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Articles 31 - 60 of 71
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Crohn's Disease: Management, Emerging Therapies And The Role Of The Pharmacist, Sarah Turley, Tiffany Kneuss, Lydia Suchecki, Alison Steinbrunner, Kristen Timperman
Crohn's Disease: Management, Emerging Therapies And The Role Of The Pharmacist, Sarah Turley, Tiffany Kneuss, Lydia Suchecki, Alison Steinbrunner, Kristen Timperman
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Crohn's disease is a relapsing-remitting disorder of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. Pharmacologic treatment of Crohn's disease is patient-specific, and regimens vary widely between individuals. Drug regimens are typically based on 5-aminosalicylate therapy and may include a combination of steroids, histamine 2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, immunomodulators, antibiotics, biologic agents and other medications aimed at symptom relief. A new medication, vedolizumab, is currently in phase III clinical trials awaiting U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in Crohn's disease. Vedolizumab is an alpha-integrin inhibitor, which is anticipated to have a …
Advances In Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Infection, Halle Orlinski, Kimberly Loughlin, Haley Armstrong, Emily Blum, Andrew M. Roecker
Advances In Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Infection, Halle Orlinski, Kimberly Loughlin, Haley Armstrong, Emily Blum, Andrew M. Roecker
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a prominent cause of chronic liver disease and may lead to serious complications such as liver failure and need for a transplant. The virus is transmitted via exposure to blood and is classified into various genotypes based on genetic mutations in the virus. Current treatment options for HCV infection are not effective in all patients, and there are limited options for patients infected with a genotype other than genotype 1. Two new medications have been approved recently for treatment of HCV infection. Simeprevir (Olysio®) gained U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in November …
Lbrutinib (Lmbruvica™) For Treatment Of Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Brittany Crowe, Joy Hoffman, Hannah Stewart, Alison Steinbrunner, Mark E. Olah
Lbrutinib (Lmbruvica™) For Treatment Of Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Brittany Crowe, Joy Hoffman, Hannah Stewart, Alison Steinbrunner, Mark E. Olah
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and moderately aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that predominantly presents at an advanced stage in older males. Patients often present with multiple involvement in the lymph nodes, blood, spleen, bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some patients may be asymptomatic in early stages or present with an incurable, indolent (slow progressing) form, while other patients display rapid growth of more aggressive lymphomas. Overall survival for patients diagnosed with MCL is four to five years and treatment should be initiated in those who are symptomatic. Mantle cell lymphoma responds well to first-line treatment, …
Dapagliflozin: A Newly Approved Sglt2 Inhibitor For The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ann Marie Ruhe, Rachel Muhlenkamp, Austin Brown, Emily Blum, Sandra L. Hrometz
Dapagliflozin: A Newly Approved Sglt2 Inhibitor For The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ann Marie Ruhe, Rachel Muhlenkamp, Austin Brown, Emily Blum, Sandra L. Hrometz
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease in which a hyperglycemic state is induced by insulin resistance. While there are numerous treatment options available to manage T2DM, many patients require changes in therapy throughout treatment, as well as multiple medications. The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, offer a therapeutic alternative in T2DM management through the utilization of a unique mechanism of action to provide intensified glycemic control. This article will evaluate the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in the management ofT2DM.
Trametinib And Dabrafenib: New Agents For Advanced Stage Melanoma, Kelsey Weisenburger, Kevin Krivanek, Armond Cosiano, Kasie Bellmann, Mark E. Olah
Trametinib And Dabrafenib: New Agents For Advanced Stage Melanoma, Kelsey Weisenburger, Kevin Krivanek, Armond Cosiano, Kasie Bellmann, Mark E. Olah
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is caused primarily by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Tumor formation occurs early in disease progression and can easily metastasize. The development of the disease can be described by one of four stages, characterized by tumor size and risk of spreading. The B-rafprotein plays an important role in cell proliferation and has the ability to develop a mutation for continuous activation, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. Sixty percent of melanomas possess a V600E mutation in the BRAF gene. Recently, drug developers have turned the focus of melanoma treatments toward preventing the activation of the …
Phenoconversion: Drug-Drug-Gene Interactions, Molly Kulp, Emily Limberg, Brooke Marlowe, Taylor Roberson, David F. Kisor
Phenoconversion: Drug-Drug-Gene Interactions, Molly Kulp, Emily Limberg, Brooke Marlowe, Taylor Roberson, David F. Kisor
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Based on the extensive, poor, intermediate and ultrarapid phenotypes of patients, inferences may be made relative to drug metabolism, ultimately leading to changes in therapeutic drug choice or dosing. Phenoconversion is a phenomenon that occurs when an individual's drug metabolizing capacity is altered due to the combination of a drug-drug interaction and a drug-gene interaction. Phenoconversion can affect pharmacokinetics as well as pharmacodynamics. Some examples of phenoconversions include amiodarone-warfarin, duloxetine-codeine, rifampin-clopidogrel, and rifampinwarfarin. Pharmacists must consider phenoconversion in cases of multi-drug therapy.
A Review Of The Guidelines And Treatment Options For Major Depressive Disorder In Adolescents, Stacy Henthorne, Joy Hoffman, Albert Bui, Sarah Kradel, Suzanne M. Lifer, Mary Ellen Hethcox
A Review Of The Guidelines And Treatment Options For Major Depressive Disorder In Adolescents, Stacy Henthorne, Joy Hoffman, Albert Bui, Sarah Kradel, Suzanne M. Lifer, Mary Ellen Hethcox
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Major depressive disorder (MOD) is a disease often underdiagnosed in adolescents. For adolescents in particular, MOD can have far-reaching implications on developmental, social and emotional functioning. Unfortunately, few guidelines detail consistent means by which to evaluate and treat these patients; significantly more information exists that solely pertains to the adult population. Governing bodies such as the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and Resource for Advancing Children's Health (REACH) recommend that primary care physicians be diligent in their psychiatric analyses and follow-ups with young patients who may be experiencing MOD. Both psychotherapy and medications, either as monotherapy or …
Medication Overdoses In The Emergency Department: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Atypical Antipsychotic Agents, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, And Digoxin, Brooke Marlowe, Tara Tokar, Kayti Kintner, Kelsey Fink, Grant Walliser
Medication Overdoses In The Emergency Department: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Atypical Antipsychotic Agents, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, And Digoxin, Brooke Marlowe, Tara Tokar, Kayti Kintner, Kelsey Fink, Grant Walliser
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
The number of medication toxicities has been steadily increasing with more patients presenting to the emergency department for both intentional and unintentional overdoses. Oral hypoglycemics, atypical antipsychotics, betablockers, calcium channel blockers and digoxin overdoses are some of the more common medication toxicities health care professionals may see in practice. Toxic doses of oral hypoglycemic agents, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and digoxin have more definitive options for treatment, while atypical antipsychotic overdoses are managed with supportive care. Pharmacists in particular play a pivotal role in identifying presenting symptoms and recommending appropriate treatment options in toxicological emergencies.
Overview Of Kalydeco® (Ivacaftor) For Treatment Of Cystic Fibrosis, Andrew Skouby, Kayti Kintner, Kimberly Loughlin, Emily Blum, Michael Rush
Overview Of Kalydeco® (Ivacaftor) For Treatment Of Cystic Fibrosis, Andrew Skouby, Kayti Kintner, Kimberly Loughlin, Emily Blum, Michael Rush
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease associated with specific gene mutations that presents with pulmonary inflammation and frequent lung infections, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, altered sweat composition and declining lung function. Ivacaftor (Kalydeco®) was approved for treatment of cystic fibrosis in patients 6 years of age and older with a G551D mutation on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Ivacaftor is a CFTR potentiator and does not work in patients with a mutation of the F508del. Efficacy has been demonstrated in several trials with a primary outcome of improved FEV1, improvements in pulmonary exacerbations, patient-reported decrease in respiratory …
Emergency Contraception: A Comparison Of Levonorgestrel And Ulipristal Acetate, Tara Tokar, Rachel Muhlenkamp, Kelsey Lindsley, Alison Steinbrunner, Michelle Musser
Emergency Contraception: A Comparison Of Levonorgestrel And Ulipristal Acetate, Tara Tokar, Rachel Muhlenkamp, Kelsey Lindsley, Alison Steinbrunner, Michelle Musser
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Emergency contraceptives (EC) are a birth control method that is available to minimize unintended pregnancies that might result from unprotected intercourse. Several products are on the market and largely contain levonorgestrel as the active component, including Plan B One-Step®, Next Choice®, Next Choice One Dose™ and My Way®. These are labeled as effective up to 72 hours after intercourse and are available without a prescription. Another product, Ella™, contains ulipristal acetate and can be effective up to 120 hours after intercourse, but does require a prescription. Legislative issues have surrounded these products. At this point in time only Plan B …
Drugs Of Abuse: A Review Of Tramadol Abuse, Brittany Crowe, Tiffany Kneuss, Benjamin Finley, Kelsey Fink, Manoranjan S. D'Souza
Drugs Of Abuse: A Review Of Tramadol Abuse, Brittany Crowe, Tiffany Kneuss, Benjamin Finley, Kelsey Fink, Manoranjan S. D'Souza
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Prescription drug abuse is the fastest growing drug problem in America. Among the different prescription drugs being abused, analgesics are the most commonly abused group of drugs. In the last few years, there is increasing evidence of abuse of tramadol, which is an atypical, centrally acting opioid analgesic. The increasing abuse of tramadol has prompted regulatory authorities to strengthen the product labeling of tramadol with respect to its abuse potential. Furthermore, several states have added tramadol to their controlled substances list. In this article, we will review the pharmacology of tramadol and some of the preclinical and clinical studies that …
Celiac Disease: Current And Investigational Therapies And The Role Of The Pharmacist, Sarah Turley, Gabriella Gegenheimer, Emily Blum, Erin Petersen
Celiac Disease: Current And Investigational Therapies And The Role Of The Pharmacist, Sarah Turley, Gabriella Gegenheimer, Emily Blum, Erin Petersen
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Celiac disease is a genetically-linked autoimmune disease which affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is an inflammatory reaction to ingested gluten-containing substances that produces the most frequent symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating and intermittent or chronic diarrhea. Diagnosis can be made by blood testing for specific IgA autoantibodies and a confirmation duodenal biopsy to look for the characteristic scalloping and villous atrophy that occurs in response to the inflammation. A gluten-free diet, until recently, was the only treatment available and continues to be the mainstay of treatment. Newer adjunct therapies to dietary management include larazotide acetate, peptidases, the use of parasite …
A Comparison Of Mipomersen (Kynamro®) And Lomitapide (Juxtapid®): Medications For The Treatment Of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Ann Marie Ruhe, Austin Brown, Ginny Daniels, Kelsey Fink, David Bright
A Comparison Of Mipomersen (Kynamro®) And Lomitapide (Juxtapid®): Medications For The Treatment Of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Ann Marie Ruhe, Austin Brown, Ginny Daniels, Kelsey Fink, David Bright
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare disease that involves mutations in the genes coding for low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, preventing the uptake of LDL cholesterol from the serum and resulting in extremely high cholesterol levels.1 Between December 2012, and January 2013, two orphan drugs were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HoFH. Mipomersen (Kynamro®) is a subcutaneous injection that functions as an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor and ultimately prevents the translation of mRNA coding for apolipoprotein B (apoB)-100 which binds to LDL and very low density lipoprotein (vLDL) cholesterol.7 Lomitapide (Juxtapid®) is …
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine For Her2 Positive Breast Cancer, Kimberly Baucher, Taylor Beale, Maria Laikos, Eric Stack, Mary Ellen Hethcox
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine For Her2 Positive Breast Cancer, Kimberly Baucher, Taylor Beale, Maria Laikos, Eric Stack, Mary Ellen Hethcox
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
No abstract provided.
Novel Oral Anticoagulants: A Comparative Study Of The Clinical Potential For Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, And Apixaban Versus Warfarin, Lindsay Mark, Joanne Tran, Zachary Jones, Jessica Beck, David Bright
Novel Oral Anticoagulants: A Comparative Study Of The Clinical Potential For Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, And Apixaban Versus Warfarin, Lindsay Mark, Joanne Tran, Zachary Jones, Jessica Beck, David Bright
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Although Coumadin® (warfarin) has been the standard outpatient anticoagulant for long-term prevention of thrombosis for many decades, it presents with significant challenges for both patients and health care providers in optimizing standards of care including dietary and drug restrictions, regular monitoring of the patient's International Normalized Ratio (INR), and difficulty maintaining therapeutic levels. Despite its unmistakable effectiveness, there has been an interest from the medical community in developing potential alternative drug therapies. As a result, within the past three years the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of three new oral anticoagulant drugs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and …
Understanding The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Alcohol And Long-Acting Opioids, Emily Blum, Brittany Crowe, Tanya Wilsmann, Heather Helsel, David Kisor
Understanding The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Alcohol And Long-Acting Opioids, Emily Blum, Brittany Crowe, Tanya Wilsmann, Heather Helsel, David Kisor
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
In response to the fatal interaction of alcohol with extended-release hydromorphone, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a class-wide Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for extended-release (ER) and long-acting (LA) opioid analgesics in July 2012. Due to the rising concern of dose-dumping effects, it is important for pharmacists to understand the pharmacokinetic interaction between two of the most commonly prescribed LA opioids (oxycodone and morphine) and alcohol. Clinical trials have looked at the pharmacokinetic profile of these long-acting formulations in conjunction with alcohol, and the results have varied depending on the formulation. For this reason, it is …
Antidepressant Therapy: A Review Of Current Treatment Options And A Glance At The Future, Brittany Dye, Stacy Henthorne, Molly Kulp, Tristan Maiers, Zachary Crawford, Erin Petersen
Antidepressant Therapy: A Review Of Current Treatment Options And A Glance At The Future, Brittany Dye, Stacy Henthorne, Molly Kulp, Tristan Maiers, Zachary Crawford, Erin Petersen
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Depression and anxiety disorders are two of the most common mental illnesses experienced by people within the United States, affecting 6.7 percent of the adult population per year. This article will focus on one specific type of depression, major depressive disorder (MDD), characterized by two or more weeks of depressed mood and/or decreased interest in normally enjoyed activities. Depression complicates treatment of other disease state(s), making successful treatment of depression essential in the management of a patient's overall health. This review will evaluate the pathophysiology, antidepressant treatment, and new approaches to treatment, specifically vortioxetine, for MDD.
Fda Approves New Tuberculosis Drug: Bedaquiline (Sirturo®), Megan Ruffner, Kent Wilin, Charles Hay, Zachary Crawford, Andrew Roecker
Fda Approves New Tuberculosis Drug: Bedaquiline (Sirturo®), Megan Ruffner, Kent Wilin, Charles Hay, Zachary Crawford, Andrew Roecker
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease that continues to greatly impact morbidity and mortality worldwide; in 2011 it caused 1.4 million deaths. Some strains of the bacteria have become resistant to current treatment regimens, resulting in multidrug-resistant (MOR) and extensively drugresistant (XOR) TB. The emergence of these resistant strains of bacteria calls for new treatment regimens that can quickly and effectively eradicate the organism. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved Sirturo® (bedaquiline) with the indication of MDR pulmonary TB. Bedaquiline introduces a novel mechanism of action via the inhibition …
Endometriosis: The Etiology And Recommended Treatment, Amanda Lovell, Kasie Bellmann, Kelsey Fink, Jessica Beck, Michelle Musser
Endometriosis: The Etiology And Recommended Treatment, Amanda Lovell, Kasie Bellmann, Kelsey Fink, Jessica Beck, Michelle Musser
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that occurs in women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in which endometrial cells grow outside the uterus. Normally, endometrial cells form the endometrium and respond to hormones throughout the menstrual cycle, but when endometrial cells are located outside the endometrium, painful bleeding and other side effects may occur. Treatment of endometriosis is usually symptomatic relief, including the use of oral contraceptives and other hormone replacement options, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. To ensure that patients receive the appropriate treatment for this condition, pharmacists should be able to recognize the signs and …
Truvada® Recommended By Fda Committee For Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In High-Risk Hiv-Negative Individuals, Justin Steele, Emily Blum, Alison Steinbrunner, Lara Long, Andrew M. Roecker
Truvada® Recommended By Fda Committee For Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In High-Risk Hiv-Negative Individuals, Justin Steele, Emily Blum, Alison Steinbrunner, Lara Long, Andrew M. Roecker
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Once-daily combination tenofofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) has received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in high-risk individuals. In clinical trials, FTC/TDF has been shown to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition by 62 percent in sexually active heterosexual men and women. Similarly, use of FTC/TDF demonstrated a 44 percent reduction in HIV infection within the men who have sex with men population.7 When used compliantly and in conjunction with safe sex practices, it appears that FTC/TDF can play an important role in reducing the …
Comparing The Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: Byetta®, Victoza® And Once-Weekly Bydureon™, Todd A. Tucker Jr., Sarah Turley, Kaila Bollinger, Jessica Beck, Sandra L. Hrometz
Comparing The Glp-1 Receptor Agonists: Byetta®, Victoza® And Once-Weekly Bydureon™, Todd A. Tucker Jr., Sarah Turley, Kaila Bollinger, Jessica Beck, Sandra L. Hrometz
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been managed with oral medications. However, in the last few years, subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have risen to fame. These agents serve as a reliable addition to current monotherapy. GLP-1 receptor agonists offer a significant reduction in hemoglobin AlC (HbAlc), fasting plasma glucose, and have the added benefit of weight loss. They work primarily by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion while inhibiting glucagon secretion. The available GLP-1 agonists are Byetta® (exenatide), Victoza® (liraglutide), and Bydureon™ (exenatide extended-release). Studies suggest that they are similar in safety and efficacy, with the longer acting GLP-1 …
Sildenafil As An Appropriate Monotherapy Option In The Treatment Of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Pah), Kaitlin Horton, Kent Wilin, Sarah Ginty, Lara Long, David Bright
Sildenafil As An Appropriate Monotherapy Option In The Treatment Of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Pah), Kaitlin Horton, Kent Wilin, Sarah Ginty, Lara Long, David Bright
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease characterized by constriction in the diameter of the pulmonary arterial lumen.1,2 This leads to increased pressure and stress on the right ventricle of the heart, which may lead to heart failure and death.2,3 Currently there are only a few treatment options for patients with PAH. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, can be used to treat PAH. Sildenafil inhibits the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Increased cGMP concentration results in pulmonary vasculature relaxation. Current clinical trials have indicated that sildenafil can significantly improve many of the symptoms of PAH. The …
Use Of Pharmacogenomics In Mtm Services, Molly Kulp, Halle Orlinski, Zachary R. Jones, Zachary Crawford, David Kisor
Use Of Pharmacogenomics In Mtm Services, Molly Kulp, Halle Orlinski, Zachary R. Jones, Zachary Crawford, David Kisor
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Incorporation of pharmacogenomic data into Medication Therapy Management (MTM) allows pharmacists to optimize treatment regimens for patients leading to better overall outcomes. Utilizing pharmacogenomics makes it easier for health care professionals to initiate medication regimens with reduced adverse reactions, improves outcomes due to specialized dosing and therapies and allows the treatment process to be as cost-effective as possible for the patient. Pharmacists have an opportunity to educate the rest of the health care team on issues such as: which ethnicities possess higher odds of carrying certain genetic variants, the most common or most relevant medications that can have variable effects …
Overview Of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome And Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Christina Spinaris, Sarah Kradel, Tara Tokar, Zachary Crawford, Michael M. Milks
Overview Of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome And Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Christina Spinaris, Sarah Kradel, Tara Tokar, Zachary Crawford, Michael M. Milks
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are immunologic reactions that typically present due to drug hypersensitivity. These reactions present with serious mucocutaneous manifestations that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogeneses of SJS and TEN have yet to be clearly elucidated, but three potential immunologic mechanisms have been defined in literature: granulysin, Fas-FasL, and perforin and granzyme B. Medications have been immunologically linked as the primary causative agents of SJS/TEN. Corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin administration (IVIG) and cyclosporine have been employed as treatments; however, none have resulted in consistent positive outcomes. Pharmacists have a significant role in …
The Impact Of Pharmacogenomics On Chemotherapeutic Drug Development And Use, Lara Long, Amy Pasternak, Ellen Hazelet, David Kisor
The Impact Of Pharmacogenomics On Chemotherapeutic Drug Development And Use, Lara Long, Amy Pasternak, Ellen Hazelet, David Kisor
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Cancer therapy is largely dependent on general treatment guidelines, and patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience treatment failure with standard drugs. The development of individualized drug therapy through pharmacogenomics has the potential to enhance chemotherapy regimen selection and improve patient outcomes. Antineoplastic agents such as cetuximab and trastuzumab are effective in treating cancers possessing specific genetic biomarker characteristics. Patients need to undergo genetic testing before these agents are administered to ensure appropriate use. Cetuximab has been shown to improve outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancers and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas positive for EGFR. Trastuzumab has shown benefit in human epidermal …
Emerging Therapies For The Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis, Sara Swick, Amy Gillman, Lauren Bajbus, Jennifer Bauer, Jeffery Talbot
Emerging Therapies For The Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis, Sara Swick, Amy Gillman, Lauren Bajbus, Jennifer Bauer, Jeffery Talbot
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide, yet is not entirely understood. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis most frequently include muscle spasms and extreme fatigue, but patients can experience a wide variety of issues. There are four categories in which patients with multiple sclerosis are typically classified: relapse-remitting, primary-progressive, secondary-progressive and progressive-relapsing. The pathophysiology of the disease is largely unknown, but many theories are being researched. Currently, there are treatments that can alleviate symptoms and halt disease progression, but no cure is known at this time. Most symptomatic relief medications focus on anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action, …
Improving Maternal And Fetal Health: A Look At Thyroid Function During Pregnancy, Sarah Ginty, Jessica Beck, Taylor Gauthier, Amanda Meyer, Michelle R. Musser
Improving Maternal And Fetal Health: A Look At Thyroid Function During Pregnancy, Sarah Ginty, Jessica Beck, Taylor Gauthier, Amanda Meyer, Michelle R. Musser
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Maintenance of thyroid function during pregnancy is critical for both maternal and fetal health and development; therefore, knowledge regarding the relationship between thyroid hormones and pregnancy is essential. The American Thyroid Association task force has developed clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease during pregnancy. Gestational thyroid diseases are divided into two classifications, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, which are further divided into more specific classifications based on clinical presentation. Differentiation, diagnosis, and monitoring of thyroid diseases throughout pregnancy require assessing symptoms, as well as obtaining levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentration by a simple …
Dronedarone: An Update To A Controversial Therapy For Atrial Fibrillation, Zachary Crawford, Sara Mcallister, Amanda Hoersten, Jennifer Bauer, Megan Keller, David Bright
Dronedarone: An Update To A Controversial Therapy For Atrial Fibrillation, Zachary Crawford, Sara Mcallister, Amanda Hoersten, Jennifer Bauer, Megan Keller, David Bright
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
As of 2004, it was estimated that 2.2 million Americans were diagnosed with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) resulting in one out of every six strokes in the United States. AF leads to a reduction in pumping efficiency of the heart increasing the risk of several serious sequelae such as thromboembolic stroke and congestive heart failure (CHF). It also results in a reduced quality of life for the patients suffering from the disease. Patients with AF require appropriate antiarrhythmic therapy to control symptoms and prevent adverse effects of the condition. Multaq® (dronedarone), an antiarrhythmic drug approved for AF in …
Lysteda® For Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Erica B. Schoenberger, Todd A. Tucker Jr., Justin W. Steele, Amanda Meyer, Sandra L. Hrometz
Lysteda® For Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Erica B. Schoenberger, Todd A. Tucker Jr., Justin W. Steele, Amanda Meyer, Sandra L. Hrometz
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Lysteda®, a novel formulation of tranexamic acid, is an antifibrinolytic medication recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. Tranexamic acid has been shown to significantly reduce menstrual blood loss while simultaneously allowing a woman to safely become pregnant. The major advantage of Lysteda® (an oral modified-release formulation of tranexamic acid) compared to oral immediate-release tranexamic acid, is the decreased occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects. As there are no therapeutic equivalents to Lysteda® for heavy menstrual bleeding, it is important for pharmacists to be able to counsel patients appropriately on the specific …
Pharmacogenetic Implications Regarding Second Generation Antipsychotics Clozapine And Risperidone, Sarah E. Ginty, Amy Pasternak, Lauren Desko, Jamie Amero, David Kisor
Pharmacogenetic Implications Regarding Second Generation Antipsychotics Clozapine And Risperidone, Sarah E. Ginty, Amy Pasternak, Lauren Desko, Jamie Amero, David Kisor
Pharmacy and Wellness Review
Pharmacogenomics is a growing area of pharmacy that has the potential to improve individualization of medication choices, dosing and predictability of side effects. Clozapine and risperidone are atypical antipsychotics whose metabolism, efficacy and side effects are influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a patient's genetic makeup. It has been shown that a polymorphism in the D3 dopamine receptor is associated with an increased risk in developing tardive dyskinesia as an adverse event while taking risperidone. Also, there is evidence that a patient with a homogenous C genotype in the gene coding for the 5-HTzc receptor has a higher risk …