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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Resistance Screening And Control Options For Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) In Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum), Ryan Christopher Doherty
Resistance Screening And Control Options For Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) In Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum), Ryan Christopher Doherty
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In the mid-2000's, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth biotypes began to emerge in many southern states. In 2006, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth was identified in a field in Mississippi County, Arkansas. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2008 to screen Palmer amaranth accessions, collected in this survey, for glyphosate resistance. Inflorescence were collected from a total of 276 plants from fields were glyphosate failure occurred, representing 74 accessions in 14 counties, including Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Greene, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lee, Mississippi, Phillips, Poinsett, Randolph, St. Francis, and White Counties. Eight of the 74 accessions did not produce viable seed. In the greenhouse, 32 …
Breeding For Modified Seed Composition In Soybean: Selection Of Genotypes, Yield Stability, And Environmental Effects, Luciano Miguel Jaureguy
Breeding For Modified Seed Composition In Soybean: Selection Of Genotypes, Yield Stability, And Environmental Effects, Luciano Miguel Jaureguy
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The development of cultivars with modified seed composition represents an excellent alternative to cope with the world's need for more nutritious food. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors controlling crop seed quality traits is of crucial importance for such an endeavor. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the efficiency of phenotype and marker-assisted selection for low stachyose and low phytate soybean breeding lines, and their yield stability, b) to study the effect of management practices planting date and delayed harvest on soybean seed composition, and c) to study the potential association between soil properties and leaf chemical …
False Smut Of Rice: Histological Analysis Of Infection, Liem Thi Thanh Nguyen
False Smut Of Rice: Histological Analysis Of Infection, Liem Thi Thanh Nguyen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
False smut of rice, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi (Teleomorph: Villosiclava virens), has become a common disease in most major rice growing regions throughout the world. Considerable confusion exists regarding the infection process and the disease cycle. Therefore, a clearer understanding of pathogenesis caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is critical for future efforts to develop genetic and chemical tools to manage false smut in Arkansas and other regions of the world. The overall goal of this research was to clarify the infection process underlying false smut, with emphasis on comparing and contrasting the histological basis of root and foliar infections. …
Evaluation Of The Recombination Efficiencies Of Flp Proteins, Linh Duy Nguyen
Evaluation Of The Recombination Efficiencies Of Flp Proteins, Linh Duy Nguyen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Site-specific recombination systems are powerful tools for genetic modification. They have been used to integrate a transgene into a pre-defined locus and to remove marker genes from a transgene locus. Two of the most widely used site-specific recombination systems in plants are the Cre/lox system from the bacteriophage P1 and the FLP/FRT system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Cre/lox system is well-characterized and is the first choice in application of site-specific recombination system. However, some applications such as marker-free site-specific gene integration require the use of two recombination systems. In addition, the availability of alternative recombination systems can offer …
Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2012, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor
Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2012, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.
Alternative Herbicide Control Options For Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri), George Macmillan Botha
Alternative Herbicide Control Options For Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri), George Macmillan Botha
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has prompted a shift in weed management strategies worldwide. Studies were conducted with the aim to (1) establish and compare the degree of tolerance of GR Palmer amaranth populations; (2) assess the efficacy of glufosinate, tembotrione, 2,4-D or dicamba, applied alone or tank-mixed, on Palmer amaranth with higher tolerance to glufosinate in the greenhouse and corn field, and (3) establish the mechanism involved in the tolerance of Palmer amaranth to glufosinate. Tembotrione, 2,4-D, dicamba, and glufosinate applied at 1x controlled 80 to 100%, 98 to 100%, 84 to 100%, and 94 to 100% …
Meta-Analysis Of Wheat Qtl Regions Associated With Heat And Drought Stress, Marlovi Andrea Acuna Galindo
Meta-Analysis Of Wheat Qtl Regions Associated With Heat And Drought Stress, Marlovi Andrea Acuna Galindo
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Heat and drought are the two most important environmental constraints to wheat production globally, are often present simultaneously and will become more severe with global climate change. This presents a unique challenge to wheat scientists who must work to develop wheat cultivars that are productive and adapted to future environmental conditions. A number of recent studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with heat and drought tolerance, as well as QTL for stress adaptive traits such as the availability of stem carbohydrates or crop canopy temperature. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of these QTL …
Long-Term Effects Of Rice Rotation, Tillage, And Fertility On Near-Surface Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling, Jill Marie Motschenbacher
Long-Term Effects Of Rice Rotation, Tillage, And Fertility On Near-Surface Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling, Jill Marie Motschenbacher
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems are different from other row crops due to the flood-irrigation scheme used from about one month after planting to a few weeks prior to harvest. The frequent cycling between anaerobic (i.e., flooding during the growing season) and aerobic (i.e., generally, the remainder of the year) conditions can influence the rate of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, which can greatly influence carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and sequestration in the soil over time. Therefore, a study was conducted on a silt-loam soil (fine, smectitic, thermic, Typic Albaqualf) at the Rice Research and Extension Center …
Documentation And Control Of Acetolactate Synthase-Resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa Crus-Galli) In Arkansas Rice, Michael Joshua Wilson
Documentation And Control Of Acetolactate Synthase-Resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa Crus-Galli) In Arkansas Rice, Michael Joshua Wilson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Barnyardgrass, the most problematic grass weed of Arkansas rice, was found resistant to propanil in 1990, and since then, it has evolved resistance to quinclorac and clomazone. Barnyardgrass is now believed to have evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. The goal of this research was to confirm and determine the level of resistance of the putative resistant biotype to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides imazethapyr, bispyribac, and penoxsulam and to develop herbicide programs for controlling ALS-, propanil-, quinclorac-, and clomazone-resistant barnyardgrass. The lethal dose needed to kill 50% of the putative ALS-resistant plants was higher than that of the susceptible biotype …
Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2012, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor
Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2012, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.
Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2010, Katherine Mcgraw, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller
Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2010, Katherine Mcgraw, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller
Research Reports and Research Bulletins
This report is the seventh in a series of reports examining agriculture’s economic contribution on the Arkansas economy. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. (MIG), the economic contribution of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the most recent year available, 2010. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State information for Arkansas in 2010 was compared with those of other states in the Southeast U.S. to give a measure of the relative importance of agriculture in Arkansas.2 The total …
Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2011, Derrick M. Oosterhuis
Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2011, Derrick M. Oosterhuis
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
No abstract provided.
Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2011-2012, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, J. P. Kelley, E. A. Milus
Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2011-2012, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, J. P. Kelley, E. A. Milus
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.
B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2011, R. J. Norman, K.A. K. Moldenhauer
B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2011, R. J. Norman, K.A. K. Moldenhauer
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Meloidogyne Incognita, Soil Physical Parameters, And Thielaviopsis Basicola On Cotton Root Architecture And Plant Growth, Jianbing Ma
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the seedling pathogen, Thielaviopsis basicola, commonly co-exist in Arkansas cotton fields and may interact resulting in increased losses. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil physical parameters on these soilborne pathogens and cotton growth in controlled environmental, field, and microplot studies. Controlled environmental experiments used two soil bulk densities and four pathogen treatments: non-infested soil, soil infested with M. incognita or T. basicola and soil infested with both pathogens. The results indicated bulk density generally did not affect seedling growth or disease since soils had low penetration resistance …
Economic Implications Of Extreme Heat Effects On Rice Yield And Milling Quality In Arkansas, Nate Lyman
Economic Implications Of Extreme Heat Effects On Rice Yield And Milling Quality In Arkansas, Nate Lyman
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Future increases in global surface temperature threaten those worldwide who depend on rice production for their livelihoods and food security. Past analyses of extreme heat effects on rice production have focused on paddy yield and have not accounted for the detrimental impact of extreme heat on milling quality outcomes which ultimately determine edible (marketable) rice yield and value. Using rice yield and milling quality data on six popular rice cultivars from Arkansas, USA, combined with on-site, half-hourly and daily temperature observations, this study finds a nonlinear effect of extreme heat exposure on yield and milling quality. A 1 °C increase …
The Evolution Of Natural Plant Communities Through Crop Migration And Crop-To-Weed Gene Flow, Meredith G. Schafer
The Evolution Of Natural Plant Communities Through Crop Migration And Crop-To-Weed Gene Flow, Meredith G. Schafer
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
With the rising demand for food and biofuels, the efficiency of crop production has become vital to assuring food security. Genetically engineered (GE) crop varieties are broadly thought to be a solution for improving the efficiency of crop production, but concerns regarding their release have heightened as more discoveries have focused on the influence of genetically engineered crops on native and weedy plant species. Risk assessment of GE crop varieties focuses on two main areas: feralization of crop systems and crop-weed hybridization. Risks include naturalization, transgene introgression, and the formation of novel genotypes in natural systems. In this study, roadside …
The Potential Environmental Benefits Of Hybrid Rice Varieties, Haxhire Myrteza
The Potential Environmental Benefits Of Hybrid Rice Varieties, Haxhire Myrteza
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
With water insufficiency being already a major issue and potential carbon policies on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Arkansas rice producers may need to undergo some changes in regards to rice cultivar selection. The purpose of this study is to estimate the environmental benefits of cultivating hybrid rice varieties as opposed to conventional and Clearfield rice varieties. To accomplish this goal, water use and GHG emissions were estimated on per acre (ac) and per bushel (bu) basis for most commonly cultivated rice varieties in Arkansas. The study focuses particularly on six main rice stations in the State of Arkansas. The hypothesis …
The Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Sucrose And Stachyose Content In Soybean Seed, Ailan Zeng
The Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Sucrose And Stachyose Content In Soybean Seed, Ailan Zeng
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Sucrose is a desirable sugar in soybean seed that affects the quality and taste of soyfoods, while stachyose is a non-digestible sugar that induces flatulence in non-ruminant animals. Therefore, soybean cultivars with high sucrose and/or low stachyose would be valuable for soyfood and meal markets. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) or genes associated with seed sucrose and stachyose content using simple sequence repeat (SSR) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A low sucrose line, MFS-553, was crossed with a high sucrose plant introduction, PI 243545, to develop the sucrose QTL mapping population. A …
Soybean Maturity Group Tradeoffs: Irrigation, Weed Control, And Nitrogen Fixation, Ryan Wegerer
Soybean Maturity Group Tradeoffs: Irrigation, Weed Control, And Nitrogen Fixation, Ryan Wegerer
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter I introduces the rationale behind the study and gives a brief overview of the overall study covering weed control, irrigation needs and nitrogen fixation amounts across soybean maturity group. Chapter II will go into further detail outlining the first applied experiment dealing with weed control and irrigation issues. Alternative weed control methods are analyzed in conjunction with irrigation risk analysis across soybean maturity group in response to agricultural issues of glyphosate resistance and declining ground water supply in the Arkansas delta region. Chapter III will jointly examine irrigation application amounts and nitrogen …
Evaluation Of Isothiocyanates And Herbicide Programs As Methyl Bromide Alternatives For Weed Control In Polyethylene-Mulched Tomato And Bell Pepper, Pratap Devkota
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Methyl bromide (MeBr), a Class I ozone –depleting substance, has been banned for ordinary agricultural uses. In the absence of an effective MeBr alternative, weed control is a major challenge for commercial tomato and bell pepper production. Field trials were conducted at Fayetteville, AR, to compare allyl isothiocyanate (ITC), metam sodium, and herbicide programs with the standard MeBr application (mixture of MeBr plus chloropicrin at 67% plus 33%, respectively, hereafter referred to as MeBr) for crop injury, weed control, viable yellow nutsedge tubers, and marketable yield in low–density polyethylene (LDPE) mulched tomato and bell pepper production. In addition, herbicide programs …
The Impact Of Selected Forage Legumes On Cattle Performance, Forage Production, And Soil Quality, And Evaluation Of Legume Persistence Under Grazing, Bradley Edward Briggs
The Impact Of Selected Forage Legumes On Cattle Performance, Forage Production, And Soil Quality, And Evaluation Of Legume Persistence Under Grazing, Bradley Edward Briggs
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Interest in substituting legumes for N fertilizer in beef cattle grazing systems has recently increased with rising fertilizer prices. Legumes are well known for their ability to fix atmospheric N and decrease dependence on input of N fertilizer. However, there are still difficulties associated with legume utilization including establishment and persistence. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate legume performance under herbivory. The objective of Experiment 1 was to compare forage production and beef cattle gains from annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures fertilized with N or overseeded with legumes. Gelbvieh × Angus …
Weed Science Research Summaries 2011, K. L. Smith, J. A. Bullington, R. C. Doherty, J. R. Meier
Weed Science Research Summaries 2011, K. L. Smith, J. A. Bullington, R. C. Doherty, J. R. Meier
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
No abstract provided.
Multifunctionality In U.S. Rice Production: A Logit Analysis In Farmers Participation, Juan Tur Cardona
Multifunctionality In U.S. Rice Production: A Logit Analysis In Farmers Participation, Juan Tur Cardona
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Multifunctional agriculture is particularly fundamental to some working lands conservation policies and programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP), Conservation Security Program (CSP) and Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP). Farmers can also be engaged in providing recreational and agri-tourism services such as hunting, fishing, bird-watching, farm tours, petting zoos and hospitality services. Using the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) we analyze factors associated with participation in conservation, recreation and agri-tourism activities as a function of farm structure, farm financial measures, production practices, and socio-demographic characteristics of the farm operator. To estimate the functional relationships we estimate a binary …
Herbicide Resistance Mechanism(S) In Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne Ssp. Multiflorum) Populations In The Southern United States, Reiofeli Algodon Salas
Herbicide Resistance Mechanism(S) In Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne Ssp. Multiflorum) Populations In The Southern United States, Reiofeli Algodon Salas
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Italian ryegrass is a principal weed problem in wheat production fields in the Southern US. Resistance to herbicides diclofop, mesosulfuron, and pinoxaden among ryegrass populations has been reported. Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass populations were identified in Desha County, Arkansas. This research aimed to 1) determine resistance patterns to ACCase (diclofop and pinoxaden) and ALS (imazamox, mesosulfuron, and pyroxsulam) herbicides among Italian ryegrass populations from the southern US; 2) determine if cytochrome P450-mediated enhanced herbicide metabolism contributed to resistance; and 3) elucidate the resistance mechanism to glyphosate in four Arkansas populations (Des03, Des05, Des14, and D8). For objective 1, 30 accessions from …
Effect Of Water-Deficit Stress On Cotton During Reproductive Development, Dimitra Loka
Effect Of Water-Deficit Stress On Cotton During Reproductive Development, Dimitra Loka
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Water deficit is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity around the world. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is considered to be relatively tolerant to drought and the effects of water stress on leaf physiology and metabolism have been extensively documented. However, information is lacking on the effect of water-deficit stress on the cotton flower. It was hypothesized that water-deficit stress would impair gas exchange functions which consequently would result in perturbation of carbohydrates of cotton reproductive units. To investigate this hypothesis growth room studies and field studies were conducted with the objectives being to document the physiological …
Establishment Method And Cultural Practice Effects On Sports Turf, Josh Anderson
Establishment Method And Cultural Practice Effects On Sports Turf, Josh Anderson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The use of soil-based sod on sand-based rootzones for the establishment of sports fields and golf courses is a common occurrence. Furthermore, the use of soil-based sod on sand-based rootzones can lead to potential problems associated with decreased water infiltration, gas exchange, rooting, and turfgrass quality caused by soil layering. Core-aerification and sand topdressing may help alleviate the problems associated with soil layering from the use of soil-based sod on sand-based rootzones. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of sod establishment methods and post- establishment cultural practices on the infiltration rate, moisture content, divot resistance, …
Identification And Confirmation Of Ssr Markers And Qtl For Seed Calcium Content And Hardness Of Soybean, Moldir Orazaly
Identification And Confirmation Of Ssr Markers And Qtl For Seed Calcium Content And Hardness Of Soybean, Moldir Orazaly
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The health benefits and the nutritional values of soyfood products have expanded the demand for food-grade soybean varieties. For whole soyfood products such as natto, small seeded varieties with proper texture are essential. Seed calcium content and hardness are main factors in determining the seed texture. Utilizing molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for marker assisted selection (MAS) has been an efficient technique for breeders. To find molecular markers associated with a trait is an initial step. The confirmation of QTL in different environments and in different genetic backgrounds is important for MAS. The objectives of this research …
Cotton Response To High Temperature Stress During Reproductive Development, Justin B. Phillips
Cotton Response To High Temperature Stress During Reproductive Development, Justin B. Phillips
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Temperature is a primary controller of the rate of plant growth, developmental events, and fruit maturation. Increased temperatures from global climate change are projected to cause substantial losses in crop productivity by the end of the twenty-first century. Elevated temperatures affect all stages of cotton development, but the crop seems to be particularly sensitive to adverse temperatures during reproductive development. In Arkansas, temperature stress is considered to be one of the main factors affecting cotton yield. Environmental stress during floral development is a major reason for the disparity between actual and potential yields. Field and growth chamber studies were conducted …
Arkansas Turfgrass Report 2010, Douglas Karcher, Aaron Patton, Michael Richardson
Arkansas Turfgrass Report 2010, Douglas Karcher, Aaron Patton, Michael Richardson
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
No abstract provided.