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Articles 61 - 71 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Effects Of Hormone Therapy On Cognition In Post-Menopausal Women, Jessica Langhals, Megan Meyer, Erica Schoenberger, Amanda Meyer, Kristen Finley Sobota
Effects Of Hormone Therapy On Cognition In Post-Menopausal Women, Jessica Langhals, Megan Meyer, Erica Schoenberger, Amanda Meyer, Kristen Finley Sobota
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Menopause occurs as a result of decreased natural estrogen production by the body. A variety of short-term and long-term symptoms can occur during menopause, which may significantly impact a woman's daily life. Hormone therapy (HT) is commonly employed to alleviate these unwanted symptoms and to regain balance of hormone levels. Options include estrogen-only or estrogen-progestin combination therapy. While HT may help relieve symptoms such as cognitive decline caused by menopause, it also carries potential side effects. Although HT has shown a potential benefit in women with Alzheimer's disease (AD), overall outcomes measuring cognitive function improvement are inconclusive. Therefore, HT should …
The Use Of Crizotinib In Late Stage Lung Cancer Patients With An Abnormal Alk Gene, Lara Long, Kelly Dye, Courtney Porter, Ellen Hazelet, Karen L. Kier
The Use Of Crizotinib In Late Stage Lung Cancer Patients With An Abnormal Alk Gene, Lara Long, Kelly Dye, Courtney Porter, Ellen Hazelet, Karen L. Kier
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
The relatively new anti-cancer drug, crizotinib (Xalkori®, Pfizer), has created excitement in the research community. This drug has exhibited dramatic clinical benefits for select non-small cell lung cancer patients showing evidence of a mutation in the EML4-ALK gene. This gene mutation is present in 4 to 5 percent of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Crizotinib acts through a tyrosine kinase inhibition pathway, targeting the ALK and MET tyrosine kinases, to inhibit phosphorylation of activated ALK, which halts the ALK gene mutation and impedes metastasis. In phase I clinical trials, a 57 percent overall response rate was shown, and researchers calculated …
Lithium Therapy In Alzheimer's Disease, Ross Robison, Sara Swick, Lauren Bajbus, Jennifer Bauer, B. Shane Martin
Lithium Therapy In Alzheimer's Disease, Ross Robison, Sara Swick, Lauren Bajbus, Jennifer Bauer, B. Shane Martin
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure which has a strong impact on patients and their caregivers. Current treatments for AD can slow the disease progression, but cannot reverse the damage that has already been done, resulting in some level of lifelong disability for affected patients. The use of lithium has shown promising results in mice models of AD. While animal models have produced positive results, additional human trials need to be conducted in order to determine a place for lithium in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Pharmacists should be aware of this potential new use of lithium …
Safety And Efficacy Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Hcg) In Weight Loss, Todd A. Tucker Jr., Justin W. Steele, Amanda Hoersten, Amanda Meyer, Sandra L. Hrometz
Safety And Efficacy Of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (Hcg) In Weight Loss, Todd A. Tucker Jr., Justin W. Steele, Amanda Hoersten, Amanda Meyer, Sandra L. Hrometz
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) has recently experienced a resurgence in popular media. Late night television commercials and Internet advertisements have suggested that it is an essential, unequivocal means to losing weight fast. ls hCG really a miracle cure to help patients shed unwanted pounds? In 1954, A.T.W. Simeons claimed that hCG impacts weight loss by decreasing hunger, increasing fat redistribution, and increasing overall mood. Knowing that weight loss cannot be directly attributed to hCG use, Simeons developed a very low calorie diet (VLCD) to which the success of the therapy can be attributed. He saw hCG as a means to …
Fidaxomicin (Dificid®): New Antibiotic Approved For The Treatment Of Clostridium Difficile Infections, Sara M. Mcallister, Zachary Crawford, Joshua Ilenin, Ellen Hazelet, Andrew M. Roecker
Fidaxomicin (Dificid®): New Antibiotic Approved For The Treatment Of Clostridium Difficile Infections, Sara M. Mcallister, Zachary Crawford, Joshua Ilenin, Ellen Hazelet, Andrew M. Roecker
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore forming bacteria normally transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Infection develops in patients with decreased normal gut flora and is typically associated with recent antibiotic use. Other risk factors include bowel surgery, compromised immune system function, extended hospital stays, and other underlying diseases. C. difficile bacteria produce two toxins, which cause increased intestinal fluid secretion and inflammation. Patients commonly present with diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, and nausea. Current treatment guidelines are to discontinue antimicrobial agents and increase hydration. Less severe C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) cases are treated with metronidazole 500 mg three …
The Emerging Role Of Ticagrelor In Acute Coronary Syndromes, Jennifer Bauer, Brittany Dye, Kimberly Baucher, Megan Keller, David Bright, Karen L. Kier
The Emerging Role Of Ticagrelor In Acute Coronary Syndromes, Jennifer Bauer, Brittany Dye, Kimberly Baucher, Megan Keller, David Bright, Karen L. Kier
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Antiplatelet therapy has become a mainstay in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Until recently, options were somewhat limited when it came to individualizing drug selection. Plavix® (clopidogrel) has been successfully used for many years but requires activation by CYP enzymes. Depending on an individual patient's genetic makeup, function of these CYP enzymes may be altered, which may increase the risk for clots. The recent approval of Effient® (prasugrel) and Brilinta® (ticagrelor) has provided physicians and pharmacists with more options and may hopefully lead to improved clinical outcomes. Ticagrelor specifically exhibits clinically different pharmacologic characteristics that require twice daily …
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®): Therapeutic Use And Financial Implications, Courtney Porter, Joshua Ilenin, Lisa Berni, Ashley Overy, Karen L. Kier
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®): Therapeutic Use And Financial Implications, Courtney Porter, Joshua Ilenin, Lisa Berni, Ashley Overy, Karen L. Kier
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Although mortality rates have been declining, prostate cancer accounts for a large percentage of cancer diagnoses around the world. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®), an autologous cellular immunotherapy targeted against the antigen expressed in most prostate cancers, has been shown to increase the median survival rate of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Even so, the therapeutic risks and benefits, as well as financial implications, all currently play a role in the governmental decision to reimburse for this new therapy.
The Pharmacogenetics Of Opioid Pain Management, Maryanne Ventura, Lauren Desko, Kimberly Gathers, Ashley Overy, David Kisor
The Pharmacogenetics Of Opioid Pain Management, Maryanne Ventura, Lauren Desko, Kimberly Gathers, Ashley Overy, David Kisor
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
High rates of interpatient variability in drug metabolism and drug response for nearly all medications lead to the hypothesis that assessment of an individual patient's genotype with respect to their ability metabolize certain drugs can be a useful tool in predicting a patient's responsiveness to certain medications. Evaluating patients using pharmacogenomics as a basis for assessment could allow pharmacists to decide which treatment options would be most efficacious in a given patient and, thereby, have significant impact in the clinical setting. This holds true especially in the case of prodrugs, which require in vivo activation to an active or more …
Pediatric Poisoning: Overview, Treatment, And Prevention, Margaret Rowland, Taylor Gauthier, Kaitlin Sanders, Caitlin Swann, David Bright
Pediatric Poisoning: Overview, Treatment, And Prevention, Margaret Rowland, Taylor Gauthier, Kaitlin Sanders, Caitlin Swann, David Bright
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Pediatric poisoning remains a common and preventable occurrence in the United States. Every year, prescription and over-the-counter medications account for a significant portion of documented poison exposures. Frequent causes of overdose in children include improper medication storage and caregiver or physician dosing error. As easily accessible medication experts, pharmacists have an opportunity to counsel patients in an effort to decrease these preventable poisoning cases. Because children frequently ingest products prescribed for adult use, pharmacist should relay safety considerations to all patients, regardless of age. This article provides a general review of toxicity concerns, discusses clinical implications of common medications resulting …
Will New Mrsa Guidelines Make A Difference In Clinical Outcomes? A Comparison Of United States And United Kingdom Guidelines And Outcomes, Kelly Fargo, Erica Schoenberger, Kristen Thatcher, Lindsey Hallman, Andrew Roecker, Tarek Mahfouz
Will New Mrsa Guidelines Make A Difference In Clinical Outcomes? A Comparison Of United States And United Kingdom Guidelines And Outcomes, Kelly Fargo, Erica Schoenberger, Kristen Thatcher, Lindsey Hallman, Andrew Roecker, Tarek Mahfouz
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
As of February 2011, the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) published the first guidelines assessing the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. S. aureus is present in the environment and is also located on the skin's surface. MRSA can cause a variety of clinical syndromes presenting with different symptoms that vary with the type and stage of the infection. MRSA is also classified into community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) and hospital-acquired (HA-MRSA), both of which possess different treatment options and strategies. Due to the complex treatment of MRSA, as well the concern over the development of resistance, suggested treatment guidelines …
Preparing For The Genomic Age: Thiopurine S-Methytransferase Polymorphism, Hilary Stewart, Lisa Berni, Tyler Bulcher, Joel Rittenhouse, Ryan W. Naseman
Preparing For The Genomic Age: Thiopurine S-Methytransferase Polymorphism, Hilary Stewart, Lisa Berni, Tyler Bulcher, Joel Rittenhouse, Ryan W. Naseman
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Interpatient variability among medication doses has been a long-standing obstacle for many prescribers. Some medications result in increased morbidity and mortality in a small percentage of the population. For many years, the cause of such toxicities was unknown. This mystery has been resolved by the discovery that the abscence or abnormality of specific genes that code for receptros, drug-treated proteins, drug transport mechanisms, and drug metabolizing enzymes could alter how an affected individual will respond to a given drug. One such incidence is the genetic polymorphism in thiopurine s-methytransferase (TPMT). In comprehending the mechanism of this polymorphism, it is important …