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Articles 61 - 72 of 72
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Lack Of Knowledge Of Mother-To-Child Transmission In Kenya Among Women Ages 15-49, Nisha Warrier
Lack Of Knowledge Of Mother-To-Child Transmission In Kenya Among Women Ages 15-49, Nisha Warrier
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The epidemic of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV/AIDS in resource-poor countries is dramatic; it is responsible for nearly 90% of childhood infections. The primary purpose of analysis was to understand the distribution of factors and their association with lack of knowledge of MTCT in Kenya. In parallel, another aim was to identify the relationship between media, particularly frequency of radio exposure, and lack of knowledge.Methods: This study used the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) collected for 8,195 women, ages 15-49. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and logistic regression were completed on SPSS 14 software.Results: In the sample, 1151 …
The Association Between Breast Feeding And Being Overweight In Children, Naja Jamil Eldanaf
The Association Between Breast Feeding And Being Overweight In Children, Naja Jamil Eldanaf
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Obesity/Overweight in children is an epidemic and the most common disorder of childhood in the developed world. Prevalence is increasing, leading to short- and long-term complications. Breastfeeding may protect against childhood obesity, but the debate is ongoing. The main purpose of this project was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and being overweight in early childhood.Methods: Data were collected from the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone survey; National Survey of Children's Health, 2003. Overall, 16,358 children, ages 3 to 5, were included in the sample. SPSS Complex Sample software was utilized to generate for all analyses. Complex samples …
C - Reactive Protein, Coronary Heart Disease And Ischemic Stroke In The Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study, Xia Li
Theses and Dissertations
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, but much of the research had focused on middle-aged populations with, limited prospective, population-based, longitudinal data. In this study, we examined data from an elderly population and described the distribution of CRP concentrations and the prevalence of elevated CRP levels (>3 mg/l), examined the association between CRP levels and incidence of CHD or ischemic stroke, and assessed the potential interaction of CRP with sex or race on the incidence of CHD or ischemic stroke.Methods: Baseline CRP levels were measured in a cohort …
Knowledge And Perceived Ambiguity Of Physical Activity Recommendations And Physical Activity In Men And Women In The United States, Laura G. Kiken
Knowledge And Perceived Ambiguity Of Physical Activity Recommendations And Physical Activity In Men And Women In The United States, Laura G. Kiken
Theses and Dissertations
Background: The majority of Americans - especially women - do not meet physical activity recommendations. Having physical activity goals has been associated with physical activity participation, and physical activity recommendations set by public health experts can be viewed as externally set goals. However, past research has shown that goals that are specific rather than ambiguous are more likely to be achieved, and variations in recommendations over time and across sources may have created perceived goal ambiguity.Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the extent of physical activity recommendation knowledge among adults in the United States, (2) quantify perceptions of the …
The Effect Of Advertising On Attitudes Toward Tobacco Use And Decisions About Smoking Among Virginia Adolescents, John Rosser Matthews Iii
The Effect Of Advertising On Attitudes Toward Tobacco Use And Decisions About Smoking Among Virginia Adolescents, John Rosser Matthews Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: This study seeks to determine 1) whether the type of advertising exposure is associated with adolescent health perceptions of tobacco use, and 2) whether the type of media exposure is associated with initiation plans (non-smokers) or quitting plans (smokers). Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of middle school students (n=l1,128).Psychosocial variables were knowledge of the risks of tobacco use (range: 3-15) and benefits of being tobacco free (range: 7-35) with higher scores indicating greater understanding. Intentions to quit or initiate were construed as binary variables. Exposure variables were tobacco advertisements or anti-tobacco media messages. Covariates were gender, race, grade …
Machismo As A Determinant For Hiv/Std Risk Behavior Among Latino Msm, Jacqueline L. Sears
Machismo As A Determinant For Hiv/Std Risk Behavior Among Latino Msm, Jacqueline L. Sears
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: Male-to-male sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission for HIV among Latino men. Psychosocial factors such as machismo, homophobic discrimination, and internalized homophobia have been hypothesized to greatly impact sexual behaviors among Latinos. However, studies investigating the relationship between these psychosocial factors and risky sexual behaviors are limited. This study examined the impact of machismo on risky sexual behaviors among Latino Male who have Sex with Men (MSM).Methods: This study utilized data collected from 254 Latino MSM in 1999 from selected cities within Virginia. The analysis focused on respondent demographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, acculturation, and sexual risky …
Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure And Hearing Loss In An Occupational Setting, Darlene W. Olive
Association Between Smoking, Chemical Exposure And Hearing Loss In An Occupational Setting, Darlene W. Olive
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: Twenty-two million Americans or roughly 8% of the population are hearing impaired. This affects more than just the ability for one to hear. In the last three decades, younger Americans have shown a sharp increase in hearing impairment. Hearing loss affects social and emotional well being and thus has the ability to decrease one's quality of life. This study was designed to examine the association between smoking, workplace chemical exposure, and hearing loss.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in an occupational health clinic setting in Virginia. The study population consisted of employees from local businesses who visited the …
Determinants Of Dating Violence Among Youth In The U.S., Candace Hamm
Determinants Of Dating Violence Among Youth In The U.S., Candace Hamm
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Physical Dating Violence (PDV) victimization is a major public health concern among adolescents in the United States. Research has shown that determinants of PDV victimization are different for male and female adolescents. However, inconsistent findings entail that further research needs to be done using a representative sample of male and female adolescents.Objective: To identify gender-specific determinants of PDV victimization utilizing a nationally representative sample of high school adolescents.Methods: Data from the 2005 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey was used for this analysis. The study population included 6.951 male and 6,807 female students in grades 9 through 12. Bivariate and …
A Needs Assessment For Annual Physical Examination For Selected Richmond Public School Children, Aimee Gibbs
A Needs Assessment For Annual Physical Examination For Selected Richmond Public School Children, Aimee Gibbs
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: The following risk factors have found to be associated with inadequate health care and have been found to affect the well-being of children: racial or ethnic minority, poverty status, median family income, family structure of household, maternal education level, and parental employment status. Also, there has found to be health indicators including, teen pregnancy, asthma hospitalization, and lead poisoning cases that affect the well-being of a child and are associated with the presence of these risk factors in a population. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to (1) compare the presence of risk factors and health indicators in …
The Role Of Radiation Therapy On Medically Inoperable Clinically Localized Non-Small Cell Lung Patients: London Regional Cancer Program (Lrcp) Clinical Experience, Michael Lee, Edward Yu, Robert Ash, Patricia Tai, Larry Stitt, George Rodrigues, Rashid Dar, Mark Vincent, Richard Inculet, Richard Malthaner
The Role Of Radiation Therapy On Medically Inoperable Clinically Localized Non-Small Cell Lung Patients: London Regional Cancer Program (Lrcp) Clinical Experience, Michael Lee, Edward Yu, Robert Ash, Patricia Tai, Larry Stitt, George Rodrigues, Rashid Dar, Mark Vincent, Richard Inculet, Richard Malthaner
Edward Yu
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in both men and women in North America. In 2006, an estimated 22,700 Canadians will be diagnosed with lung cancer and 19,300 will die of it (Canadian Cancer Statistics 2006). Approximately 15-20% of NSCLC patients present with early or localized disease. Surgical resection of T1-2N0 NSCLC remains the treatment of choice for this population, and results in a 5-year survival rate of 50-70%. Patients deemed medically inoperable have been treated with non-surgical therapies, such as radiation therapy(RT), while some patients have simply been observed without any tumor therapy because of …
Human Rights Abuse And Other Criminal Violations In Port-Au-Prince, Haiti: A Random Survey Of Households, Royce Hutson, Athena Kolbe
Human Rights Abuse And Other Criminal Violations In Port-Au-Prince, Haiti: A Random Survey Of Households, Royce Hutson, Athena Kolbe
Royce A. Hutson
Reliable evidence of the frequency and severity of human rights abuses in Haiti after the departure of the elected president in 2004 was scarce. We assessed data from a random survey of households in the greater Port-au-Prince area. Methods Using random Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate sampling, 1260 households (5720 individuals) were sampled. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire by trained interviewers about their experiences after the departure of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The response rate was 90·7%. Information on demographic characteristics, crime, and human rights violations was obtained. Findings Our findings suggested that 8000 individuals were murdered in the …
Additional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Excess Weigth In Children And Adolescents. The Belo Horizonte Heart Study, Paulo A. Lotufo
Additional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Excess Weigth In Children And Adolescents. The Belo Horizonte Heart Study, Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of overweight and obesity with physical activity, blood pressure (BP) and serum lipid profiles. METHODS Epidemiologic investigation of 1,450 students, between the ages of 6 and 18, in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG. Data: weight, height, BP, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, physical activity, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, and dietary habits. RESULTS The prevalence rates for overweight and obesity were 8.4% and 3.1%, respectively. In relation to the students in the lower quartile (Q1) of the distribution of subscapular skinfold, the students in the upper quartile (Q4) presented a 3.7 times higher risk (odds …