant difference was used to identify any differences in immersion times. Within all ProFile groups and partial …
Interobserver Reliability In The Diagnosis Of Pulpal And Periradicular Disease, Todd Peter Mellin
Interobserver Reliability In The Diagnosis Of Pulpal And Periradicular Disease, Todd Peter Mellin
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was evaluate the interobserver reliability of endodontists in the diagnosis the presence or absence of pulpal and/or periradicular disease. The study used 47 patients presenting to the VCU School of Dentistry for screening appointments as a test population under the rules and regulations of the VCU IRB. The patients were examined separately by two endodontists, using a thorough patient history, clinical exam, and radiographs. The answer to the question was then answered, does the patient have pulpal and/or periradicular disease, and compared. The data was analyzed using Kappa and the standard error was determined to …
The Predictive Ability Of Specific Questions Related To Symptoms In The Diagnosis Of Endodontic Disease, Boyd Aaron Vaughn
The Predictive Ability Of Specific Questions Related To Symptoms In The Diagnosis Of Endodontic Disease, Boyd Aaron Vaughn
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to test the predictive ability of specific questions in diagnosis of pulpal and periradicular disease in a dental school population. 210 patients were recruited to fill out a questionnaire, and undergo a clinical examination for pulpal and/or periradicular disease.The Questionnaire asked if the patient had in the last 6 months: 1. a toothache that kept them up at night 2. a toothache that required pain killers 3. facial swelling caused by a tooth 4. injury to any teeth 5. a broken tooth 6. a tooth darker in color than the surrounding teeth 7. a …
Prevalence Of Pulpal And/Or Periradicular Disease In The Vcu School Of Dentistry Screening Patient Population, Ellen Rives Oertel
Prevalence Of Pulpal And/Or Periradicular Disease In The Vcu School Of Dentistry Screening Patient Population, Ellen Rives Oertel
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and demographic predictors of pulpal and/or periradicular disease in an urban population. A total of 210 subjects were recruited from a population of patients that were screened for acceptance to the dental school clinics. The diagnosis of pulpal and/or periradicular disease was made using the following data: radiographic interpretation, patient's history of previous pain and chief complaint, and objective pulpal testing. Objective pulpal testing included percussion, palpation, electric pulp test, and cold. The unit of observation was the individual, not the tooth. The overall prevalence of endodontic disease among the …
A Quantitative Comparison Of The Fill Density Of Mta Produced By Two Different Placement Techniques., Priscilla Yeung
A Quantitative Comparison Of The Fill Density Of Mta Produced By Two Different Placement Techniques., Priscilla Yeung
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the fill density of MTA produced by hand condensation and hand condensation with indirect ultrasonic activation. Thirty acrylic block with 30 degree curved canals (group C) and 30 with straight canals (group S) were instrumented to a final apical size of 45 of 0.06 taper crown-down technique. After irrigating with water and drying with paper points, each block was weighed to the nearest 0.0001g with a digital electronic balance. In half of the specimens, chosen at random, the canal first filled with MTA using the hand condensation method (H) then weighed. …
Physical And Chemical Properties Of A New Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Material, David Lowell Spencer
Physical And Chemical Properties Of A New Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Material, David Lowell Spencer
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to compare the time to final set and compressive strength of the white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) formulation to the original grey MTA. To test compressive strength, each MTA formulation was placed into Teflon split molds for four hours at 37° Celsius (C) and 100% humidity. Compressive strength of both MTA formulations was measured at 24 hours (n=12) and 21 days (n=19) using an Instron Testing Machine. For determination of time to final set, each MTA formulation (n=6) was placed into a metal mold and maintained at 37° C and 100% humidity while setting. …
Torsional Testing Of Race, K3 And Profile Nickel Titanium Endodontic Files, Sean D. Fessenden
Torsional Testing Of Race, K3 And Profile Nickel Titanium Endodontic Files, Sean D. Fessenden
Theses and Dissertations
Rotary endodontic instruments have different cross sectional designs that may effect their resistance to torsional stress. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the static torsional properties of two nickel titanium files that have recently been introduced for use in endodontics and compare them to the same size Profile instruments. Ten new files of each brand and size were tested. The files tested were: RaCe 25 tip 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 taper, K3 and Profile 25 and 40 tip in 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 taper. The diameter of each file was measured at 3mm from tip. The last three millimeters …
Use Of A Portland Cement Accelerator With Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, M. Scott Monts
Use Of A Portland Cement Accelerator With Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, M. Scott Monts
Theses and Dissertations
The use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is gaining popularity among clinicians. Despite the many ideal qualities it possesses, it is often difficult to manipulate and often requires a second appointment for placement of a restoration to allow for setting. If the time to set of MTA can be accelerated to a single appointment time frame without significantly altering its properties, then MTA may gain even wider acceptance. The purpose of this study is to identify the percentage of a Portland Cement Accelerator (PCA), that when added to MTA, will decrease the time to set of MTA towards a single …
An In Vitro Evaluation Of The Elements Apex Locator Using The Endo Q System, Steven Andrew Brofsky
An In Vitro Evaluation Of The Elements Apex Locator Using The Endo Q System, Steven Andrew Brofsky
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to determine the accuracy of the Elements Apex Locator and 2) to compare the accuracy of the alginate and Endo Q models as in-vitro apex locator testing devices. Twenty teeth were decoronated at the CEJ and triplicate measurements were made using the Elements Apex Locator. All measurements were made to the apex reading of the apex locator. True length was established by visualizing the file tip at the apex with a dental operating microscope. Measurements were then taken with the teeth mounted in an alginate model and then in the Endo Q …
The Effect Of Chlorhexidine Gluconate As An Endodontic Irrigant On The Apical Seal: Long-Term Results, David B. Ferguson
The Effect Of Chlorhexidine Gluconate As An Endodontic Irrigant On The Apical Seal: Long-Term Results, David B. Ferguson
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%), used as an endodontic irrigating solution would affect the apical seal of three root canal cements. One hundred extracted human single-canal teeth were divided into 9 experimental groups of 10 teeth each, in addition to a positive and negative control group of 5 teeth each. The teeth were decoronated at the level of the cementoenamel junction, accessed, instrumented to a Master Apical File #50, irrigated with either sterile saline, 5.25% NaOCl or 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, and dried using paper points. Obturation was accomplished using lateral condensation and one …
K3 Endo, Pro Taper, And Pro File Systems: Breakage And Distortion In Severely Curved Roots Of Molars, Matthew Todd Ankrum
K3 Endo, Pro Taper, And Pro File Systems: Breakage And Distortion In Severely Curved Roots Of Molars, Matthew Todd Ankrum
Theses and Dissertations
K3 ENDO, PRO TAPER, AND PRO FILE SYSTEMS: BREAKAGE AND DISTORTION IN SEVERELY CURVED ROOTS OF MOLARS.By Matthew T. Ankrum, D.D.S.A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University.Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003Major Director: Gary R. Hartwell, D.D.S., M.S.Chairman and Professor, Department of EndodonticsIt was the aim of this study to investigate the incidence of file breakage and distortion when the Pro Taper, K3 Endo and ProFile systems were used to instrument canals in the severely curved roots of extracted molars.Forty-five roots of extracted mandibular and maxillary molars with curvatures …
The Effect Of Endodontic Solutions On Resorcinol-Formalin Paste In Teeth, Madelyn Gay Gambrel
The Effect Of Endodontic Solutions On Resorcinol-Formalin Paste In Teeth, Madelyn Gay Gambrel
Theses and Dissertations
This study determined if any of six endodontic solutions would have a softening effect on resorcinol-formalin paste in extracted teeth, and if there were any differences in the solvent action between these solutions. Forty-nine single-rooted extracted teeth were decoronated two mm coronal to the CEJ, and the roots sectioned apically to a standard length of 15 mm. Canals were prepared to a 12mm WL and a uniform size with a #7 Parapost drill. Teeth were then mounted in a cylinder ring with acrylic. The resorcinol-formalin mixture was placed into the canals and was allowed to set for 60 days in …
Working Length Determination In Palatal Roots Of Maxillary Molars, Melanie A. Kim-Park
Working Length Determination In Palatal Roots Of Maxillary Molars, Melanie A. Kim-Park
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study was to determine if a buccal curvature in the palatal roots of maxillary molars affected the clinician’s ability to accurately determine working length. Twenty-seven extracted, human maxillary molars were sorted by palatal root curvatures as J- and C-type and the angle of curvature was determined. Straight-line access was made and a #20 file was placed into the canal until the tip was visible at the apical foramen then withdrawn. The file, tooth and calibration wire were radiographed on one image using the RVG. Actual (file) and radiographic (tooth) lengths were determined using the RVG ruler. …
The Effect Of Endodontic Solutions On Resorcinol-Formalin Paste, Ronald Nicholas Vranas
The Effect Of Endodontic Solutions On Resorcinol-Formalin Paste, Ronald Nicholas Vranas
Theses and Dissertations
This study determined if any of four endodontic solutions would have a softening effect on resorcinol-formalin paste and if there were any differences in the solvent action between these solutions. Resorcinol, formalin and zinc oxide were mixed and allowed to set for 30 days. The solutions tested were 0.9% sodium chloride, 5.25% NaOCl, chloroform and Endosolv R. Seven samples per solution were tested and an additional seven samples served as controls. Each sample was saturated with one of the solutions and the depth of penetration was tested at 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min and 20 min using …