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- Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series (21)
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Articles 61 - 66 of 66
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Semiparametric Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis To Evaluate Biomarkers For Disease, Tianxi Cai, Margaret S. Pepe
Semiparametric Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis To Evaluate Biomarkers For Disease, Tianxi Cai, Margaret S. Pepe
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a popular method for characterizing the accuracy of diagnostic tests when test results are not binary. Various methodologies for estimating and comparing ROC curves have been developed. One approach, due to Pepe, uses a parametric regression model with the baseline function specified up to a finite-dimensional parameter. In this article we extend the regression models by allowing arbitrary nonparametric baseline functions. We also provide asymptotic distribution theory and procedures for making statistical inference. We illustrate our approach with dataset from a prostate cancer biomarker study. Simulation studies suggest that the extra flexibility inherent …
Semi-Parametric Regression For The Area Under The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe
Semi-Parametric Regression For The Area Under The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Medical advances continue to provide new and potentially better means for detecting disease. Such is true in cancer, for example, where biomarkers are sought for early detection and where improvements in imaging methods may pick up the initial functional and molecular changes associated with cancer development. In other binary classification tasks, computational algorithms such as Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Evolutionary Algorithms have been applied to areas as diverse as credit scoring, object recognition, and peptide-binding prediction. Before a classifier becomes an accepted technology, it must undergo rigorous evaluation to determine its ability to discriminate between states. Characterization of …
The Analysis Of Placement Values For Evaluating Discriminatory Measures, Margaret S. Pepe, Tianxi Cai
The Analysis Of Placement Values For Evaluating Discriminatory Measures, Margaret S. Pepe, Tianxi Cai
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
The idea of using measurements such as biomarkers, clinical data, or molecular biology assays for classification and prediction is popular in modern medicine. The scientific evaluation of such measures includes assessing the accuracy with which they predict the outcome of interest. Receiver operating characteristic curves are commonly used for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests. They can be applied more broadly, indeed to any problem involving classification to two states or populations (D = 0 or D = 1). We show that the ROC curve can be interpreted as a cumulative distribution function for the discriminatory measure Y in the …
Case-Control Current Status Data, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Case-Control Current Status Data, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Current status observation on survival times has recently been widely studied. An extreme form of interval censoring, this data structure refers to situations where the only available information on a survival random variable, T, is whether or not T exceeds a random independent monitoring time C, a binary random variable, Y. To date, nonparametric analyses of current status data have assumed the availability of i.i.d. random samples of the random variable (Y, C), or a similar random sample at each of a set of fixed monitoring times. In many situations, it is useful to consider a case-control sampling scheme. Here, …
Current Status Data: Review, Recent Developments And Open Problems, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
Current Status Data: Review, Recent Developments And Open Problems, Nicholas P. Jewell, Mark J. Van Der Laan
U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Researchers working with survival data are by now adept at handling issues associated with incomplete data, particular those associated with various forms of censoring. An extreme form of interval censoring, known as current status observation, refers to situations where the only available information on a survival random variable T is whether or not T exceeds a random independent monitoring time C. This article contains a brief review of the extensive literature on the analysis of current status data, discussing the implications of response-based sampling on these methods. The majority of the paper introduces some recent extensions of these ideas to …
Assessing The Accuracy Of A New Diagnostic Test When A Gold Standard Does Not Exist, Todd A. Alonzo, Margaret S. Pepe
Assessing The Accuracy Of A New Diagnostic Test When A Gold Standard Does Not Exist, Todd A. Alonzo, Margaret S. Pepe
UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
Often the accuracy of a new diagnostic test must be assessed when a perfect gold standard does not exist. Use of an imperfect test biases the accuracy estimates of the new test. This paper reviews existing approaches to this problem including discrepant resolution and latent class analysis. Deficiencies with these approaches are identified. A new approach is proposed that combines the results of several imperfect reference tests to define a better reference standard. We call this the composite reference standard (CRS). Using the CRS, accuracy can be assessed using multistage sampling designs. Maximum likelihood estimates of accuracy and expressions for …