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Population Council

2009

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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Final Evaluation Of The Project For Expanding The Role Of Networks Of People Living With Hiv/Aids, Young-Mi Kim, John Lukwago, Stella Neema Jan 2009

Final Evaluation Of The Project For Expanding The Role Of Networks Of People Living With Hiv/Aids, Young-Mi Kim, John Lukwago, Stella Neema

HIV and AIDS

In July 2006, the International HIV/AIDS Alliance launched a three-year project on Expanding the Role of Networks of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. The project, which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Uganda, sought to increase the involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in the HIV/AIDS response and to improve access to and utilization of prevention, treatment, care, and support services for PHA households. USAID/Uganda commissioned an evaluation of the project’s design, strategies, and performance in order to improve its implementation and learn from its successes and challenges. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive …

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The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Honduras 2005, Population Council Jan 2009

The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Honduras 2005, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Honduras 2005” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …

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The Copperbelt Model Of Integrated Care For Survivors Of Rape And Defilement: Testing The Feasibility Of Police Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills, Jill Keesbury, Mary Zama, Sudha Shreeniwas Jan 2009

The Copperbelt Model Of Integrated Care For Survivors Of Rape And Defilement: Testing The Feasibility Of Police Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills, Jill Keesbury, Mary Zama, Sudha Shreeniwas

Reproductive Health

The Zambian Ministry of Home Affairs (Police Service), Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Population Council collaborated on an operations research study designed to improve services for survivors of gender-based violence (GBV). Specifically, the study tested the feasibility of police provision of emergency contraception (EC). It also hypothesized that the intervention could strengthen GBV services at both police and health facilities through an increased emphasis on multisectoral collaboration. Based on the study’s findings, national scale-up of this program has been widely endorsed. The following recommendations are offered to guide such scale-up: ensure that a dedicated EC pill is available through …

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Translating Medical Evidence Into Practice: Working With Communities And Providers To Promote Active Management Of The Third Stage Of Labour, B. Subha Sri Jan 2009

Translating Medical Evidence Into Practice: Working With Communities And Providers To Promote Active Management Of The Third Stage Of Labour, B. Subha Sri

Reproductive Health

Although postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in India, and despite the fact that active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) has been established as a best practice, efforts to promote it have been limited. This paper documents the experiences of a project that aimed to enable the translation of available evidence regarding AMTSL into practice through two strategies, at community and provider levels respectively. Community-level activities included efforts to build awareness regarding safe delivery practices, sensitize individuals regarding the rights perspective and their entitlement to safe services, and facilitate the translation of this awareness into …

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Revitalizing Family Planning: Lessons Learned On Strengthening Contraceptive Provision, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2009

Revitalizing Family Planning: Lessons Learned On Strengthening Contraceptive Provision, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Attention and resources have gradually shifted from family planning (FP) in the past decade, but globally need remains high, with an estimated 350 million couples lacking access to FP. FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health Program findings can help address this need by providing useful lessons on process and impact of improving quality of care in clinics, feasibility and effectiveness of community‐based distribution, and proven ways to increase access to underutilized contraceptive methods. This evidence can help strengthen programs and can be used for advocacy in revitalizing FP efforts, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa where modern method contraceptive prevalence is only 16 percent. …

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Maximizing Utilization Of Research, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2009

Maximizing Utilization Of Research, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Operations research (OR) can only be judged successful if results are utilized for making decisions to strengthen RH/FP policies and service delivery. How can this best be achieved? How can both process and impact of OR be measured? Drawing from ten years of FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health OR experience, a number of key principles for promoting research utilization, illustrated with documented examples, are presented here. One important first step is clarifying terms used, almost interchangeably, in research utilization, as it incorporates a range of ways in which research can be used for making decisions to strengthen RH/FP policies and programs. …

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Capacity Building: Creating A Culture Of Evidence-Based Decisionmaking, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2009

Capacity Building: Creating A Culture Of Evidence-Based Decisionmaking, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

For research to have significant impact, it is important to have not only trained individuals and institutions capable of conducting research, but also program managers and donors who believe in making decisions based on evidence. The focus on fostering research utilization through capacity building has been a major contribution of the FRONTIERS legacy. The FRONTIERS capacity-building initiative began in 1999 in response to the need for developing-country partners and institutions to conduct research, understand study findings, and develop policies and programs based on evidence. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing major lessons learned in research conducted under the …

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Youth Reproductive Health: Investing In The Future, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2009

Youth Reproductive Health: Investing In The Future, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Youth—young people aged 10–24—constitute about a quarter of the world's population. Nearly three-quarters of these young people live in the developing world, and they suffer a disproportionate share of unplanned pregnancies, STIs including HIV, and other reproductive health (RH) problems. Research undertaken by FRONTIERS has shed light on numerous aspects of youth RH, including the information needs of young people, married adolescents, and parents and guardians. Findings from over 20 studies on youth RH provide important lessons about which interventions are effective, what kind of impact is possible, and what approaches have limited impact. This paper focuses on engaging all …

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Financial Sustainability Of Reproductive Health Services—Understanding Costs: An Essential Skill In Reproductive Health Programs, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2009

Financial Sustainability Of Reproductive Health Services—Understanding Costs: An Essential Skill In Reproductive Health Programs, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Reproductive health (RH) services remain a low priority for most developing country health programs and face continuing reductions in donor funding and competition from other priorities, such as HIV and malaria. Thus, it is important to understand the costs of interventions and to compare them with existing or alternative service-delivery strategies. FRONTIERS studies provide important lessons about measuring costs and effectiveness of public and nongovernmental programs, planning for costing during scale-up, and improving understanding of issues influencing financial sustainability. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing major lessons learned in research conducted under the FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health Program. …

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Pilot Community-Based Intervention To Address The Needs Of Elderly Caregivers In The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, Priscilla Reddy, Shegs James, H. Mutumba Bilay-Boon, Eka Esu-Williams, Hena Khan Jan 2009

Pilot Community-Based Intervention To Address The Needs Of Elderly Caregivers In The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, Priscilla Reddy, Shegs James, H. Mutumba Bilay-Boon, Eka Esu-Williams, Hena Khan

HIV and AIDS

The HIV epidemic in South Africa has placed a substantial burden on elderly caregivers, mainly women, who are often tasked with caring for their grandchildren who are orphaned and rendered vulnerable by the death or illness of their parents. The Medical Research Council (MRC), Age-in-Action, and the Horizons Program conducted formative research, as described in this research summary, to assess the needs of elderly caregivers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in 2005. The investigations revealed that elderly caregivers faced a number of challenges including difficulty communicating with youth, fears and a sense of hopelessness around matters regarding …

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Formative Evaluation: Presidential Initiative On Aids Strategy For Communication To Youth, Netsayi N. Mudege, Chi-Chi Undie Jan 2009

Formative Evaluation: Presidential Initiative On Aids Strategy For Communication To Youth, Netsayi N. Mudege, Chi-Chi Undie

HIV and AIDS

HIV prevention programming is increasingly taking place in school settings, which provide an expansive population of young people and offer immense potential for impact on the lives of this target group. The Presidential Initiative on AIDS Strategy for Communication to Youth (PIASCY) is a school-based program that has sought to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Uganda in a holistic manner since 2002, targeting young people, school personnel, parents, and the wider community. A formative evaluation was conducted by the African Population and Health Research Center in February 2009 to provide an understanding of: the extent to which PIASCY is achieving …

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The Overlooked Epidemic: Addressing Hiv Prevention And Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In Sub-Saharan Africa, National Aids Control Council Of Kenya, Population Council Jan 2009

The Overlooked Epidemic: Addressing Hiv Prevention And Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men In Sub-Saharan Africa, National Aids Control Council Of Kenya, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Globally, less than 1 out of 20 men who have sex with men (MSM) has access to HIV prevention and care. UNAIDS has estimated that at least 5 to 10 percent of all HIV infections globally occur through male-to-male sexual activity. In spite of the high risk of HIV infection and evidence of extensive sexual networks, national HIV programs in Africa have been slow to address MSM in prevention and treatment efforts. To address these issues, the Population Council and the National AIDS Control Council of Kenya convened a meeting on May 14–15, 2008. The goals of the meeting were …

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Technical Assistance To The Uganda Aids Commission For Operationallisation Of The Performance Monitoring And Management Plan, Frederick Makumbi, Roy Mayega, David Kisitu, Juliet Sekandi, Denis A. Bwesigye, Robert Miller, Sam Kalibala Jan 2009

Technical Assistance To The Uganda Aids Commission For Operationallisation Of The Performance Monitoring And Management Plan, Frederick Makumbi, Roy Mayega, David Kisitu, Juliet Sekandi, Denis A. Bwesigye, Robert Miller, Sam Kalibala

HIV and AIDS

The Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) has committed to rolling out and making operational a new National Performance Monitoring and Management Plan (PMMP) to monitor and evaluate the national response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The PMMP has at its core the collection and processing of 58 national indicators, 47 district output indicators, and 22 outcome indicators covering prevention, care, treatment, and social support. The rollout is challenging because at least seven organizations must collaborate at the national level, and appropriate staff at the district level need to be in place and trained in new procedures of data collection. In addition, these …

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Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Change Is Possible, Frontiers In Reproductive Health Jan 2009

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Change Is Possible, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Changing long-standing cultural practices—even when such practices are harmful—is difficult, but the impressive success in reducing the acceptability and incidence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in several settings shows it is possible. Research by FRONTIERS in Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, and Senegal has provided insight into the sociocultural and religious underpinnings of FGM/C and has identified approaches that, over time, have contributed to individual and community decisions to abandon the practice. This information can help reduce the risk of undergoing FGM/C faced by three million girls and women every year. This is one of eight Legacy Papers synthesizing …

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Sexual Violence: Setting The Research Agenda For Kenya, Catherine Maternowska, Jill Keesbury, Nduku Kilonzo Jan 2009

Sexual Violence: Setting The Research Agenda For Kenya, Catherine Maternowska, Jill Keesbury, Nduku Kilonzo

Reproductive Health

This research agenda is the result of a stakeholders’ meeting held in Nairobi on June 11–12, 2008, that identified, developed, and prioritized areas for research on sexual violence in Kenya. The meeting was convened by the Population Council, Liverpool VCT, Care & Treatment, and the International Centre of Reproductive Health, Kenya. Kenya’s research agenda is premised on the need to generate the evidence required to impact policy formulation and services strengthening. Knowledge gaps that form the basis of key research areas identified include the need to: 1) Understand the nature, contexts, and prevalence of sexual violence; 2) Document and evaluate …

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Mainstreaming Ec In Africa: The Ec Facilitative Re-Granting Program—Final Narrative Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Youmane Niang Faye, Victoria Rumbold Jan 2009

Mainstreaming Ec In Africa: The Ec Facilitative Re-Granting Program—Final Narrative Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Youmane Niang Faye, Victoria Rumbold

Reproductive Health

Since 2006, ECafrique has been working to build the capacity of African nongovernmental organizations to design, implement, and evaluate successful emergency contraception (EC) mainstreaming projects. Through a process of “facilitative regranting,” ECafrique annually awarded nine grants ranging from $25,000 to $30,000 to organizations from across Anglophone and Francophone Africa. The program’s objectives were to increase access to EC across Africa by supporting projects intended to introduce, scale up, or mainstream the method, and build the capacity of African NGOs to design, implement, and evaluate successful EC mainstreaming projects. Each grantee participated in an international proposal development workshop and received individualized …

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Operational Research For The Introduction Of An Adolescent Health Package In The Context Of Cervical Cancer Prevention, Marieke G. Van Dijk, Katherine Wilson, Claudia Diaz, Sandra G. Garcia Jan 2009

Operational Research For The Introduction Of An Adolescent Health Package In The Context Of Cervical Cancer Prevention, Marieke G. Van Dijk, Katherine Wilson, Claudia Diaz, Sandra G. Garcia

Reproductive Health

This report provides findings from a WHO/PAHO/UNFPA meeting that took place in Mexico City in 2009. Participants discussed a proposed operational research study on adolescent health and cervical cancer prevention that would help support countries that have already made or will soon make a policy decision to introduce the HPV vaccine. Adolescents typically have little contact with health services, particularly for immunization programs. Since new HPV vaccines target adolescent girls, the introduction of HPV vaccines may provide an opportunity for adolescents to engage more with health services and this may create openings to offer packages of adolescent health services that …

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Implementation Of Maternal Health Financial Scheme In Rural Bangladesh, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Ubaidur Rob, Tasnima Kibria Jan 2009

Implementation Of Maternal Health Financial Scheme In Rural Bangladesh, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Ubaidur Rob, Tasnima Kibria

Reproductive Health

The maternal mortality ratio in Bangladesh has declined from more than 600 per 100,000 live births in 1980 to 322 in 2004, yet it is still unacceptably high. Economic barriers are an important factor in deterring pregnant women from seeking services at health facilities. To achieve the country’s Millennium Development Goal of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to 143 by 2015, the Population Council conducted an operations research study to test the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing an innovative model of health care financing to increase utilization of maternal health services by poor, rural women. As this report notes, “Voucher …

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Special Needs Of In-School Hiv Positive Young People In Uganda, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire, Hannington Nkayivu, Aggrey David Kibenge Jan 2009

Special Needs Of In-School Hiv Positive Young People In Uganda, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Anne Katahoire, Hannington Nkayivu, Aggrey David Kibenge

Reproductive Health

Since 2006, the Population Council has pioneered operations research in collaboration with local partners in Uganda to promote the sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people aged 10–19 years infected with HIV. Key findings show that many young people perinatally infected with HIV want to be in school to avoid social isolation, and about 70 percent of them attend school. However, there has been limited understanding of how the education sector should support this vulnerable group of learners. The objective of this study was to explore the special needs of HIV-positive young people in primary and secondary schools …

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An Assessment Of Sexual And Gender Based Violence In Wajir District, North Eastern Kenya, Gladys K. Mwangi, Jaldesa Guyo Jan 2009

An Assessment Of Sexual And Gender Based Violence In Wajir District, North Eastern Kenya, Gladys K. Mwangi, Jaldesa Guyo

Reproductive Health

A 2006 baseline survey conducted by CARE Kenya indicated that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is widespread throughout Kenya’s North Eastern Province. Other findings revealed that high levels of stigma and gender imbalances are associated with sexual violence and female genital mutilation (FGM) and that a coordinated approach to responding to the service needs of survivors is missing. As noted in this report, there is limited awareness of the legal mechanisms available to survivors. The Population Council’s study in Wajir District ascertained the need for and possible components of an integrated and comprehensive services model that could meet the needs …

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Manual For Designing Community Based Interventions For Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage (Pph) Using Misoprostol: Standardized Pilot-Test Training Manual, Saumya Ramarao, Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Sarah Raifman Jan 2009

Manual For Designing Community Based Interventions For Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage (Pph) Using Misoprostol: Standardized Pilot-Test Training Manual, Saumya Ramarao, Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Sarah Raifman

Reproductive Health

This manual is a comprehensive, standardized, step-by-step guide for Population Council staff to use when designing and implementing community-based pilot interventions for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage using misoprostol. The introduction and background section provide basic information about maternal mortality, normal and abnormal pregnancy, and postpartum hemorrhage. This section also describes prevailing methods of prevention and treatment for postpartum hemorrhage, active management of the third stage of labor, and use of misoprostol for the prevention and control of postpartum hemorrhage. The second half of the manual focuses on how to develop a protocol for an intervention study on misoprostol. It …

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Ecp Handbook: Introducing And Mainstreaming The Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills In Developing Countries, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold Jan 2009

Ecp Handbook: Introducing And Mainstreaming The Provision Of Emergency Contraceptive Pills In Developing Countries, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold

Reproductive Health

For many women, emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) offer an opportunity to prevent unintended pregnancy following contraceptive method failure, rape, or unprotected sex. Access to this safe, effective option remains an essential element of women’s quality reproductive health care. However, ECPs remain inaccessible across much of the world, particularly in developing countries where limited commodity supplies, provider competency, public awareness, and misinformation routinely coalesce to restrict availability. While ECPs have been introduced on a pilot basis in many countries, their effective integration into both the public and private sectors has lagged. Successful interventions are guided by the principle that provision of …

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Improving The Quality Of Family Planning And Reproductive Tract Infection Services For Urban Slum Populations: Demand-Based Reproductive Health Commodity Project, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, Md. Mafizur Rahman Jan 2009

Improving The Quality Of Family Planning And Reproductive Tract Infection Services For Urban Slum Populations: Demand-Based Reproductive Health Commodity Project, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, Md. Mafizur Rahman

Reproductive Health

Quality of care has been a neglected dimension of family planning (FP) services for a long time in Bangladesh. Furthermore, effective programs are yet to be implemented to address the imbalance in contraceptive method mix. As outlined in this report, efforts were made through an operations research project to improve the quality of FP and reproductive tract infection (RTI) services provided by NGO clinics in selected slums in Bangladesh. The capacity of these NGO clinics to offer high-quality services to slum neighborhoods was strengthened by training service providers, strengthening service delivery points, and improving counseling services to ensure client satisfaction. …

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Mainstreaming Emergency Contraception In Kenya: Final Project Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Francis Obare, Paul Kuria Jan 2009

Mainstreaming Emergency Contraception In Kenya: Final Project Report, Jill Keesbury, Wilson Liambila, Francis Obare, Paul Kuria

Reproductive Health

For more than a decade, advocates have sought to improve access to emergency contraception (EC) around the world. These efforts have been highly successful in Europe and North America, have generated much debate in Latin America, and are beginning to take hold in Asia. In Africa, however, the success of EC programs remains limited. Even in countries where the regulatory environment is favorable, resource constraints within the public sector limit the ability to provide consistent and quality EC services at low cost. In a growing number of African countries, the private sector has emerged to fill these gaps, increasing access …

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Multi-Sectoral Approaches To Preventing Sexual Assault And Domestic Violence: A Collective Force To Stop The Violence, Population Council Jan 2009

Multi-Sectoral Approaches To Preventing Sexual Assault And Domestic Violence: A Collective Force To Stop The Violence, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Multi-Sectoral Approaches to Preventing Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Symposium took place May 6–7, 2009, in Gauteng, South Africa. The symposium aimed to: increase awareness of sexual assault and domestic violence and its relationship to HIV and AIDS among decision-makers; promote evidence-based programming for practitioners; advocate for increased preventative measures and service delivery around sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in the public and private sectors; facilitate networking, strengthen and develop partnerships, and create opportunities for ongoing collaboration between key stakeholders; and inspire a coordinated plan of action for prevention that supports the government’s 365-day plan. South Africa has some …

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Reference Guides For Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation For High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services—Appendixes, Patricia Riveros, Erica Palenque, Ricardo Vernon, Ignacio Carreno, John H. Bratt Jan 2009

Reference Guides For Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation For High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services—Appendixes, Patricia Riveros, Erica Palenque, Ricardo Vernon, Ignacio Carreno, John H. Bratt

Reproductive Health

Bolivia’s Integral Health Coordination Program (PROCOSI), a network of 33 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) providing reproductive health care, has long promoted gender sensitivity as a necessary component of high-quality health care. PROCOSI encourages member NGOs to address gender-based differences in roles, relationships, access to services, and service needs in their reproductive health programs. Included in this document are the Appendixes to “The Reference Guides for Health Care Organizations Seeking Accreditation for High-Quality, Gender-Sensitive Reproductive Health Services,” which provide guidance to help health-care organizations and NGOs implement high-quality, gender-sensitive standards to achieve certification for their member clinics and administrative centers. The procedures …

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Enquête Sur La Contraception D'Urgence (Cu) Au Niveau Des Pharmacies, Nafissatou J. Diop, Babacar Mane, Ousseynou Faye, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Thiaba Thiaw, Aissatou Sano Coly, Fatou Mbow, Youmane Niang Faye Jan 2009

Enquête Sur La Contraception D'Urgence (Cu) Au Niveau Des Pharmacies, Nafissatou J. Diop, Babacar Mane, Ousseynou Faye, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Thiaba Thiaw, Aissatou Sano Coly, Fatou Mbow, Youmane Niang Faye

Reproductive Health

La Division de la santé de la reproduction (DRH) avec l’aide du Population Council a mené ces dernières années un programme de recherche opérationnelle sur la contraception d’urgence (CU). L’objectif de cette recherche a été de fournir des informations de base à utiliser dans l’élaboration d’une stratégie pour la promotion de l’utilisation de la CU au Sénégal. Des études ont montré qu’un accès rapide à une méthode de CU entraînerait une réduction significative de l’étendue des grossesses non désirées et des avortements chez les femmes. Cependant, malgré le fait que l’OMS ait recommandé l’intégration de la CU dans les programmes …

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Guide Pour Les Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence : Introduire Et Développer L'Offre Des Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence Dans Les Pays En Voie De Développement, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold Jan 2009

Guide Pour Les Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence : Introduire Et Développer L'Offre Des Pilules De Contraception D'Urgence Dans Les Pays En Voie De Développement, Sharif M.I. Hossain, M.E. Khan, Ricardo Vernon, Jill Keesbury, Ian Askew, John Townsend, Victoria Rumbold

Reproductive Health

Pendant plus d'une décennie, les défenseurs ont cherché à améliorer l'accès à la contraception d'urgence (CU) dans le monde. Ces efforts ont été couronnés de succès en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, ont suscité de nombreux débats en Amérique latine et commencent à prendre racine en Asie. En Afrique, cependant, le succès des programmes communautaires reste limité. Même dans les pays où l'environnement réglementaire est favorable, les contraintes de ressources au sein du secteur public limitent la capacité de fournir des services de CU cohérents et de qualité à faible coût. Dans un nombre croissant de pays africains, le …

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The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Turkey 2003, Population Council Jan 2009

The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data To Identify And Reach The Most Vulnerable Young People—Turkey 2003, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

“The Adolescent Experience In-Depth: Using Data to Identify and Reach the Most Vulnerable Young People: Turkey 2003” is part of a series of Population Council guides that draw principally on data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to provide decisionmakers at all levels—from governments, nongovernmental organizations, and advocacy groups—with evidence on the situation of adolescent girls and boys and young women aged 10–24 years. The data are presented in graphs, tables, and maps (wherever possible), providing multiple formats to make the information accessible to a range of audiences. Section I is the Foreword. Section II offers brief technical notes specific …

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Hazards And Gender In Children's Work: An Egyptian Perspective, Nadia Zibani Jan 2009

Hazards And Gender In Children's Work: An Egyptian Perspective, Nadia Zibani

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Girls and boys can and do work. They work for a variety of reasons related to poverty or failures in educational systems, and they work to support themselves and their families or to learn skills for future careers. The types of work carried out by children often differ according to the gender of the child. Additionally, the hazards they face in their work can also be differentiated on the basis of gender. The present study attempts to develop a better understanding of the gender aspects of children’s work with a particular focus on the gender-differentiated hazards that exist therein. This …

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