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Articles 31 - 60 of 81
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Capsular Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Adhesion Of Pasteurella Multocida To Turkey Air Sac Macrophages, Ingrid M. Pruimboom, Richard B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, Kim A. Brogden
Capsular Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Adhesion Of Pasteurella Multocida To Turkey Air Sac Macrophages, Ingrid M. Pruimboom, Richard B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann, Kim A. Brogden
Mark R. Ackermann
Serogroup A strains of Pasteurella multocida, the major cause of fowl cholera, are resistant to phagocytosis in nonimmunized birds. Adherence studies with a capsulated strain of P multocida (serotype A:3) and turkey air sac macrophages in culture showed that the bacteria were capable of adhering in large numbers to the macrophages but were not internalized. A noncapsulated variant of the bacteria (serotype -:3) showed little or no adherence and was not internalized. These data indicated that the adhesive properties were caused by the presence of a capsule on the bacteria. The role of capsular hyaluronic acid in adherence to macrophages …
Comparison Of Polyclonal Antibodies To Three Different Preparations Of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis In Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Johne's Disease In Cattle, Judith R. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann, Jesse P. Goff
Comparison Of Polyclonal Antibodies To Three Different Preparations Of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis In Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Johne's Disease In Cattle, Judith R. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann, Jesse P. Goff
Mark R. Ackermann
Polyclonal antisera were raised in rabbits against preparations of live and heat-killed Mycobac-terium paratuberculosis and cell-wall proteins of M. paratuberculosis and were evaluated as diagnostic tools in immunohistochemical staining of bovine tissue. Live preparations of M. paratuberculosis (LMp) were inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously at 109/ml. Heat-killed M. paratuberculosis (HKMp) was prepared by treatment of bacteria at 85 C for 10 minutes. Cell-wall proteins were isolated from M. paratuberculosis and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin to improve antigenicity (KLH-CWPMp). The HKMp and KLH-CWPMp preparations were emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant before subcutaneous inoculation of rabbits. Antibody titers in the terminal blood …
Analysis Of Plasmids Cloned From A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli And Transformed Into Escherichia Coli Dh5Α, Richard E. Wooley, Penelope S. Gibbs, Harry W. Dickerson, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Analysis Of Plasmids Cloned From A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli And Transformed Into Escherichia Coli Dh5Α, Richard E. Wooley, Penelope S. Gibbs, Harry W. Dickerson, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Lisa K. Nolan
Three of four plasmids from a virulent wild-type avian Escherichia coli were cloned or transformed into an avirulent laboratory recipient E. coli DH5a and tested for the ability to confer a virulence phenotype. The three plasmids transformed into E. coli DH5a were 5, 6, and 56 kb. A fourth plasmid of 64 kb was not successfully transformed. Parameters used to measure virulence included presence of type 1 pili and a smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer, motility, production of Colicin V, resistance to host complement, and embryo lethality. The 5-kb plasmid encoded for ampicillin resistance, whereas the 6-kb plasmid encoded for tetracycline …
Multicentric Malignant Lymphoma In A Pallid Bat, Claire B. Andreasen, Julie R. Dulmstra
Multicentric Malignant Lymphoma In A Pallid Bat, Claire B. Andreasen, Julie R. Dulmstra
Claire B. Andreasen
A 2.5-year-old, female pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) was captured in Oregon (USA) in 1990 and later died in 1992. At the time of death, abdominal distension due to ascites, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly, and a cheek mass were noted. Based on histologic examination of these tissues, a diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma was made. Retroviral particles were not found on electron microscopic examination.
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enters Cells Through A Low Ph-Dependent Endocytic Pathway, Luiz C. Kreutz, Mark R. Ackermann
Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Enters Cells Through A Low Ph-Dependent Endocytic Pathway, Luiz C. Kreutz, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
The entry pathway of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) into MARC-145 cells was investigated using a variety of drugs that interfere with the pH of intracellular vesicles by different mechanisms. Virus entry was assessed by measuring viral RNA replication or production of infectious virus. Chloroquine, ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 inhibited RNA replication or production of infectious virus in a dose-dependent manner. These drugs inhibited virus replication when added to the cells prior to, at infection or soon after infection. Moreover, the effect of chloroquine on PRRSV replication was reversible under acidic conditions of the media. Taken together, …
Alimentary And Respiratory Tract Lesions In Eight Medically Fragile Holstein Cattle With Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (Blad), Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., J. A. Laufer, L. T. Nutsz
Alimentary And Respiratory Tract Lesions In Eight Medically Fragile Holstein Cattle With Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (Blad), Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., J. A. Laufer, L. T. Nutsz
Mark R. Ackermann
Lesions in the alimentary tract were studied in eight medically fragile Holstein cattle homozygous for the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) allele as determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. These cattle received institutional medical care but died or were euthanatized because of chronic debilitation associated with diarrhea (6/8) and pneumonia (4/8). The six cattle with diarrhea had acute (n = 3) or chronic (n = 3) intestinal ulcers, but the other two remained relatively healthy for 3 years and did not develop intestinal tract ulcers. Ulcerated areas were present in the small intestine in six animals, and …
Low Calcium Diet And 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Infusion Modulate Immune Responses During Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection In Geige Mice, Judith R. Stabel, Jesse P. Goff, Diana L. Whipple, Mark R. Ackermann, Timothy A. Reinhardt
Low Calcium Diet And 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Infusion Modulate Immune Responses During Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection In Geige Mice, Judith R. Stabel, Jesse P. Goff, Diana L. Whipple, Mark R. Ackermann, Timothy A. Reinhardt
Mark R. Ackermann
A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a low calcium (Ca) diet or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) infusion on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Male beige mice 6–8 weeks of age were assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-infected, (2) infected, (3) non-infected/1,25(OH)2D3, (4) infected/1,25(OH)2D3, and (5) infected/low Ca (0.15%) diet. Infected mice were inoculated intravenously with live M. paratuberculosis. At 1, 6 and 12 months postinfection, mice in Treatments 3 and 4 were implanted subcutaneously with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 1,25(OH)2D3. Infusion with 1,25(OH)2D3 exacerbated M. paratuberculosis infection in …
Serum Chemistry Of Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus), Jerry R. Heidel, L. Michael Philo, Thomas F. Albert, Claire B. Andreasen, Bernadette V. Stang
Serum Chemistry Of Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus), Jerry R. Heidel, L. Michael Philo, Thomas F. Albert, Claire B. Andreasen, Bernadette V. Stang
Claire B. Andreasen
Sera of 19 male and female bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) collected near Barrow, Alaska (USA) between 30 August and 13 October 1992 were evaluated for 18 serum chemistry values. Male bowhead whales had significantly greater creatinine and sodium concentrations, and significantly lower glucose concentrations than females. Pregnant females had greater triglyceride levels than non-pregnant females. The mean concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, and calcium were similar to those previously reported from bowhead whales. High aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels were attributed to muscle damage associated with harpooning.
Comparison Of The Effect Of Different Opsonins On The Phagocytosis Of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria By Chicken Heterophils, Claire B. Andreasen, James R. Andreasen Jr., Anita E. Sonn, Julie A. Oughton
Comparison Of The Effect Of Different Opsonins On The Phagocytosis Of Fluorescein-Labeled Staphylococcal Bacteria By Chicken Heterophils, Claire B. Andreasen, James R. Andreasen Jr., Anita E. Sonn, Julie A. Oughton
Claire B. Andreasen
Heterophil phagocytosis of fluorescein-labeled staphylococcal bacteria was analyzed by flow cytometry. Opsonization with two types of normal pooled sera and staphylococcal antisera significantly increased bacterial phagocytosis compared to samples without an opsonin. The staphylococcal antisera did not significantly increase bacterial phagocytosis compared to the normal pooled sera. Opsonization appears to increase bacterial phagocytosis but specific antisera may not increase phagocytosis beyond that caused by pooled normal sera.
Invasion Of Caco-2 Cells By Salmonella Typhimurium (Copenhagen) Isolates From Healthy And Sick Chickens, Theodore J. Kottom, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown
Invasion Of Caco-2 Cells By Salmonella Typhimurium (Copenhagen) Isolates From Healthy And Sick Chickens, Theodore J. Kottom, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown
Lisa K. Nolan
In a previous study, Salmonella isolates of sick birds were distinguished from those of apparently healthy birds by their high degree of invasion of tissue culture cells. In this study, a single pair of Salmonella isolates was examined to determine the source of this observed difference in invasion. When isolates were allowed to invade Caco-2 cells for 8 hours, the isolate from the sick bird (S) appeared to invade in greater numbers than did the isolate from the healthy bird (H). However, when invasion was distinguished from intracellular growth/survival, it was found that H invaded in greater numbers than S, …
Influence Of Chondroitinase On Indirect Hemagglutination Titers And Phagocytosis Of Pasteurella Multocida Serogroups A, D And F, Richard B. Rimler, Karen B. Register, Tibor Magyar, Mark R. Ackermann
Influence Of Chondroitinase On Indirect Hemagglutination Titers And Phagocytosis Of Pasteurella Multocida Serogroups A, D And F, Richard B. Rimler, Karen B. Register, Tibor Magyar, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
Capsules of Pasteurella multocida serogroups A, D and F contain mucopolysaccharides which block antigenic determinants and prevent phagocytosis. In this study, capsules of serogroup A, D and F strains of P. multocida were depolymerized by enzyme treatment. Capsule depolymerization of serogroup D and F strains with chondroitinase increased indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test titers and enhanced phagocytosis by swine neutrophils. Capsule depolymerization of serogroup A strains with hyaluronidase increased IHA titers, but depolymerization with chondroitinase did not. When serogroup A strains were treated with a combination of chondroitinase and hyaluronidase, IHA test titers were lower than titers of the same strains …
Nonradioactive Colony Lift-Hybridization Assay For Detection Of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Infection In Swine, K. B. Register, Mark R. Ackermann, D. W. Dyer
Nonradioactive Colony Lift-Hybridization Assay For Detection Of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Infection In Swine, K. B. Register, Mark R. Ackermann, D. W. Dyer
Mark R. Ackermann
Current methods for the isolation and identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica from clinical samples are time-consuming and are based, in part, on subjective observations. We describe the use of a Bordetella-specific DNA probe in a nonradioactive colony lift-hybridization assay for the identification of B. bronchiseptica. Eleven of 82 clinical specimens were found to contain B. bronchiseptica by this method, while only 5 of these were reported to contain the organism when the specimens were analyzed by traditional methods. The chromosomal fragment containing a sequence complementary to the probe appeared to be conserved in B. bronchiseptica isolates from swine from a variety …
Influence Of Inoculation Route On The Carrier State Of Salmonella Choleraesuis In Swine, Jeffrey T. Gray, Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Thomas J. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann
Influence Of Inoculation Route On The Carrier State Of Salmonella Choleraesuis In Swine, Jeffrey T. Gray, Paula J. Fedorka-Cray, Thomas J. Stabel, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
This study was designed to investigate the carrier state of swine infected with Salmonella choleraesuis. Thirty-five pigs were divided into 3 groups. Groups 1 (n = 15) and 2 (n = 16) were challenged with 108 CFU of S. choleraesuis intranasally or by gastric route, respectively. Group 3 (n = 4) served as uninoculated controls. Pigs were necropsied at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks post inoculation. Clinical signs and microscopic lesions were more severe for group 1. Salmonella choleraesuis was recovered from a greater percentage of tissue samples for group 1 versus group 2 at 2, 4, and 6 …
Thoracoabdominal Myelolipomas And Carcinoma In A Lovebird (Agapomis Sp.), James R. Andreasen Jr., Claire B. Andreasen, Kenneth S. Latimer, Jeri L.H. Oliphant
Thoracoabdominal Myelolipomas And Carcinoma In A Lovebird (Agapomis Sp.), James R. Andreasen Jr., Claire B. Andreasen, Kenneth S. Latimer, Jeri L.H. Oliphant
Claire B. Andreasen
Myelolipomas are uncommon benign tumors composed of mature fat cells and hematopoietic cells (myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid) in various proportions.1,4 In humans, these neoplasms rarely cause symptoms unless they are unusually large or unless they hemorrhage. Myelolipomas have been found incidentally at postmortem examination; however, their antemortem diagnosis is becoming more common in humans with increased use of ultrasound and computed tomography. In contrast, myelolipomas are reported infrequently in animals. Carcinomas (malignant tumors of epithelial origin) are found in many species of animals. In this report, we describe 2 intraabdominal myelolipomas and a cranial thoracic carcinoma of undetermined origin in …
Gene Evolution Of Epoxide Hydrolases And Recommended Nomenclature, Jeffrey K. Beetham, David Grant, Michael Arand, Joan Garbarino, Tomohiro Kiyosue, Franck Pinot, Franz Oesch, William R. Belknap, Kazuo Shinosaki, Bruce D. Hammock
Gene Evolution Of Epoxide Hydrolases And Recommended Nomenclature, Jeffrey K. Beetham, David Grant, Michael Arand, Joan Garbarino, Tomohiro Kiyosue, Franck Pinot, Franz Oesch, William R. Belknap, Kazuo Shinosaki, Bruce D. Hammock
Jeffrey K. Beetham
We have analyzed amino acid sequence relationships among soluble and microsomal epoxide hydrolases, haloacid dehalogenases, and a haloalkane dehalogenase. The amino-terminal residues (1-229) of mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase are homologous to a haloacid dehalogenase. The carboxy-terminal residues (230-554) of mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase are homologous to haloalkane dehalogenase, to plant soluble epoxide hydrolase, and to microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The shared identity between the haloacid and haloalkane dehalogenases does not indicate relatedness between these two types of dehalogenases. The amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal homologies of mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase to. the respective dehalogenases suggests that this epoxide hydrolase, but not the soluble …
Non-Opsonic Attachment Of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Mediated By Cd11/Cd18 And Cell Surface Carbohydrates, Karen B. Register, Mark R. Ackermann, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr.
Non-Opsonic Attachment Of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Mediated By Cd11/Cd18 And Cell Surface Carbohydrates, Karen B. Register, Mark R. Ackermann, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr.
Mark R. Ackermann
Porcine atrophic rhinitis associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica is characterized by a severe inflammatory response in the mucosa of the nasal turbinates. Initial infiltrates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are followed by accumulations of mononuclear cells. In this report, we have investigated the interaction between porcine PMN and B. bronchiseptica. PMN incubated in PBS with a fluorescently labeled hemagglutinating porcine isolate, but not a non-hemagglutinating variant, had high levels of cell-associated fluorescence as determined by flow cytometry. Light microscopy indicated that most cell-associated bacteria were ingested. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular bacteria, which were contained within membrane-bound phagosomes. A …
Pulmonary Lesions In Fetuses Exposed In Utero To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Kelly M. Lager, Mark R. Ackermann
Pulmonary Lesions In Fetuses Exposed In Utero To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Kelly M. Lager, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
The salient features of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) epizootic include respiratory disease followed by reproductive failure. The respiratory component is usually recognized first in finishing pigs or in the breeding herd as a mild flu-like disease with a high morbidity for all ages and high mortality in younger pigs. In breeding herds, acute maternal reproductive failure often follows the onset of respiratory disease. PRRS is characterized by a sudden increase in early farrowings, late-term abortions, stillborn and mummified fetuses, weak neonates with high mortality, late returns to estrus, and repeat breeders. No consistent histopathology has been obseived …
Distribution Of Anti-Cd68 (Ebm11) Immunoreactivity In Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Bovine Tissues, Mark R. Ackermann, B. M. Debey, T. J. Stabel, J. H. Gold, K. B. Register, J. T. Meehan
Distribution Of Anti-Cd68 (Ebm11) Immunoreactivity In Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Bovine Tissues, Mark R. Ackermann, B. M. Debey, T. J. Stabel, J. H. Gold, K. B. Register, J. T. Meehan
Mark R. Ackermann
A commercially acquired anti-human macrophage antibody (anti-CD68; EBM11) was used in an immunocytochemical technique to detect macrophages in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from cattle, pigs, humans, rats, turkeys, dogs, and cats. In healthy cattle, the antibody labeled alveolar macrophages, pulmonary intravascular cells (presumably intravascular macrophages), and macrophage-like cells in other tissues. In bovine lungs infected with Pasteurella haemolytica, EBM11 antibody labeled 95% of alveolar macrophages and macrophages within alveolar septa but only 0–2% of streaming or “oat” leukocytes. Alveolar macrophages were also stained by EBM11 in pigs but not in rats, turkeys, dogs, and cats. The antibody also stained macrophage aggregates …
Phenotypic Expression Of Recombinant Plasmids Pkt107 And Phk11 In An Avirulent Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown, Penelope S. Gibbs, Denise I. Bounous
Phenotypic Expression Of Recombinant Plasmids Pkt107 And Phk11 In An Avirulent Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown, Penelope S. Gibbs, Denise I. Bounous
Lisa K. Nolan
An avirulent wild-type avian Escherichia coli strain (Av) was electrotransformed with plasmids coding for complement resistance (pKT107) and Colicin V (ColV) production (pHK11) in order to study the effects of complement resistance and ColV production on virulence. Transformants were also compared with the wild type for embryo lethality, uptake by macrophages, motility, growth rate, plasmid content, and hemolysis. Growth rates and complement resistance patterns of strain Av and transformant Av+pHK1 1 were similar, but Av+pHK11 caused a significantly greater number of deaths in embryos and acquired motility. Transformant Av+pKT107 had a lower rate of phagocytosis, a slower growth rate, and …
Characterization Of An Avirulent Mutant Of A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli Isolate, Lisa K. Nolan, Richard E. Wooley, Catherine W. Giddings, John Brown
Characterization Of An Avirulent Mutant Of A Virulent Avian Escherichia Coli Isolate, Lisa K. Nolan, Richard E. Wooley, Catherine W. Giddings, John Brown
Lisa K. Nolan
A virulent, complement-resistant avian Escherichia co/lisolate and its avirulent, complement-sensitive, transposon-insertion mutant were compared for the purpose of revealing structures associated with complement resistance. Both had a smooth lipopolysaccharide layer, contained traT, and lacked a capsule, but the mutant possessed a 16.2-kilodalton outer-membrane protein (OMP) not present in the wild-type. This protein may be the product of a coding region interrupted by transposon insertion. Such results suggest that an OMP greater than 16.2 kilodaltons in size may be responsible for the complement resistance and virulence of this wild-type E. coli.
Infected Cell Types In Ovine Lung Following Exposure To Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, J. T. Meehan, R. C. Cutlip, H. D. Lehmkuhl, J. P. Kluge, Mark R. Ackermann
Infected Cell Types In Ovine Lung Following Exposure To Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, J. T. Meehan, R. C. Cutlip, H. D. Lehmkuhl, J. P. Kluge, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
Sixteen adult sheep (ten females, six males obtained from a closed flock at National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA) were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus strain 375 (BRSV), and lung tissues were stained for viral antigen. Two infected sheep were euthanatized at each of the following post-inoculation times: 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 hours. Lung, nasal turbinates, trachea, right cranial bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen were collected for histologic evaluation. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique was performed on routine paraffin-embedded sections of lung tissue, trachea, turbinates, and bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes …
Effect Of Normal Intestinal Flora Of Chickens On Colonization By Virulent Colicin V-Producing, Avirulent, And Mutant Colicin V-Producing Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Penelope S. Gibbs, Lisa K. Nolan, Kathy R. Turner
Effect Of Normal Intestinal Flora Of Chickens On Colonization By Virulent Colicin V-Producing, Avirulent, And Mutant Colicin V-Producing Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Penelope S. Gibbs, Lisa K. Nolan, Kathy R. Turner
Lisa K. Nolan
Colonization of the intestinal tracts of newly hatched chicks with Escherichia coli was attempted by swabbing test organisms onto the air-shell of 19-day-old embryos. Test organisms consisted of two virulent E. coli isolates, one avirulent isolate, and one laboratory-derived mutant of the avirulent isolate carrying a recombinant plasmid coding for Colicin V production. Chicks were cultured weekly for 3 weeks for total E. coliand for the test organisms using selective media. Control chicks were sampled on weeks 1 and 5, and the normal E. coli intestinal microflora were examined for the production of colicins. The two virulent E. coli isolates …
Association Of K-1 Capsule, Smooth Lipopolysaccharides, Trat Gene, And Colicin V Production With Complement Resistance And Virulence Of Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown, Penelope S. Gibbs, Catherine W. Giddings, Kathy S. Turner
Association Of K-1 Capsule, Smooth Lipopolysaccharides, Trat Gene, And Colicin V Production With Complement Resistance And Virulence Of Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Lisa K. Nolan, John Brown, Penelope S. Gibbs, Catherine W. Giddings, Kathy S. Turner
Lisa K. Nolan
A group of complement-resistant, virulent avian Eschberichia coli isolates were compared with a group of complement-sensitive, avirulent avian isolates for the presence of K-1 capsule, smooth lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the traT gene, and Colicin V (ColV) production. These parameters were selected because of their reported association with complement resistance and virulence in E. coli. Lethality in chicken embryos has also been shown to be correlated with virulence of avian E. colifor chickens. The complement-resistant, virulent E. coli isolates did not possess a K-1 capsule. Production of ColV and the presence of smooth LPS were significantly correlated with embryo lethality. There was …
Identification Of Β2 Integrins In Bovine Neutrophils By Scanning Electron Microscopy In The Backscatter Mode And Transmission Electron Microscopy, Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., H. K. Hawkins, J. L. Amenson, J. E. Gallagher
Identification Of Β2 Integrins In Bovine Neutrophils By Scanning Electron Microscopy In The Backscatter Mode And Transmission Electron Microscopy, Mark R. Ackermann, M. E. Kehrli Jr., H. K. Hawkins, J. L. Amenson, J. E. Gallagher
Mark R. Ackermann
Mac-I, LFA-I, and p150,95 are β2 integrin glycoproteins present in the plasma membranes of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Protection Of Pasteurella Multocida Dermonecrotic Toxin-Challenged Rats By Toxoid-Induced Antibody, R. K. Pettit, R. B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann
Protection Of Pasteurella Multocida Dermonecrotic Toxin-Challenged Rats By Toxoid-Induced Antibody, R. K. Pettit, R. B. Rimler, Mark R. Ackermann
Mark R. Ackermann
Two different doses of glutaraldehyde-treated Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) were used to immunize rats. Rats developed serum IgG antibodies specific for native PMDT, and IgG titers increased with dose and number of toxoid immunizations. Survival rates in both active immunization and passive serum neutralization experiments were dependent on dose of toxoid vaccination and serum levels of anti-PMDT IgG. Vaccination with toxoid prevented weight loss but not leukocytosis and increased complement titers in toxin-challenged rats. Toxoid, itself, induced minimal leukocytosis but no alterations in complement titers or weight gain.
Heterophil Chemotaxis In Chickens With Natural Staphylococcal Infections, James R. Andreasen Jr., Claire B. Andreasen, Mohammad Anwer, Anita E. Sonn
Heterophil Chemotaxis In Chickens With Natural Staphylococcal Infections, James R. Andreasen Jr., Claire B. Andreasen, Mohammad Anwer, Anita E. Sonn
Claire B. Andreasen
Heterophil chemotaxis using heterophils isolated from the peripheral blood of five commercial broiler chickens naturally infected with staphylococcal bacteria was compared by the modified Boyden-chamber technique with chemotaxis of heterophils from two chickens from the same flock not infected with Staphylococcus (field controls) and from four healthy laboratory control broiler chickens. The infected chickens had gross and histologic lesions of staphylococcal tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis. Staphylococci were isolated from the lesions. Hematologic parameters and histologic lesions of infected chickens also were examined. Compared with field and laboratory controls, Staphylococcus-infected chickens had heterophilic leukocytosis. The heterophils of Staphylococcus-infected chickens had significantly lower …
Chicken Heterophil Chemotaxis Using Staphylococcus-Generated Chemoattractants, James R. Andreasen Jr., Claire B. Andreasen, Mohammad Anwer, Anita E. Sonn
Chicken Heterophil Chemotaxis Using Staphylococcus-Generated Chemoattractants, James R. Andreasen Jr., Claire B. Andreasen, Mohammad Anwer, Anita E. Sonn
Claire B. Andreasen
Heterophil chemotaxis, in response to chemotactic factors generated by three different strains of staphylococcal bacteria, was measured using the modified Boyden-chamber technique. Heterophils were obtained from healthy 6-to-8-week-old broiler chickens. Each bacterial strain generated factors that were chemotactic for chicken heterophils. Factors generated by two pathogenic isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, however, induced significantly greater chemotaxis in chicken heterophils than those generated by a nonpathogenic Staphylococcus isolate.
Failure Of The Congo Red Dye Uptake Test To Discriminate Between Virulent And Avirulent Avian Escherichia Coli, Kathy R. Spears, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Failure Of The Congo Red Dye Uptake Test To Discriminate Between Virulent And Avirulent Avian Escherichia Coli, Kathy R. Spears, Richard E. Wooley, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan
Lisa K. Nolan
Twenty avian Escherichia coli isolates from normal and diseased chickens were compared by use of three virulence tests. These tests included the uptake of Congo red dye, an embryo lethality test, and a quantitative microtiter complement resistance test. A direct correlation was seen between the results of the complement resistance test and the embryo lethality test. The results of the Congo red test did not correlate with the two other tests.
Identification And Prevalence Of A Genetic Defect That Causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency In Holstein Cattle, Dale E. Shuster, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr., Mark R. Ackermann, R. O. Gilbert
Identification And Prevalence Of A Genetic Defect That Causes Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency In Holstein Cattle, Dale E. Shuster, Marcus E. Kehrli Jr., Mark R. Ackermann, R. O. Gilbert
Mark R. Ackermann
Two point mutations were identified within the gene encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the highly conserved extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein, a region where several mutations have been found to cause human LAD. The other mutation is silent. Twenty calves with clinical symptoms of LAD were tested, and all were homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, two calves homozygous for the D128G allele were identified during widespread DNA testing, and both were subsequently found to …
Relationship Of Complement Resistance And Selected Virulence Factors In Pathogenic Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Kathy R. Spears, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan, Oscar J. Fletcher
Relationship Of Complement Resistance And Selected Virulence Factors In Pathogenic Avian Escherichia Coli, Richard E. Wooley, Kathy R. Spears, John Brown, Lisa K. Nolan, Oscar J. Fletcher
Lisa K. Nolan
Complement resistance, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence profiles of 80 Escherichia coli isolates from the intestines of normal chickens (40 isolates) and chickens diagnosed as having colisepticemia (40 isolates) were compared. Differences were observed between the two groups for antibiotic resistance, siderophore production, presence of type 1 pili, complement resistance, motility, and size of plasmids. The systemic isolates were more likely to have siderophores and type 1 pili, and to be complement-resistant and motile than were the intestinal isolates. No differences between the two groups were observed for colicin production. Further comparison of the 10 most complement-resistant isolates from the …