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Gender Differences In The Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence In Korean Americans, Sun Kim, (Julia) Hua Fang, Joseph R. Difranza, Douglas M. Ziedonis, Grace X. Ma
Gender Differences In The Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence In Korean Americans, Sun Kim, (Julia) Hua Fang, Joseph R. Difranza, Douglas M. Ziedonis, Grace X. Ma
Hua Julia Fang
Introduction: This study was conducted to compare gender differences in the psychometric properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).
Methods: The sample comprised 334 Korean immigrants (97 women and 237 men) who reported daily smoking for the past 6 months. Item-by-item responses and exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were compared by gender. Promax rotation was selected based on findings from previous studies suggesting correlated factors.
Results: Compared with men, women smoked fewer cigarettes per day, were more likely to smoke when ill in bed, and were less likely to smoke frequently in the morning. The entire sample and men …