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Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Species Preference Influences On Cattle Grazing Behaviour, G P. Cosgrove, C B. Anderson, R H. Fletcher
Species Preference Influences On Cattle Grazing Behaviour, G P. Cosgrove, C B. Anderson, R H. Fletcher
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Lotus corniculatus offers specific nutritional benefits to animals, but exploiting these advantages in grazing systems depends on the proportion of lotus in the feed offered and the animals' preference, hence desire to select for it. To determine preference for lotus, heifers were offered free-choice in contrasting, spatially separated but adjacent monocultures of ryegrass-lotus or red clover-lotus. Following a one-week period to adjust to the species offered and their arrangement, 10 young heifers were observed at 10-minute intervals during daylight hours, and the species they were on and whether or not they were grazing was recorded. This procedure was conducted in …
Assessment Of Grazing Procedures In The Evaluation Of Plant Breeding Material, D Real, I L. Gordon, J Hodgson
Assessment Of Grazing Procedures In The Evaluation Of Plant Breeding Material, D Real, I L. Gordon, J Hodgson
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Four stocking densities (2, 3, 5 and 9 sheep/18 m2 for one hour) and two times of grazing (morning or evening) were imposed on a spaced plant nursery of nine red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations of varying growth habit, in order to optimize measurement of sheep grazing preference. Plant height, spread and leafiness were measured before and after each of three grazings. Sheep preference was viewed multivariately, using combined measurements of these plant characteristics. MANOVA revealed that the effect of stocking density was significant (P-0.05), but that of time of grazing was not. The plant, population and overall …
Increased Longevity Of Red Clover Through Selection For Persistence And Disease Resistance, R R. Smith
Increased Longevity Of Red Clover Through Selection For Persistence And Disease Resistance, R R. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an excellent perennial forage legume, has been considered for many years to be a short-lived, two to three years, forage. Selection for resistance to foliar and root rot diseases and for longevity of stand over the past four decades has improved the persistence of the currently available cultivars. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the progress from selection for longevity and disease resistance. Selection for stand longevity and improved disease resistance has reliably extended the production of red clover into the third and fourth year. Selection for healthy plants in 3- or …
Development Of Red Clover With High Levels Of Resistance To Root-Knot Nematodes, K H. Quesenberry, R A. Dunn, D E. Moon
Development Of Red Clover With High Levels Of Resistance To Root-Knot Nematodes, K H. Quesenberry, R A. Dunn, D E. Moon
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), is grown in many areas of the world, but production in subtropical regions may be limited by susceptibility to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKN). Selection for early vigor in RKN infested soils resulted in moderate RKN tolerance in ‘Cherokee’. However, improved RKN resistance in red clover was needed. Seven additional cycles of greenhouse selection using Cherokee as a base population developed a population (FLMR7) with high RKN resistance. When FLMR7 was infested with M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, or M. javanica, numbers of galls and egg masses …
Trifolium Species Germplasm From Western North America, K H. Qusenberry, N L. Taylor
Trifolium Species Germplasm From Western North America, K H. Qusenberry, N L. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The genus Trifolium, which consists of about 230 species of annual and perennial legumes, has been divided into eight taxonomic sections. Approximately 50 species are native to western North American inter-mountain regions and the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Prior to this research, about 30 of the Trifolium species from western North America were not represented in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Three germplasm collection expeditions in 1994 and 1995 collected about 140 accessions encompassing at least 44 species, including at least 25 species not previously available in the NPGS. Of these, nine were listed as …
Using Recurrent Phenotypical Selection To Improve Drought Tolerance Of Red Clover, M. Sahin, S. Reid, E. Sahin, S. Ates, S. Elias, David B. Hannaway
Using Recurrent Phenotypical Selection To Improve Drought Tolerance Of Red Clover, M. Sahin, S. Reid, E. Sahin, S. Ates, S. Elias, David B. Hannaway
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Red clover is one of the most important forage legumes in the world. It is utilized extensively in European and North American farming systems. Approximately, 4 million hectares of red clover are grown globally each year for forage production, soil improvement, and as a pollen and nectar source for pollinators (Riday, 2010). In North America, red clover is widely used in temperate regions for pasture, hay, and silage in combination with grasses for soil improvement and as a pollen and nectar source for bumblebees (Bombus). In the northwest, it is also grown for seed production (Anderson et al., 2016) with …
Isoflavones In Legumes As Functional Forages And Feeds In Ruminant Grazing Systems, B. E. Davis, Michael D. Flythe, T. A. Hamilton, D. G. Ely, L. H. Anderson, J. R. Weinert-Nelson
Isoflavones In Legumes As Functional Forages And Feeds In Ruminant Grazing Systems, B. E. Davis, Michael D. Flythe, T. A. Hamilton, D. G. Ely, L. H. Anderson, J. R. Weinert-Nelson
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Legumes are often utilized in livestock grazing systems to improve diet quality, diversity, and consequently animal performance. In addition to their nutritional utility, legumes contain phytoestrogenic isoflavones that have selective antimicrobial activity in the rumen and once absorbed can cause arterial vasodilation. These added bioactive functions of isoflavones suggest that legumes could be strategically utilized in grazing systems as functional forages to improve ruminant performance and health. The objective of this presentation will be to discuss past and current research on the application of isoflavones via legumes as an antimicrobial for growth promotion and as a mitigation strategy for fescue …
Development Of Seed Production Of Important Grass And Legume Species In Poland In Relation To The European Market, Barbara Golińska, Piotr Goliński
Development Of Seed Production Of Important Grass And Legume Species In Poland In Relation To The European Market, Barbara Golińska, Piotr Goliński
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An analysis was carried out on the status of seed production of most important grass and legume species in Poland in terms of the area of seed crops and their seed yield on the background of the European market. Particular attention in the analysis was paid to the dominant species in the reproductive area of varieties of forage and turfgrasses and small-seeded legumes in Poland and in Europe, i.e. Lolium perenne L., Lolium multiflorum Lam., Festuca rubra L. and Trifolium pratense L. For analysis the ESCAA and Polish Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection data from 2004‒2021 were …
Integrating Grazing With 2,4-D And Florpyrauxifen To Control Broadleaf Weeds And Maintain Red Clover Productivity In Grass-Legume Pastures, M. J. Renz, G. M. Imhoff
Integrating Grazing With 2,4-D And Florpyrauxifen To Control Broadleaf Weeds And Maintain Red Clover Productivity In Grass-Legume Pastures, M. J. Renz, G. M. Imhoff
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In grass-legume pastures, 2,4-D-amine + florpyrauxifen-benzyl controls broadleaf weeds but red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is eliminated. Grazing within a week prior to herbicide application is likely to reduce leaf surface area and may reduce red clover injury and maintain productivity. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and in 2021 to determine if red clover could be productive when 560 g ae ha-1 2,4-D-amine + 6.3 g ae ha-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl with 1% v/v methylated seed oil applied in the spring was grazed before or after herbicide application. Grazing timings occurred 6, 4, or 2 days prior to herbicide …
Addition Of Red Clover Or Birdsfoot Trefoil In Alfalfa-Based Mixtures To Improve The Forage Energy To Protein Balance, Philippe Seguin, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, M. Thériault, X. Godin, Shabtai Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Hakl, Gilles Bélanger, M.-N. Thivierge, Annick Bertrand, A. Claessens
Addition Of Red Clover Or Birdsfoot Trefoil In Alfalfa-Based Mixtures To Improve The Forage Energy To Protein Balance, Philippe Seguin, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, M. Thériault, X. Godin, Shabtai Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Hakl, Gilles Bélanger, M.-N. Thivierge, Annick Bertrand, A. Claessens
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The low ratio of sugars (S) to crude proteins (CP) in alfalfa (AL, Medicago sativa L.) leads to inefficient use of nitrogen by ruminants. The objective was to determine if adding red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense L.) or birdsfoot trefoil (BT, Lotus corniculatus L.) with or without a grass species to AL improved the forage S/CP ratio. Treatments were 100% AL (control) or AL-based mixtures with RC or BT in three proportions (75, 50, or 25% of seeded legumes) with either no grass or with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) or tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb. Dumort.), resulting in …
Integrating Grazing With 2,4-D And Florpyrauxifen To Control Broadleaf Weeds And Maintain Red Clover Productivity In Grass-Legume Pastures, M. J. Renz, G. M. Imhoff
Integrating Grazing With 2,4-D And Florpyrauxifen To Control Broadleaf Weeds And Maintain Red Clover Productivity In Grass-Legume Pastures, M. J. Renz, G. M. Imhoff
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In grass-legume pastures, 2,4-D-amine + florpyrauxifen-benzyl controls broadleaf weeds but red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is eliminated. Grazing within a week prior to herbicide application is likely to reduce leaf surface area and may reduce red clover injury and maintain productivity. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and in 2021 to determine if red clover could be productive when 560 g ae ha-1 2,4-D-amine + 6.3 g ae ha-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl with 1% v/v methylated seed oil applied in the spring was grazed before or after herbicide application. Grazing timings occurred 6, 4, or 2 days prior to herbicide …
Effect Of Temporary Grasslands Of Different Age, Composition And Management On Winter Wheat Yields In A Crop Rotation, B. Deprez, R. Lambert, A. Peeters
Effect Of Temporary Grasslands Of Different Age, Composition And Management On Winter Wheat Yields In A Crop Rotation, B. Deprez, R. Lambert, A. Peeters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Organic nitrogen (N) accumulates in the soil in temporary grasslands. This accumulation is especially important when mineral N fertilisation is high. Legume-based temporary grasslands may also supply the soil with nitrogen through fixation of atmospheric N, for instance in organic farming. When ploughing temporary grassland, great amounts of mineral nitrogen can be released through the process of decomposition and mineralisation of soil organic matter. This mineral nitrogen can be taken up by succeeding crops. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of temporary grasslands of different ages, N fertilisation levels and legume contents on winter wheat yields …
Effect Of Cutting Date On Quality Of Red Clover Forage, S. Vasiljevic, S. Katic, V. Mihailovic, B. Cupina, D. Milic, A. Mikic, Dj. Karagic, I. Pataki
Effect Of Cutting Date On Quality Of Red Clover Forage, S. Vasiljevic, S. Katic, V. Mihailovic, B. Cupina, D. Milic, A. Mikic, Dj. Karagic, I. Pataki
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Development stage or plant age is an important factor determining the chemical composition and quality of red clover forage (Ignjatovic et al., 2001). In early spring, young red clover plants have large leaf mass, high contents of moisture, protein and minerals and a low fibre content. In the course of the growing season, under the effects of long days and high temperatures, the plant undergoes morphological changes: leaves grow more slowly, the stem elongates, dry matter yield increases and quality drops, especially digestibility and the contents of protein and minerals.
Distribution Of Trace Elements In Plant Parts Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), S. Ignjatovic, Z. Lugic, D. Sokolovic, J. Radovic
Distribution Of Trace Elements In Plant Parts Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), S. Ignjatovic, Z. Lugic, D. Sokolovic, J. Radovic
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
There is little information on the distribution of minerals in plant parts although factors affecting mineral content in forages have been well investigated (Fleming, 1973; Whitehead et al., 1985). The aim of this investigation was to determine the trace mineral content in plant parts of different cultivars of red clover (foreign and domestic) and to assess differences between cultivars. The existence of significant differences between cultivars would indicate the possibility of selecting cultivars to satisfy particular animal requirements for minerals.
Substrate-Dependent Activation Of Polyphenol Oxidase In Red Clover, Ana L. Winters, F. R. Minchin, P. Morris
Substrate-Dependent Activation Of Polyphenol Oxidase In Red Clover, Ana L. Winters, F. R. Minchin, P. Morris
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are copper metaloproteins that catalyse the oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones, highly reactive molecules which readily bind to nucleophilic sites on cellular components and proteins. Red clover protein, due to this enzyme is resistant to protease degradation during. Theses enzymes (circa. 60-65 kDa) are located in the thylakoid lumen and can be converted to a 40-45 kDa form by proteolysis both in vitro and in vivo (Gelder et al., 1997). Conversion to the smaller form has been demonstrated to confer activity at neutral pH. Other treatments, such as the presence of lipids or detergents …
Root Senescence In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), K. J. Webb, E. Tuck, S. Heywood, M. T. Abberton
Root Senescence In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), K. J. Webb, E. Tuck, S. Heywood, M. T. Abberton
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Legume root systems form a mosaic of living, ageing and dead roots and nodules. The balance between these stages alters during plant development. Stressful events (drought, temperature change, reduced carbon supply, etc.) disturb the balance (Butler et al., 1959). Effects of root and nodule death on soil structure, composition and leaching and on plant persistency are understood poorly. Plants with differing senescence patterns are useful tools to study these effects. Molecular studies of root senescence need detailed knowledge of the process and timing of root senescence and death. Biochemical and histochemical markers of senescence were used to generate preliminary …
New Approaches To Clover Breeding, M. T. Abberton, T. A. Williams, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. H. Marshall, C. Jones, E. Sizer-Coverdale, R. P. Collins
New Approaches To Clover Breeding, M. T. Abberton, T. A. Williams, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, A. H. Marshall, C. Jones, E. Sizer-Coverdale, R. P. Collins
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (T. pratense) are the major forage legumes of temperate pastures. Breeding efforts have focused on overcoming the constraints to productivity and reliability in this species and thereby optimising their contribution to mixed swards. In recent years there has been an increased emphasis on livestock production and the efficient utilisation of forage material in the rumen. In this paper we report on a shift in the aims of forage legume breeding at IGER, building on a strong agronomic platform but giving greater consideration to the environmental footprint of our varieties …
Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek
Analyses Of Genetic Change In Grass-Clover Based Systems Over Time, A. Ghesquiere, K. Mehdikhanlov, M. Malengier, J. De Riek
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Since the use of nitrogen fertilisers is reduced, swards based on grass-clover mixtures regain importance in grassland production. Management of these swards is more complicated than the management of pure grass swards. The population structure will develop in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study we will test the genetic change in the clover components of grass-clover mixtures.
Genetic And Phenotypic Diversity Of Swiss Red Clover Landraces, D. Herrmann, B. Boller, F. Widmer, R. Kölliker
Genetic And Phenotypic Diversity Of Swiss Red Clover Landraces, D. Herrmann, B. Boller, F. Widmer, R. Kölliker
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Mattenklee landraces are persistent and locally adapted Swiss red clover populations. About 100 populations are preserved and may represent a significant yet poorly characterised genetic resource for temperate regions. Genetic characterisation is important in order to improve cultivars, manage genetic resources and to maintain or restore biodiversity. The objectives of this study were to analyse genetic diversity, investigate potential ancestry and to elucidate the congruence of phenotypic and genetic structure of Mattenklee landraces.
A High-Density Ssr Linkage Map Of Red Clover And Its Transferability To Other Legumes, S. Isobe, S. Sato, E. Asamizu, I. Klimenko, N. N. Kozlov, K. Okumura, S. Tabata
A High-Density Ssr Linkage Map Of Red Clover And Its Transferability To Other Legumes, S. Isobe, S. Sato, E. Asamizu, I. Klimenko, N. N. Kozlov, K. Okumura, S. Tabata
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
A high-density linkage map of red clover was constructed based on SSR and RFLP markers. In order to construct a linkage map with user (breeder) friendly markers; i.e. informative and easy detection, two policies were adopted for marker development. One was that the markers should be derived from cDNA or gene-rich regions, and the other was that the SSR markers should be detected polymorphisms on agarose gels. We also discuss the transferability of the markers on the map to other red clover germplasm and legumes. Such highly transferable markers could be used to screen anchor markers for both on a …
Root Senescence In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), K. J. Webb, E. Tuck, S. Heywood
Root Senescence In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), K. J. Webb, E. Tuck, S. Heywood
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Legume root systems form a mosaic of living, ageing and dead roots and nodules. The balance between these stages alters during plant development. Stressful events (drought, temperature change, reduced carbon supply, etc.) disturb the balance (Butler et al., 1959). Effects of root and nodule death on soil structure, composition and leaching and on plant persistency are understood poorly. Plants with differing senescence patterns are useful tools to study these effects. Molecular studies of root senescence need detailed knowledge of the process and timing of root senescence and death. Biochemical and histochemical markers of senescence were used to generate preliminary …
Prediction Of Red Clover Content In Mixed Swards By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, B. Deprez, D. Stilmant, C. Clément, C. Decamps, A. Peeters
Prediction Of Red Clover Content In Mixed Swards By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, B. Deprez, D. Stilmant, C. Clément, C. Decamps, A. Peeters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Because of the legume fixation capacity, their high protein content, digestibility and intake characteristics, more and more attention is paid to grassland clover content. In field experiments, clover content must often be determined, for example to quantify nitrogen flux or the best practices to manage such species (Stilmant et al., 2004). However hand sorting of clover and grass, even if accurate, is time-consuming and has a high labour cost. In comparison, accuracy of visual estimation of clover content, directly in the field, varies according to training and experience. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as a method for …
Using The Red Clover Polyphenol Oxidase Gene To Inhibit Proteolytic Activity In Lucerne, R. D. Hatfield, M. L. Sullivan, R. E. Muck
Using The Red Clover Polyphenol Oxidase Gene To Inhibit Proteolytic Activity In Lucerne, R. D. Hatfield, M. L. Sullivan, R. E. Muck
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Preserving high quality forage in cool humid regions of agricultural production remains a challenge due to potentially high levels of protein degradation during ensiling. Red clover is an exception maintaining its high protein levels during ensiling. Decreased proteolytic activity in red clover is due to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and appropriate o-diphenol substrates (Jones et al., 1995, Sullivan et al., 2004). This work highlights potential strategies for utilising PPO as a means of decreasing proteolytic degradation during the ensiling of lucerne and other forages.
Effect Of Biological Additives In Red Clover – Timothy Conservation, A. Olt, H. Kaldmäe, E. Songisepp, O. Kärt
Effect Of Biological Additives In Red Clover – Timothy Conservation, A. Olt, H. Kaldmäe, E. Songisepp, O. Kärt
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Red clover at early flower bud formation is difficult to ensile. For efficient improvement of the quality of leguminous silages, chemical additives are used. The present research focuses on the effectiveness of biological additives with different composition on the fermentation and quality of clover silage.
The Influence Of The Application Of A Biological Additive On The Fermentation Process Of Red Clover Silage, Ľ. Rajčáková, R. Mlynár, M. Gallo
The Influence Of The Application Of A Biological Additive On The Fermentation Process Of Red Clover Silage, Ľ. Rajčáková, R. Mlynár, M. Gallo
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In Slovakia, mainly in the submontane and mountainous regions, growing of red clover is an important source of proteinous feeds. It is grown on 3.0% of arable land. It was the aim of this work to verify the possibilities of using a biological additive in red clover silage conservation.