Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Clinical And Mucosal Immune Correlates Of Hiv-1 Semen Levels In Antiretroviral-Naive Men., Brendan J W Osborne, Angie K Marsh, Sanja Huibner, Kamnoosh Shahabi, Cindy Liu, Tania Contente, Nico J D Nagelkerke, Colin Kovacs, Erika Benko, Lance Price, Kelly S Macdonald, Rupert Kaul

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background.

This study was done to characterize parameters associated with semen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load (VL) variability in HIV-infected, therapy-naive men. Methods.

Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 30 HIV-infected, therapy-naive men who have sex with men, and 13 participants were observed longitudinally for up to 1 year. Human immunodeficiency virus RNA, bacterial load by 16S RNA, herpesvirus (Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) shedding, and semen cytokines/chemokines were quantified, and semen T-cell subsets were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. Results.

Semen HIV RNA was detected at 93% of visits, with >50% of men …

Ct And Pet Findings For Urachal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report, Merissa Zeman, Ethan Silver, Esma A. Akin

Radiology Faculty Publications

As urachal adenocarcinomas are rare cancers, experience with diagnosing and staging them are limited. To help illustrate CT and PET imaging findings and the role they each play in the workup of urachal adenocarcinomas, we present the case of a 43 y.o. male who was diagnosed at our institution with a T3aN0M0 high grade mucin-producing urachal adenocarcinoma.

Composite Iron Oxide–Prussian Blue Nanoparticles For Magnetically Guided T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Photothermal Therapy Of Tumors, Shraddha Kale, Rachel Burga, Elizabeth E. Sweeney, Zungho Zun, Raymond Sze, Anthony Tuesca, J Anand Subramony, Rohan Fernandes

Radiology Faculty Publications

Theranostic nanoparticles offer the potential for mixing and matching disparate diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities within a single nanoparticle for the personalized treatment of diseases. In this article, we present composite iron oxide-gadolinium-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles (Fe3O4@GdPB) as a novel theranostic agent for T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. These particles combine the well-described properties and safety profiles of the constituent Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gadolinium-containing Prussian blue nanoparticles. The Fe3O4@GdPB nanoparticles function both as effective MRI contrast agents and PTT agents as determined by characterizing studies performed in vitro and retain their properties in the presence …

Press-Pulse: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For The Metabolic Management Of Cancer, Thomas Seyfried, George Yu, Joseph Maroon, Dominic D'Agostino

Urology Faculty Publications

Background

A shift from respiration to fermentation is a common metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. As a result, glucose and glutamine become the prime fuels for driving the dysregulated growth of tumors. The simultaneous occurrence of “Press-Pulse” disturbances was considered the mechanism responsible for reduction of organic populations during prior evolutionary epochs. Press disturbances produce chronic stress, while pulse disturbances produce acute stress on populations. It was only when both disturbances coincide that population reduction occurred.

Methods

This general concept can be applied to the management of cancer by creating chronic metabolic stresses on tumor cell energy metabolism (press disturbance) …

H-Ipse Is A Pathogen-Secreted Host Nucleus Infiltrating Protein (Infiltrin) 3 Expressed Exclusively By The Schistosoma Haematobium Egg Stage, Luke Pennington, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Evaristus Mbanefo, Debalina Ray, David Heery, Theodore Jardetzky, Michael Hsieh, Franco Falcone

Urology Faculty Publications

Urogenital schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma haematobium, affects over 112 million people worldwide. As with S. mansoniinfections, the pathology in urogenital schistosomiasis is mainly related to the egg stage, which induces granulomatous inflammation of affected tissues. Schistosoma eggs and their secretions have been studied extensively for the related S. mansoniorganism which is more amenable to laboratory studies. Indeed, we have shown that IPSE/alpha-1 (M-IPSE herein), a major protein secreted from S .mansoni eggs, can infiltrate host cells. Although M-IPSE function is unknown, its ability to translocate to their nucleus and bind DNA suggests a possible …

The Effect Of Hiv Infection And Hcv Viremia On Inflammatory Mediators And Hepatic Injury-The Women's Interagency Hiv Study., Sheila M Keating, Jennifer L Dodge, Philip J Norris, John Heitman, Stephen J Gange, Audrey L French, Marshall J Glesby, Brian R Edlin, Patricia S Latham, Maria C Villacres, Ruth M Greenblatt, Marion G Peters

Pathology Faculty Publications

Hepatitis C virus infection induces inflammation and while it is believed that HIV co-infection enhances this response, HIV control may reduce inflammation and liver fibrosis in resolved or viremic HCV infection. Measurement of systemic biomarkers in co-infection could help define the mechanism of inflammation on fibrosis and determine if HIV control reduces liver pathology. A nested case-control study was performed to explore the relationship of systemic biomarkers of inflammation with liver fibrosis in HCV viremic and/or seropositive women with and without HIV infection. Serum cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cell adhesion molecules were measured in HIV uninfected (HIV-, n = …

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: International Society For The Study Of Women's Sexual Health (Isswsh) Expert Consensus Panel Review., Irwin Goldstein, Noel N Kim, Anita H Clayton, Leonard R Derogatis, Annamaria Giraldi, Sharon J Parish, James Pfaus, James A Simon, Sheryl A Kingsberg, Cindy Meston, Stephen M Stahl, Kim Wallen, Roisin Worsley

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

The objective of the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health expert consensus panel was to develop a concise, clinically relevant, evidence-based review of the epidemiology, physiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), a sexual dysfunction affecting approximately 10% of adult women. Etiologic factors include conditions or drugs that decrease brain dopamine, melanocortin, oxytocin, and norepinephrine levels and augment brain serotonin, endocannabinoid, prolactin, and opioid levels. Symptoms include lack or loss of motivation to participate in sexual activity due to absent or decreased spontaneous desire, sexual desire in response to erotic cues or stimulation, …

Movement To Outpatient Hysterectomy For Benign Indications In The United States, 2008-2014., Gaby Moawad, Emelline Liu, Chao Song, Alex Z Fu

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Introduction

The past decade has witnessed adoption of conservative gynecologic treatments, including minimally invasive surgery (MIS), alongside steady declines in inpatient hysterectomies. It remains unclear what factors have contributed to trends in outpatient benign hysterectomy (BH), as well as whether these trends exacerbate disparities.

Materials and methods

Retrospective cohort of 527,964 women ≥18 years old who underwent BH from 2008 to 2014. BH surgical approaches included: open/abdominal hysterectomy (AH), vaginal hysterectomy (VH), laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), and robotic-assisted hysterectomy (RH). Quarterly frequencies were calculated by care setting and surgical approach. We used multilevel logistic regression (MLR) using the most recent year …

The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: A Multinational Longitudinal Study Of Ultrasound Biometric Measurements And Estimated Fetal Weight., Torvid Kiserud, Gilda Piaggio, Guillermo Carroli, Mariana Widmer, José Carvalho, Lisa Neerup Jensen, Sameera A Talegawkar, +Several Additional Authors

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Perinatal mortality and morbidity continue to be major global health challenges strongly associated with prematurity and reduced fetal growth, an issue of further interest given the mounting evidence that fetal growth in general is linked to degrees of risk of common noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. Against this background, WHO made it a high priority to provide the present fetal growth charts for estimated fetal weight (EFW) and common ultrasound biometric measurements intended for worldwide use.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a multinational prospective observational longitudinal study of fetal growth in low-risk singleton pregnancies of women of high or middle …

Antibiotic Prophylaxis In Orbital Fractures., Benjamin Reiss, Lamise Rajjoub, Tamer Mansour, Tony Chen, Aisha Mumtaz

Ophthalmology Faculty Publications

Purpose:

To determine whether prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with orbital fracture prevent orbital infection.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Participants:

All patients diagnosed with orbital fracture between January 1, 2008 and March 1, 2014 at The George Washington University Hospital and Clinics.

Main Outcome Measures:

Development of orbital infection.

Results:

One hundred seventy-two patients with orbital fracture met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. No orbital infections were documented. Twenty subjects (12%) received no prophylactic antibiotic, and two (1%) received only one dose of antibiotics pre-operatively for surgery. For primary antibiotic, 136 subjects (79%) received oral antibiotics, and 14 (8%) received …

Deep Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis Of Murine Wound Healing: Effects Of A Multicomponent, Multitarget Natural Product Therapy-Tr14, Georges St. Laurent Iii, Bernd Seilheimer, Michael Tackett, Jianhua Zhou, Dmitry Shtokalo, Ian Toma, +Several Additional Authors

Clinical Research and Leadership Faculty Publications

Wound healing involves an orchestrated response that engages multiple processes, such as hemostasis, cellular migration, extracellular matrix synthesis, and in particular, inflammation. Using a murine model of cutaneous wound repair, the transcriptome was mapped from 12 h to 8 days post-injury, and in response to a multicomponent, multi-target natural product, Tr14. Using single-molecule RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), there were clear temporal changes in known transcripts related to wound healing pathways, and additional novel transcripts of both coding and non-coding genes. Tr14 treatment modulated >100 transcripts related to key wound repair pathways, such as response to wounding, wound contraction, and cytokine response. …

Doodle Health: A Crowdsourcing Game For The Co-Design And Testing Of Pictographs To Reduce Disparities In Healthcare Communication, Carrie Christensen, Doug Redd, Erica Lake, Jean P. Shipman, Heather Aiono, Roger Altizer Jr., Bruce Bray, Qing Zeng

Clinical Research and Leadership Faculty Publications

Supplementing patient education content with pictographs can improve the comprehension and recall of information, especially patients with low health literacy. Pictograph design and testing, however, are costly and time consuming.

We created a Web-based game, Doodle Health, for crowdsourcing the drawing and validation of pictographs. The objective of this pilot study was to test the usability of the game and its appeal to healthcare consumers. The chief purpose of the game is to involve a diverse population in the co-design and evaluation of pictographs.

We conducted a community-based focus group to inform the game design. Game designers, health sciences librarians, …

Statin Use And Risk Of Developing Diabetes: Results From The Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Prevention Program(Dpp) Research Group, Marinella G. Temprosa

GW Biostatistics Center

Objective Several clinical trials of cardiovascular disease prevention with statins have reported increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with statin therapy. However, participants in these studies were at relatively low risk for diabetes. Further, diabetes was often based on self-report and was not the primary outcome. It is unknown whether statins similarly modify diabetes risk in higher risk populations.

Research design and methods During the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (n=3234), the long-term follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of interventions to prevent T2DM, incident diabetes was assessed by annual 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing and semiannual fasting …

Neurosurgery Concepts: Key Perspectives On Imaging Characteristics Of Spinal Metastases, Surgery For Low Back Pain, Anesthesia For Disc Surgery, And Laminectomy Versus Laminectomy And Fusion For Lumbar Spondylolisthesis., Carlito Lagman, Lawrance K Chung, Luke Macyszyn, Winward Choy, Zachary A Smith, Nader S Dahdaleh, Angela M Bohnen, Jin M Cho, Chaim B Colen, Edward Duckworth, Anand V Germanwala, Peter Kan, Alexander A Khalessi, Chae-Yong Kim, Sandi Lam, Gordon Li, Michael Lim, Jonathan H Sherman, Vincent Y Wang, Gabriel Zada, Isaac Yang

Neurological Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.