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Articles 31 - 60 of 255
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Stability Of Psychiatric Patients' Perceptions Of Their Admission Experience, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress, Lee Ritterband
Stability Of Psychiatric Patients' Perceptions Of Their Admission Experience, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress, Lee Ritterband
Norman Poythress
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the stability (i.e., consistency of patients’ responses over time) of newly developed scales to measure the admission experience of psychiatric hospitalization. Eighty-four psychiatric patients involuntarily committed to a crisis stabilization unit participated. All participants were admitted under an emergency petition or ex parte order for a psychiatric evaluation. Patients were interviewed soon after admission (M 5 3.33 days, SD 5 1.86 days). The test–retest interval was 24–48 hours with most (83.3%) re-evaluated at 24 hours. Overall, the measures showed acceptable levels of stability (r ’s range from .62 to .72). Factors …
Correlates Of Perceived Coercion During Psychiatric Hospital Admission, Michelle Cascardi, Norman Poythress
Correlates Of Perceived Coercion During Psychiatric Hospital Admission, Michelle Cascardi, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
The objectives of this study were to replicate the study of C. W. Lidz et al (see record 1996-15479-001); examine the differences in perceptions about hospital admission for voluntary and involuntary patients (16 yr olds and older), all of whom had been involuntarily detained initially for psychiatric evaluation; and examine the impact of community members vs hospital staff, locus of control, and psychiatric symptom severity on patients' perceptions of coercion. Results substantiate earlier findings of Lidz et al in that legal status (involuntary), procedural justice, and negative pressures are significantly related to perceived coercion. Although all patients in this study …
Controversies In Evaluating Competency To Stand Trial, Norman Poythress, P. Zapf
Controversies In Evaluating Competency To Stand Trial, Norman Poythress, P. Zapf
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Further Validation Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory Among Offenders: Personality And Behavioral Correlates, John Edens, Norman Poythress, M. Watkins
Further Validation Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory Among Offenders: Personality And Behavioral Correlates, John Edens, Norman Poythress, M. Watkins
Norman Poythress
The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) is a relatively new self-report measure that has shown considerable promise as an index of psychopathic traits in both nonoffender and offender samples. The present study examined the construct validity and predictive utility of the PPI by examining its association with theoretically relevant scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) among 60 male prison inmates, and its ability to predict institutional misbehavior in an expanded sample (n = 89). As expected, correlations with the PAI scales were highest for the Antisocial Features (ANT) and Aggression (AGG) scales (rs = …
Correspondence Between Self-Report And Interview-Based Assessments Of Antisocial Personality Disorder, Laura Guy, Norman Poythress, Kevin Douglas, Jennifer Skeem, John Edens
Correspondence Between Self-Report And Interview-Based Assessments Of Antisocial Personality Disorder, Laura Guy, Norman Poythress, Kevin Douglas, Jennifer Skeem, John Edens
Norman Poythress
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is associated with suicide, violence, and risk-taking behavior and can slow response to first-line treatment for Axis I disorders. ASPD may be assessed infrequently because few efficient diagnostic tools are available. This study evaluated 2 promising self-report measures for assessing ASPD--the ASPD scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4; S. E. Hyler, 1994) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; L. Morey, 1991, 2007)--as well as the ASPD module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II; M. B. First, R. L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J. B. W. Williams, and L. S. Benjamin, 1997). The …
A Client-Based Description Of Reflecting Team-Work In Family Therapy , David Brown
A Client-Based Description Of Reflecting Team-Work In Family Therapy , David Brown
David C. Brown
Though the practice of reflecting team-work has a strong theoretical base there has been little research examining its actual use. What has been written is primarily based on the therapist's and/or supervisor's experience, rather than the client's. This dissertation describes clients' perceptions of two different strategies of reflecting team-work that emerged from interviews conducted and analyzed using a moderately structured ethnographic interview methodology. The primary results suggested that reflecting team-work was helpful in providing clients with different perspectives; that in-room teams should be used sparingly during early therapy; that teams should reflect at least twice in-session; and that a three-person …
Reliability Of Risk Assessment Measures Used In Sexually Violent Predator Proceedings, Cailey Miller, Randy Otto, Eva Kimonis, Adam Wasserman
Reliability Of Risk Assessment Measures Used In Sexually Violent Predator Proceedings, Cailey Miller, Randy Otto, Eva Kimonis, Adam Wasserman
Eva Kimonis
The field interrater reliability of three assessment tools frequently used by mental health professionals when evaluating sex offenders’ risk for reoffending—the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), the Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool–Revised (MnSOST-R) and the Static-99—was examined within the context of sexually violent predator program proceedings. Rater agreement was highest for the Static-99 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC1] .78) and lowest for the PCL-R (ICC1 .60; MnSOST-R ICC1 .74), although all instruments demonstrated lower field reliability than that reported in their test manuals. Findings raise concerns about the reliability of risk assessment tools that are used to inform judgments of risk in high-stake …
Construct Validity Of The Youth Psychopathic Features Inventory (Ypi) And The Antisocial Process Screening Device (Apsd) With Justice Involved Adolescents, Norman Poythress, Richard Dembo, Jennifer Wareham, Paul Greenbaum
Construct Validity Of The Youth Psychopathic Features Inventory (Ypi) And The Antisocial Process Screening Device (Apsd) With Justice Involved Adolescents, Norman Poythress, Richard Dembo, Jennifer Wareham, Paul Greenbaum
Norman Poythress
Two measures of psychopathic features in youths, the self-report version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) and the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) were administered to 165 youths in a juvenile diversion program. For both measures, internal consistency was poor for the scales that assess the affective domain of psychopathic features; otherwise, internal consistency was excellent for the YPI and generally superior to that of the APSD. However, the published three-factor models for both measures did not replicate when examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Both measures obtained the expected correlations with measures of a variety of criminal justice (e.g., …
The Macarthur Adjudicative Competence Study: A Comparison Of Criteria For Assessing The Competence Of Criminal Defendants, Richard Bonnie, Steven Hoge, John Monahan, Norman Poythress
The Macarthur Adjudicative Competence Study: A Comparison Of Criteria For Assessing The Competence Of Criminal Defendants, Richard Bonnie, Steven Hoge, John Monahan, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
A set of measures assessing competence-related abilities was administered to three groups of criminal defendants: a group committed for restoration of competence, a group identified by jail personnel as mentally ill but not incompetent, and a group without identified mental disorder. Data from this study were used to test key assumptions bearing on the legal criteria for adjudicative competence. The. data show that among defendants able to understand the nature and purpose of the criminal proceedings, a significant proportion have an impaired ability to appreciate their situations as criminal defendants or to communicate relevant information to counsel; among defendants able …
Evaluating The Efficiency And Community Safety Goals Of The Broward County Mental Health Court, Annette Christy, Norman Poythress, Roger Boothroyd, John Petrila
Evaluating The Efficiency And Community Safety Goals Of The Broward County Mental Health Court, Annette Christy, Norman Poythress, Roger Boothroyd, John Petrila
Norman Poythress
Mental health courts have developed as one response to persons with mental illness who are involved with the criminal justice system. This study investigated the efficiency and safety goals of one such court in Broward County, FL. Mental health court (MHC) clients spent significantly fewer days in jail for the index arrest associated with study enrollment than a comparison group. MHC clients had similar survival time to re-arrest up to one year after study enrollment. MHC clients did not significantly differ from the comparison group in selfreported aggressive acts over an 8 month follow-up period, while they did self-report significantly …
Types Of Aggression, Responsiveness To Provocation, And Callous-Unemotional Traits In Detained Adolescents, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Types Of Aggression, Responsiveness To Provocation, And Callous-Unemotional Traits In Detained Adolescents, Luna Muñoz, Paul Frick, Eva Kimonis, Katherine Aucoin
Eva Kimonis
The present study investigated differences in the behavioral and psychophysiological responses to provocation and in the level of callous-unemotional traits in boys exhibiting different patterns of aggression. Eighty-five boys (ages 13–18) in a juvenile detention center played a competitive computer task against a hypothetical peer who provided low and high levels of provocation. Youth high on both self-reported reactive and proactive aggression showed different behavioral responses to provocation than youth high on only reactive aggression. Specifically, the combined group showed high levels of aggressive responses without any provocation, whereas the group high on reactive aggression showed an increase in aggressive …
Procedural Preferences, Perceptions Of Fairness, And Compliance With Outcomes: A Study Of Alternatives To The Standard Adversary Trial Procedure, Norman Poythress
Procedural Preferences, Perceptions Of Fairness, And Compliance With Outcomes: A Study Of Alternatives To The Standard Adversary Trial Procedure, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
Mental health professionals (N=198) read a vignette describing malpractice case and were asked to imagine themselves in the role of defendant. Using a between-subjects design, each subject was offered two possible trial procedures for resolving the case, the standard adversary procedure (ADVERS) and one of five possible hybrid procedures. Using scales that juxtaposed these two procedures, subjects provided judgments on 12 procedural justice dimensions. A series of regression analyses examined the most important determinants of PREFERENCE judgments, FAIRNESS ratings, and ratings of imagined COMPLIANCE with trial outcomes. PREFERENCE raings were significantly influenced by perceived FAIRNESS of the procedures and by …
Legal, Ethical, And Methodological Considerations In The Internet-Based Study Of Child Pornography Offenders, James Ray, Eva Kimonis, Christine Donoghue
Legal, Ethical, And Methodological Considerations In The Internet-Based Study Of Child Pornography Offenders, James Ray, Eva Kimonis, Christine Donoghue
Eva Kimonis
With its ever-growing penetration of remote regions of the world, the Internet provides great opportunity for conducting research. Beyond clear advantages such as increased cost-effectiveness and efficiency in collecting large samples, Internet-based research has proven particularly useful in reaching hidden or marginalized populations who engage in illegal or deviant behaviors. However, this new medium for research raises important and complex legal, ethical, and methodological/technological issues that researchers must address, particularly when studying undetected criminal behaviors. The current paper chronicles various issues that were encountered in the implementation of an active Internet-based pilot research study of child pornography (CP) users. Moreover, …
The Relationship Between Psychopathic Features, Violence And Treatment Outcome: The Comparison Of Three Youth Measures Of Psychopathic Features, Sarah Spain, Kevin Douglas, Norman Poythress, Monica Epstein
The Relationship Between Psychopathic Features, Violence And Treatment Outcome: The Comparison Of Three Youth Measures Of Psychopathic Features, Sarah Spain, Kevin Douglas, Norman Poythress, Monica Epstein
Norman Poythress
Few studies have compared self-report and clinician-administered measures of youth psychopathic features in juvenile-justice settings in terms of antisocial behavior and treatment indices. In a sample of 85 adjudicated delinquents, the predictive validities of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), the modified Childhood Psychopathy Scale (mCPS), and the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) were tested. Three indices of institutional antisocial behavior (physical aggression; verbal aggression; administrative infractions) and two indices of treatment progress (time to treatment level promotion; whether treatment levels were dropped) were used as external correlates. The self-report measures (mCPS more so than APSD) were more consistently …
Procedural Justice In The Context Of Civil Commitment: An Analogue Study, Michelle Cascardi, Norman Poythress, Alicia Hall
Procedural Justice In The Context Of Civil Commitment: An Analogue Study, Michelle Cascardi, Norman Poythress, Alicia Hall
Norman Poythress
Procedural justice theory posits that the process by which disputes are resolved in¯uences perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with outcomes, even if the outcomes are unfavorable. Within the context of civil commitment, Tyler (1992) has suggested that enhancing respondents' perceptions of procedural justice (i.e., participation, dignity, and trust) during commitment proceedings might facilitate accommodation to an adverse judicial determination (i.e., commitment) and subsequently enhance therapeutic outcomes. The study reported here used videotapes of mock commitment hearings to examine whether patients committed for involuntary treatment are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations. Results suggest that patients are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations …
Heightened Emotional Reactivity And Proactive Aggression In Youth With Narcissistic Traits, Luna Munoz, Eva Kimonis, Charlene Strikleton, Paul Frick
Heightened Emotional Reactivity And Proactive Aggression In Youth With Narcissistic Traits, Luna Munoz, Eva Kimonis, Charlene Strikleton, Paul Frick
Eva Kimonis
The link between narcissism and aggression may reflect a pattern of emotional hyperarousal; however, the emotional substrates of narcissistic personality are not well understood. We assessed the relation between narcissism one dimension of psychopathy-- and self-reported and laboratory measures of aggression in a detained sample of boys. Also, indices of emotion functioning were assessed: attentional bias to emotionally distressing pictures and psychophysiological measures. Results suggest that narcissistic individuals are proactively aggressive and show a pattern of heightened emotional arousal, compared with callous-unemotional youth who show reduced arousal.
Psychological Evaluations For The Courts: A Handbook For Mental Health Professionals And Lawyers, Gary Melton, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Christopher Slobogin
Psychological Evaluations For The Courts: A Handbook For Mental Health Professionals And Lawyers, Gary Melton, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Christopher Slobogin
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Disaggregating Psychopathy: Where And How To Look For Subtypes, Norman Poythress, Jennifer Skeem
Disaggregating Psychopathy: Where And How To Look For Subtypes, Norman Poythress, Jennifer Skeem
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Relationships Between Psychopathy And Impulsivity In The Domain Of Self-Reported Personality Features, James Ray, Norman Poythress, John Weir, Angela Rickelm
Relationships Between Psychopathy And Impulsivity In The Domain Of Self-Reported Personality Features, James Ray, Norman Poythress, John Weir, Angela Rickelm
Norman Poythress
Impulsivity is widely accepted as a characteristic of psychopathy. However, both psychopathy and impulsivity are multi-faceted constructs, and theory suggests that primary and secondary variants of psychopathy may differ in their manifestations of impulsivity-related features. Using a sample of 92 offenders, this study used the fearless dominance (FD) and self-centered impulsivity (SCI) factors of the psychopathic personality inventory - revised (PPI-R; Lilienfeld, S.O., & Widows, M.R. (2005). Psychological assessment inventory - revised (PPI-R). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.), respectively, as proxy indicators of primary and secondary psychopathy, and examined their relations to multiple impulsivity- related constructs. Bivariate and hierarchical regression …
Preliminary Observations From An Evaluation Of The Broward County Florida Mental Health Court, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Annette Mcgaha, Roger Boothroyd
Preliminary Observations From An Evaluation Of The Broward County Florida Mental Health Court, John Petrila, Norman Poythress, Annette Mcgaha, Roger Boothroyd
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Psychopathic Personality Or Personalities? Exploring Potential Variants Of Psychopathy And Their Implications For Risk Assessment, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Psychopathic Personality Or Personalities? Exploring Potential Variants Of Psychopathy And Their Implications For Risk Assessment, Jennifer Skeem, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Norman Poythress
Although psychopathy typically has been construed as a relatively uniform construct, seminal theories and contemporary research suggest that it may be heterogeneous. In this article, the most promising literature is distilled to distinguish among potential variants of antisocial personality disorder (APD) that can be derived from, and informed by, modern conceptions of psychopathy. This analysis suggests that there are primary and secondary variants of psychopathy, which may be distinguished based on the extent to which they are heritable and are characterized by affective deficits, impulsivity, trait anxiety, and characteristics of borderline and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD). These variants also may …
The Competence-Related Abilities Of Women Criminal Defendants, Norman Poythress, Steven Hoge, Richard Bonnie, John Monahan
The Competence-Related Abilities Of Women Criminal Defendants, Norman Poythress, Steven Hoge, Richard Bonnie, John Monahan
Norman Poythress
A new research instrument, the MacArthur Structured Assessment of Competencies of Criminal Defendants (MacSAC-CD), was administered to three groups of women defendants: those adjudicated incompetent and committed to forensic hospitals for treatment (n = 38), jail inmates receiving mental health treatment (n = 18) who had not been adjudicated incompetent, and randomly selected jail inmates (n = 50). Measures of the competence-related abilities of understanding and reasoning were found to have satisfactory indices of internal consistency (coefficient a), and all measures correlated in the expected direction with measures of global psychopathology, psychoticism, and verbal cognitive functioning. Between- group mean scores …
Effects Of State Organizational Structure And Forensic Examiner Training On Pre-Trial Competence Assessments, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, Randy Otto
Effects Of State Organizational Structure And Forensic Examiner Training On Pre-Trial Competence Assessments, John Edens, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, Randy Otto
Norman Poythress
States differ widely in their delivery of pretrial forensic evaluation services, in terms of organizational structure and training requirements of forensic examiners. It was hypothesized that defendants adjudicated incompetent to proceed in states using community-based, private-practitioner systems would show less impairment on a competence assessment measure, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA), than defendants adjudicated incompetent in states using traditional, inpatient systems. It also was hypothesized that mean MacCAT-CA scores for incompetent defendants from states requiring forensic training/certification would be lower than for defendants from states lacking such requirements. Results indicated significant differences across the four types of service …
The Factor Structure And Convergent Validity Of The Aggression Questionnaire In An Offender Population, Tamra Williams, Jenine Boyd, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress
The Factor Structure And Convergent Validity Of The Aggression Questionnaire In An Offender Population, Tamra Williams, Jenine Boyd, Michele Cascardi, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
The study examined whether the 4-factor structure of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; A. H. Buss and M. Perry, see record 1993-00039-001), consisting of Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, and Anger, would replicate in an offender population. The AQ and Novaco's Anger Scale (NAS; R. Novaco, 1994) were administered to 200 adult offenders. The results of a confirmatory analysis suggested that the 4-factor model is a poor fit in an offender population. A 2-factor model was suggested: 1 factor combines Physical Aggression and Anger; the other combines Verbal Aggression and Hostility. Evidence of convergent validity of the 2-factor model was provided …
Book Review: Recent Studies In Mental Disability And Law , Norman Poythress
Book Review: Recent Studies In Mental Disability And Law , Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.
Rediversion In Two Postbooking Jail Diversion Programs In Florida, Marcus Boccaccini, Annette Christy, Norman Poythress, David Kershaw
Rediversion In Two Postbooking Jail Diversion Programs In Florida, Marcus Boccaccini, Annette Christy, Norman Poythress, David Kershaw
Norman Poythress
OBJECTIVE: Patterns of rediversion in two postbooking jail diversion programs in Florida were examined to better understand the extent to which diversion programs served repeating clients. Rediversion occurs when a former or current diversion program participant is booked into jail on a new charge and diverted once again through the same diversion program. METHODS: Data from 18 months of consecutive entries into the Hillsborough County jail diversion program (N=336) and Broward County mental health court (N=800) were examined. RESULTS: Similar rediversion patterns were observed for the two diversion programs. About one-fifth of those who were diverted during the 18-month study …
Factors Differentiating Successful Versus Unsuccessful Malingerers, John Edens, Laura Guy, Randy Otto, Jacqueline Buffington, Tara Tomicic, Norman Poythress
Factors Differentiating Successful Versus Unsuccessful Malingerers, John Edens, Laura Guy, Randy Otto, Jacqueline Buffington, Tara Tomicic, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
Relatively little is known about the processes in which "successful" malingerers engage to avoid detection. This study summarizes the response strategies used by participants (N = 540) instructed to feign a specific mental disorder while completing various self-report instruments designed to detect faking. Postexperiment questionnaires indicated that those who were able to appear symptomatic while avoiding being detected as feigning (n = 60) were more likely to endorse a lower rate of legitimate symptoms, to avoid overly unusual or bizarre items, and to base their responses on their own personal experiences.
Psychometric Properties Of The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool - Criminal Adjudication (Maccat-Ca), Randy Otto, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, John Edens
Psychometric Properties Of The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool - Criminal Adjudication (Maccat-Ca), Randy Otto, Norman Poythress, Robert Nicholson, John Edens
Norman Poythress
This article describes the development of a new clinical instrument for use in assessments of adult criminal defendants' competence to proceed to adjudication, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA). The MacCAT-CA was derived from a more comprehensive research instrument (MacArthur Structured Assessment of Competencies of Criminal Defendants; Hoge, Bonnie, Poythress, Monahan, & Eisenberg, 1997) on the basis of considerations efface validity for use in legal contexts, psychometric analyses, and advice from mental health experts who reviewed an earlier prototype. This article presents the results from an National Institute of Mental Healthsponsored validation study that investigated the psychometric properties of …
Criterion-Related Validity Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory In A Prison Sample, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Criterion-Related Validity Of The Psychopathic Personality Inventory In A Prison Sample, Norman Poythress, John Edens, Scott Lilienfeld
Norman Poythress
The Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; S. 0. Lilienfeld & B. P. Andrews, 1996), a self-report measure of psychopathic personality features, and R. D. Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) were administered to adult youthful offender prison inmates (N = 50). As hypothesized, PPI scores were significantly correlated with scores on the PCL–R, providing evidence of concurrent validity for the PPI. Moreover, unlike existing self-report psychopathy measures, the PPI showed a moderate and positive correlation with PCL–R Factor 1 (i.e., the core personality traits of psychopathy). Discriminant function analysis using the optimal PPI total score value to predict PCL–R classifications of psychopath …
Reasonable Medical Certainty: Can We Meet Daubert Standards In Insanity Cases?, Norman Poythress
Reasonable Medical Certainty: Can We Meet Daubert Standards In Insanity Cases?, Norman Poythress
Norman Poythress
No abstract provided.