Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Are There Differences In The Smoking Identities Of Adolescents Boys And Girls?, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Iris Torchalla, Pamela A. Ratner, Joy L. Johnson

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Purpose:

To assess sex-disaggregated differences in youth characterizations of their own smoking behaviour

Background:

•Smoking identities represent psychosocial constructions of how adolescents who smoke perceive themselves in relation to their smoking behaviour (e.g, ex-smoker, social smoker, occasional smoker, e.t.c.)

•These smoking identities converge (or diverge) with established taxonomies used to describe youth smoking behaviour

•Few quantitative studies have examined differences in smoking identity between boys and girls

Is Exposure To Peer And Family Smoking Associated With Youths' Initial Smoking Experiences?, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Chris G. Richardson, Joy L. Johnson

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background:

- Peers and family member’s smoking is associated with adolescent smoking.

- Sensitivity to the initial smoking experience, determined by positive (for e.g., feeling relaxed, high, and good) and/or negative (for e.g., feeling nervous, sick, coughing) symptoms upon initial smoking experimentation, is also associated with youth smoking.

- However, the effect of peer and family member’s smoking on the initial smoking experiences of adolescents has not been previously studied.

- We present the findings of a cross-sectional analysis assessing the association between exposure to smoking from peers and family members on the symptoms of the initial smoking experience of …

Prevalence Of Copd Among Symptomatic Patients In A Primary Care Setting, Barbara Yawn, David M. Mannino, Thomas Littlejohn, Gary Ruoff, Amanda Emmett, Ibrahim Raphiou, Glenn Crater

David M. Mannino

Objective: Spirometry is recognized as the gold standard assessment for the diagnosis of COPD. However, spirometry continues to be underused, perpetuating the underdiagnosis of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COPD in a primary care setting in patients with a smoking history and self-reported chronic bronchitis symptoms.

Research design and methods: This was a multi-center, cross-sectional study. The primary assessment was the percentage of patients with airway obstruction (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio ≤ 0.70) compared to those without obstruction (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.70).

Results: Airflow obstruction consistent with COPD was confirmed in 26% of patients …

Assessing Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Persons With Severe And Persistent Mental Illness, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Joy L. Johnson, Leslie Malchy

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background

• Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure increases the risk for cancer, respiratory illness, and cardiovascular disease.

• Individuals with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) have a higher smoking prevalence than the general population, placing them at increased risk for related morbidity and mortality.

• Given the higher smoking prevalence in this population, the risk for SHS exposure among smokers and nonsmokers with SPMI should be an issue of concern. Yet, SHS exposure in this population is understudied.

• The purpose of our study was to examine the correlates of SHS exposure in this population. Our specific aims were …

Association Of Ambient Ozone Exposure With Airway Inflammation And Allergy In Adults With Asthma, Sumita B. Khatri, Fernando C. Holguin, P. Barry Ryan, David M. Mannino, Serpil C. Erzurum, W. Gerald Teague

David M. Mannino

Rationale

Previous studies have demonstrated associations of high ozone levels with increased epidemiologic as well as lung function measures of asthma activity.

Objectives

In an observational study during the summer months, we hypothesized that higher ambient ozone levels are associated with more frequent symptoms, higher airway and systemic inflammation, as well as worse lung function in asthmatics as compared with non-asthmatic individuals.

Methods

Thirty-eight asthmatics and thirteen healthy control subjects residing in metropolitan Atlanta were enrolled during peak ozone season. Medical histories, quality-of-life questionnaires, spirometry, serum immunoglobulin (IgE), peripheral eosinophil counts, and exhaled nitric oxide (NO) were obtained during study …

Setting Standards For Pulmonary Function Measurements: What Is Reasonable?, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

Specific conductance criteria for a positive methacholine challenge test: are the American Thoracic Society guidelines rather generous? [Respir Care. 2009]

http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/54/9/1161.full.pdf

Pediatric Ekg's For Morons, Erich C. Maul Do, Mph

Erich C. Maul DO MPH

No abstract provided.

Life Expectancy And Years Of Life Lost In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Findings From The Nhanes Iii Follow-Up Study, Robert M. Shavelle, David R. Paculdo, Scott J. Kush, David M. Mannino, David J. Strauss

David M. Mannino

Rationale

Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes increased mortality in the general population. But life expectancy and the years of life lost have not been reported.

Objectives

To quantify mortality, examine how it varies with age, sex, and other risk factors, and determine how life expectancy is affected.

Methods

We constructed mortality models using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, adjusting for age, sex, race, and major medical conditions. We used these to compute life expectancy and the years of life lost.

Measurements and main results

Pulmonary function testing classified patients as having …

The Effect Of Sex On Asthma Control From The National Asthma Survey, James Temprano, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Background Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results with regard to differences in asthma control between the sexes.

Objective We sought to identify sex differences in short-term and long-term measures of asthma control in adults from the National Asthma Survey.

Methods This study analyzed data from the National Asthma Survey (Four-State sample) sponsored by the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Asthma control was compared between the sexes based on short-term (recent symptoms, asthma attacks, and albuterol use) and long-term (asthma attacks, work days lost, and urgent-care visits and hospitalizations in the prior year) measures. Composite …

The Tobacco Dependence Clinic (Tdc): Providing Smoking Cessation For A Drug Treatment Population, Milan Khara, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Deanna Barlow, Catherine Hanley

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

BACKGROUND: Drug treatment populations are disproportionately affected by tobacco use morbidity and mortality. However, with adequate intervention, individuals in drug treatment settings can succeed in their efforts towards smoking cessation. The Tobacco Dependence Clinic (TDC) is a program that provides smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy for clients through the Addiction Services program of the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada. OBJECTIVES: To a) describe smoking cessation services and programs provided by the TDC, and b) evaluate 26 week smoking cessation outcomes of drug treatment clients in the TDC. METHODS: Participants of the TDC program receive a structured 8 week …

Smoking Cessation And Drug Treatment: Identifying Gaps, Milan Khara, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Ric M. Procyshyn, Joy Johnson, Alasdair Barr, Lorraine Greaves

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

BACKGROUND: An estimated 70% - 90% of individuals in drug treatment con-currently smoke cigarettes. Although individuals in drug treatment settings are motivated and can succeed in smoking cessation, there is still a lack of systematic knowledge regarding the long-term abstinence, methods employed for successful cessation, and the barriers to smoking cessation in this population.

OBJECTIVES: To: a) describe types of smoking cessation interventions (i.e., cognitive-behavioral and/or pharmacotherapy) employed in drug treatment settings, b) determine the effectiveness of such interventions, and c) identify gaps in knowledge regarding smoking cessation interventions among the drug treatment populations

METHODS: A comprehensive review of the …

Action Required: Revisiting Better Practices In Smoking Cessation Interventions For Pregnant Girls And Women, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Lorraine Greaves, Joan Bottorff, Lenora Marcellus, Charmaine Enns, Richard Stanwick

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background

Despite considerable medical and research attention, smoking in pregnancy remains a serious public health problem, especially among young and disadvantaged women in high income countries and general populations of women in low and middle income countries. Facilitating successful and enduring smoking cessation during pregnancy and preventing relapse is therefore an ongoing public health challenge globally

Objectives

This Canadian project is aimed at better breaking the cycle of smoking during pregnancy, or quitting and relapsing during postpartum; especially for young, disadvantaged women. Equally, it will address the apparent blockages to effective uptake by health professionals, of research evidence and better …

Are Adolescents Smoking Identities Valid Descriptors Of Their Smoking Behaviour?, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Chris G. Richardson, Pamela A. Ratner, Joy L. Johnson

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background: Studies have raised concerns regarding mismatches between researchers’ and adolescents’ characterizations of youth smoking behaviour; which may impede tobacco use prevention and cessation programs to reach their intended youth audience. Understanding how youth’s characterize their own smoking behaviour is an important factor for designing tailored interventions.

Objective: To address observations that youths’ smoking identities are valid descriptors of their smoking behaviour we examined the relationships between youths’ self-reported smoking identities, their perceived levels of addiction, and established taxonomies of smoking behaviour.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected on demographics, perceived extent of addiction to tobacco, smoking history, and self-reported smoking …

A Seven Month Old With Rash And Irritability: Kwashiorkor, John Ragsdale Md, Jonathan Lloyd, Erich C. Maul Do

Erich C. Maul DO MPH

No abstract provided.

Ranolazine Attenuates Behavioral Signs Of Neuropathic Pain, Harry J. Gould Iii, Colleen J. Garrett, Renee R. Donahue, Dennis Paul, Ivan Diamond, Bradley K. Taylor

Renee R. Donahue

Ranolazine modulates the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV 1.5) and is approved by the FDA in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Ranolazine also targets neuronal (NaV 1.7, 1.8) isoforms that are implicated in neuropathic pain. Therefore, we determined the analgesic efficacy of ranolazine in a preclinical animal model of neuropathic pain. Both intraperitoneal and oral administration of ranolazine dose-dependently inhibited the mechanical and cold allodynia associated with spared nerve injury, without producing ataxia or other behavioral side effects. These data warrant clinical investigation of the potential use of ranolazine in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Benign Pneumatosis Intestinalis In A Child With Cavopulmonary Shunt And Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Lindsay Burns Md, Erich C. Maul Do, Mph

Erich C. Maul DO MPH

No abstract provided.

Inborn Errors Of Metabolism, Erich C. Maul Do, Mph

Erich C. Maul DO MPH

No abstract provided.

Smoking Among Single Mothers: Results From Tobacco Use Supplement To Current Population Survey 2006-2007, Lava R. Timsina Mph, Mohammad Siahpush Phd, Pamela R. Jones Phd

Lava R Timsina MPH

Background: There is a paucity of research that examines the smoking behaviors of single mothers with dependent children in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the association of smoking and single motherhood in the United States.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2006-2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) were used. Analysis was limited to self-respondent women over 18 years of age (n=96,007). Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to estimate the association of current smoking status and single motherhood after adjusting for socioeconomic indicators, race/ethnicity, and age.

Results: Results indicated significant disparities in smoking …

Health Coverage In Kentucky's Community Newspapers: Toward A More Informed Populace, Anna G. Hoover, Al Cross

Anna G. Hoover

This study explores the role that Kentucky community newspapers play in providing information about health behaviors and their related outcomes. Through content analysis of sixteen newspapers, the researcher examines the amount of health behavior coverage, the most prevalent topics of the articles, and the article sources. The resulting data point to challenges related to 1) a lack of health coverage, 2) a need for better source attribution, and 3) a blurring of the lines between editorial and advertising content. Implications and future research directions are discussed.