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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Large Plasmids Of Avian Escherichia Coli Isolates, Dawn M. Doetkott, Lisa K. Nolan, Catherine W. Giddings, David L. Berryhill
Large Plasmids Of Avian Escherichia Coli Isolates, Dawn M. Doetkott, Lisa K. Nolan, Catherine W. Giddings, David L. Berryhill
Lisa K. Nolan
The plasmid DNA of 30 Escherichia coli isolates from chickens was extracted and examined using techniques designed to isolate large plasmids. This plasmid DNA was examined for the presence of certain known virulence-related genes including cvaC, tra7 and some aerobactin-related sequences. Seventeen of the 30 isolates contained from one to four plasmids greater than 50 kb in size. Eleven of these 17 strains possessed plasmids greater than 100 kb in size. Therefore, E. coli isolates of chickens frequently contain large plasmids, and many of these plasmids are likely to contain virulence related sequences.
Passage Of Cd18- And Cd18+ Bovine Neutrophils Into Pulmonary Alveoli During Acute Pasteurella Haemolytica Pneumonia, Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., K. A. Brogden
Passage Of Cd18- And Cd18+ Bovine Neutrophils Into Pulmonary Alveoli During Acute Pasteurella Haemolytica Pneumonia, Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., K. A. Brogden
Mark R. Ackermann
CD18 is a subunit for three β2 integrin molecules (Mac-1, p150, 95, LFA-1), which are expressed on the plasma membrane of neutrophils. These molecules mediate passage of neutrophils into sites of infection. In children and animals that lack CD18 expression, neutrophil infiltration is impaired in most tissues. However, in lung, CD18-neutrophils have been identified in the airway spaces during spontaneous episodes of pneumonia. To determine whether CD18 is vital for passage through the pulmonary alveolar wall, lung lobes of cattle with neutrophils that were deficient in CD18 expression (CD18-) and cattle with normal CD18 expression (CD18+) were inoculated with Pasteurella …
Capsular Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Adhesion Of Pasteurella Multocida To Turkey Air Sac Macrophages, Ingrid M. Pruimboom, Richard B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, Kim A. Brogden
Capsular Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Adhesion Of Pasteurella Multocida To Turkey Air Sac Macrophages, Ingrid M. Pruimboom, Richard B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, Kim A. Brogden
Mark R. Ackermann
Serogroup A strains of Pasteurella multocida, the major cause of fowl cholera, are resistant to phagocytosis in nonimmunized birds. Adherence studies with a capsulated strain of P multocida (serotype A:3) and turkey air sac macrophages in culture showed that the bacteria were capable of adhering in large numbers to the macrophages but were not internalized. A noncapsulated variant of the bacteria (serotype -:3) showed little or no adherence and was not internalized. These data indicated that the adhesive properties were caused by the presence of a capsule on the bacteria. The role of capsular hyaluronic acid in adherence to macrophages …
Comparison Of Polyclonal Antibodies To Three Different Preparations Of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis In Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Johne's Disease In Cattle, Judith R. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann, Jesse P. Goff
Comparison Of Polyclonal Antibodies To Three Different Preparations Of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis In Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Johne's Disease In Cattle, Judith R. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann, Jesse P. Goff
Mark R. Ackermann
Polyclonal antisera were raised in rabbits against preparations of live and heat-killed Mycobac-terium paratuberculosis and cell-wall proteins of M. paratuberculosis and were evaluated as diagnostic tools in immunohistochemical staining of bovine tissue. Live preparations of M. paratuberculosis (LMp) were inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously at 109/ml. Heat-killed M. paratuberculosis (HKMp) was prepared by treatment of bacteria at 85 C for 10 minutes. Cell-wall proteins were isolated from M. paratuberculosis and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin to improve antigenicity (KLH-CWPMp). The HKMp and KLH-CWPMp preparations were emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant before subcutaneous inoculation of rabbits. Antibody titers in the terminal blood …
Analysis Of Plasmids Cloned From A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli And Transformed Into Escherichia Coli Dh5Α, Richard E. Wooley, Penelope S. Gibbs, Harry W. Dickerson, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Analysis Of Plasmids Cloned From A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli And Transformed Into Escherichia Coli Dh5Α, Richard E. Wooley, Penelope S. Gibbs, Harry W. Dickerson, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Lisa K. Nolan
Three of four plasmids from a virulent wild-type avian Escherichia coli were cloned or transformed into an avirulent laboratory recipient E. coli DH5a and tested for the ability to confer a virulence phenotype. The three plasmids transformed into E. coli DH5a were 5, 6, and 56 kb. A fourth plasmid of 64 kb was not successfully transformed. Parameters used to measure virulence included presence of type 1 pili and a smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer, motility, production of Colicin V, resistance to host complement, and embryo lethality. The 5-kb plasmid encoded for ampicillin resistance, whereas the 6-kb plasmid encoded for tetracycline …
Multicentric Malignant Lymphoma In A Pallid Bat, Claire B. Andreasen, Julie R. Dulmstra
Multicentric Malignant Lymphoma In A Pallid Bat, Claire B. Andreasen, Julie R. Dulmstra
Claire B. Andreasen
A 2.5-year-old, female pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) was captured in Oregon (USA) in 1990 and later died in 1992. At the time of death, abdominal distension due to ascites, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly, and a cheek mass were noted. Based on histologic examination of these tissues, a diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma was made. Retroviral particles were not found on electron microscopic examination.
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enters Cells Through A Low Ph-Dependent Endocytic Pathway, Luiz C. Kreutz, Mark R. Ackermann
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enters Cells Through A Low Ph-Dependent Endocytic Pathway, Luiz C. Kreutz, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
The entry pathway of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) into MARC-145 cells was investigated using a variety of drugs that interfere with the pH of intracellular vesicles by different mechanisms. Virus entry was assessed by measuring viral RNA replication or production of infectious virus. Chloroquine, ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 inhibited RNA replication or production of infectious virus in a dose-dependent manner. These drugs inhibited virus replication when added to the cells prior to, at infection or soon after infection. Moreover, the effect of chloroquine on PRRSV replication was reversible under acidic conditions of the media. Taken together, …
Alimentary And Respiratory Tract Lesions In Eight Medically Fragile Holstein Cattle With Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (Blad), Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., J. A. Laufer, L. T. Nutsz
Alimentary And Respiratory Tract Lesions In Eight Medically Fragile Holstein Cattle With Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (Blad), Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., J. A. Laufer, L. T. Nutsz
Mark R. Ackermann
Lesions in the alimentary tract were studied in eight medically fragile Holstein cattle homozygous for the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) allele as determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. These cattle received institutional medical care but died or were euthanatized because of chronic debilitation associated with diarrhea (6/8) and pneumonia (4/8). The six cattle with diarrhea had acute (n = 3) or chronic (n = 3) intestinal ulcers, but the other two remained relatively healthy for 3 years and did not develop intestinal tract ulcers. Ulcerated areas were present in the small intestine in six animals, and …
Low Calcium Diet And 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Infusion Modulate Immune Responses During Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection In Geige Mice, Judith R. Stabel, Jesse P. Goff, Diana L. Whipple, Mark R. Ackermann, Timothy A. Reinhardt
Low Calcium Diet And 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Infusion Modulate Immune Responses During Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection In Geige Mice, Judith R. Stabel, Jesse P. Goff, Diana L. Whipple, Mark R. Ackermann, Timothy A. Reinhardt
Mark R. Ackermann
A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a low calcium (Ca) diet or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) infusion on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Male beige mice 6–8 weeks of age were assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-infected, (2) infected, (3) non-infected/1,25(OH)2D3, (4) infected/1,25(OH)2D3, and (5) infected/low Ca (0.15%) diet. Infected mice were inoculated intravenously with live M. paratuberculosis. At 1, 6 and 12 months postinfection, mice in Treatments 3 and 4 were implanted subcutaneously with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 1,25(OH)2D3. Infusion with 1,25(OH)2D3 exacerbated M. paratuberculosis infection in …
Serum Chemistry Of Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus), Jerry R. Heidel, L. Michael Philo, Thomas F. Albert, Claire B. Andreasen, Bernadette V. Stang
Serum Chemistry Of Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus), Jerry R. Heidel, L. Michael Philo, Thomas F. Albert, Claire B. Andreasen, Bernadette V. Stang
Claire B. Andreasen
Sera of 19 male and female bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) collected near Barrow, Alaska (USA) between 30 August and 13 October 1992 were evaluated for 18 serum chemistry values. Male bowhead whales had significantly greater creatinine and sodium concentrations, and significantly lower glucose concentrations than females. Pregnant females had greater triglyceride levels than non-pregnant females. The mean concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, and calcium were similar to those previously reported from bowhead whales. High aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels were attributed to muscle damage associated with harpooning.
Comparison Of The Effect Of Different Opsonins On The Phagocytosis Of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria By Chicken Heterophils, Claire B. Andreasen, James R. Andreasen Jr., Anita E. Sonn, Julie A. Oughton
Comparison Of The Effect Of Different Opsonins On The Phagocytosis Of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria By Chicken Heterophils, Claire B. Andreasen, James R. Andreasen Jr., Anita E. Sonn, Julie A. Oughton
Claire B. Andreasen
Heterophil phagocytosis of fluorescein-labeled staphylococcal bacteria was analyzed by flow cytometry. Opsonization with two types of normal pooled sera and staphylococcal antisera significantly increased bacterial phagocytosis compared to samples without an opsonin. The staphylococcal antisera did not significantly increase bacterial phagocytosis compared to the normal pooled sera. Opsonization appears to increase bacterial phagocytosis but specific antisera may not increase phagocytosis beyond that caused by pooled normal sera.