Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Expertos Analizan Impacto Del Cambio Climático En Granos Básicos Y Sorgos Forrajeros En El Salvador, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

En el evento participan profesionales de El Salvador, así como de las universidades de Kansas State y Purdue, de Estados Unidos.

Exponer y analizar los principales efectos derivados del cambio climático en los cultivos de El Salvador, así como el impacto que ha tenido la adopción de variedades forrajeras de sorgo en el país, son los objetivos principales de los foros realizados este miércoles por el Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal “Enrique Álvarez Córdova” (CENTA) con apoyo del Instituto Internacional de Sorgo, Mijo y otros granos (INTSORMIL).

Rentabilidad De La Introduccion De Nuevos Cultivares De Sorgo En La Industria Lactea De El Salvador: Estudio De Impacto Economico, Alexis H. Villacís, John H. Sanders

INTSORMIL Presentations

La introducción de nuevas tecnologías:

Propulsor del desarrollo agrícola.

Sorgos sensitivos:

Reserva o póliza de seguro

Introducidos recientemente desde los años 70 para la siembra en los valles en la segunda temporada.

Últimos 30 años introducción acelerada: Alimentación de aves y en el sector del ganado lechero.

Inversiones de CENTA y MAG.

Aumento de ingresos:

Mayor demanda de alimentos de alta calidad (carne, leche, queso, frutas y verduras).

Investigación agrícola dirigida por René Clara del CENTA: Desarrollo de nuevos cultivares.

Investigación agrícola y extensionismo es costoso:

Rentabilidad de las inversiones públicas?

Quiénes fueron los beneficiarios?

Returns To The Introduction Of New Sorghum Cultivars Into The Dairy Industry Of El Salvador, Alexis H. Villacís, John H. Sanders

INTSORMIL Presentations

The driver of agricultural development is the introduction of new technology. Sensitive sorghums have long been a critical component of hillside Central American agriculture providing a reserve or insurance policy when the principal staple of maize falters. The insensitive sorghums have been more recently introduced since the ‘70s for planting in the valleys in the second season. In the last thirty years the introduction of new insensitive cultivars has accelerated initially for poultry and in the previous two decades for dairy production. This growth has been facilitated by strategic investments in research by CENTA and the Ministry of Agriculture.

As …

Climate Change And Climate Variability: El Salvador – Impacts On Productivity Of Grain Crops And Opportunities For Management And Improvement, P. V. Vara Prasad

INTSORMIL Presentations

1. Climate change and climate variability (past and future).

2. Climate change and variability in El Salvador (climate models).

3. Impact of temperature on grain yield of dry bean, maize and sorghum in El Salvador (crop simulation models).

4. Effects of temperature, drought and/or carbon dioxide: experimental evidence (response of grain sorghum, maize and dry bean).

5. Opportunities for crop management and genetic improvement.

Rentibilidad De La Introducción De Nuevas Variedades De Sorgo Del Centa En La Industria Lechera De El Salvador: Ponencia Presentada En La Conferencia Del Centa: "Cambio Climático E Impacto De Los Sorgos Forrajeros" Diciembre 7, 2011, San Salvador, El Salvador, Alexis H. Villacís, John H. Sanders

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El propulsor del desarrollo agrlcola es la introducción de nuevas tecnologlas. Sorgos fotosensitivos' han sido un componente crítico en la agricultura de las laderas centroamericanas, ofreciendo una reserva o póliza de seguro cuando el alimento básico principal de maiz tambalea. Los sorgos foto-insensitivos han sido introducidos recientemente desde los anos 70 para la siembra en postrera en los valles. En los últimos treinta anos, la introducción de nuevas variedades insensitivas se ha acelerado, en un inicio para las aves de corral y en las dos décadas anteriores para la producción lechera. Este crecimiento ha sido posible gracias a las inversiones …

Diversification Or Cotton Recovery In The Malian Cotton Zone: Effects On Households And Women, Jeanne Yekeleya Coulibaly

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

This dissertation investigates income diversification alternatives from the cotton economy and compares those initiatives with present policy measures to restore the cotton sector in Mali. It also derives the welfare implications for women of these various policy measures.

During the decade preceding 2011, farmers’ incomes in the cotton zone of Mali have been significantly affected by the downturn of the cotton economy explained by many factors including the low farm gate cotton price, the declining cotton yields and soil fertility concerns. In 2011, the Malian government substantially increased the farm gate cotton price as a result of the world cotton …

Sorgo Centa S-2 Bmr: Nueva Variedad Forrajera, René Clará Valencia, Salvador Zeledón, Máximo Hernández, Ricardo Estebez Jeorge, Marcos Mejía, Berta Nely Menjivar, Marlon Sorto

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El uso tradicional del grano de sorgo en nuestro país ha sido principalmente en la alimentación de especies menores, mientras que los rastrojos de este cultivo se han utilizado para alimentar al ganado bovino especialmente durante la época seca. En ganaderías de subsistencia yen otras explotaciones lecheras más tecnificadas emplean los forrajes conservados como silo o heno para suplir las necesidades alimenticias durante la época seca que es la más crítica para la alimentación.

Algunas ganaderlas tecnificadas prefieren el maíz para ensilarlo debido a su mayor valor nutritivo; sin embargo la incorporación de los genes "bmr' en las nuevas variedades …

Improvement Of Farmers' Incomes Through Improved Processing Of Sorghum And Millets In West Africa, Ababacar Sadikh N'Doye, Bruce Hamaker, Roy L. Whistler

INTSORMIL Presentations

Purdue University and ITA are very active in the USAID INTSORMIL CRSP Program for promoting the production and the consumption of millet and sorghum in West Africa. Countries involved in this program are : Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Sénégal.

Market-oriented objectives of the INTSORMIL Program on millet and sorghum in West Africa:

Objective 1: Increase the supply of high quality grain through the introduction of new production technologies at the farmer level in West Africa.

Objective 2: Contribute to the development of the processing sector through technologies improvement , more effective technology transfer to processors, and better links …

Heritable Epigenetic Variation Among Maize Inbreds, Steve R. Eichten, Ruth A. Swanson, James C. Schnable, Amanda J. Waters, Peter J. Hermanson, Sanzhen Liu, Cheng-Ting Yeh, Yi Jia, Karla Gendler, Michael Freeling, Patrick S. Schnable, Matthew W. Vaughn, Nathan M. Springer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Epigenetic variation describes heritable differences that are not attributable to changes in DNA sequence. There is the potential for pure epigenetic variation that occurs in the absence of any genetic change or for more complex situations that involve both genetic and epigenetic differences. Methylation of cytosine residues provides one mechanism for the inheritance of epigenetic information. A genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in two different genotypes of Zea mays (ssp. mays), an organism with a complex genome of interspersed genes and repetitive elements, allowed the identification and characterization of examples of natural epigenetic variation. The distribution of DNA methylation …

From The Dean And Director, Gary Pierzynski

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

This issue of the Ag Report has an international theme. It features our efforts to train the Kansas National Guard agribusiness development teams deploying to Afghanistan and some of our international activities in Africa.

Grain Science Honors Alumni And Industry Leaders, Gloria Holcombe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The Department of Grain Science and Industry recognized eight distinguished individuals at its spring luncheon.

Outstanding Service Awards were presented to Aaron Harries, John Khoury,John Mathew, and Jim Rempe. Outstanding Alumni Awards went to Fred Merrill, Bill Pursley, Dale Rodman, and Lloyd Rooney.

Borlaug Fellowship Opens Doors For Rachel Opole [Student Accolades], Mary Lou Peter

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Rachel Opole grew up in Nairobi, Kenya’s capitol, and the K-State doctoral student developed an early interest in livestock and crop production. Those interests, largely influenced by her parents, inspired her desire to improve crops grown to feed people. To enhance her work in that area, Opole earned the Norman E. Borlaug Leadership Enhancement in Agriculture Program (LEAP) fellowship, administered by the University of California–Davis.

Plant Pathologist And Grain Scientist Earn K-State’S Highest Honor, Gloria Holcombe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Two innovative College of Agriculture faculty — John Leslie, professor and head of the Department of Plant Pathology, and Xiuzhi “Susan” Sun, professor of grain science and industry — were selected university distinguished professors, a lifetime title and the highest honor K-State bestows on its faculty.

Beneficial Partnerships: K-Staters Conduct Projects Throughout Africa, Gloria Holcombe, Timothy Dalton

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Africa grows many of the same crops as Kansas, including sorghum and wheat. In fact, sorghum germplasm came from Africa, and now Kansas is the No. 1 sorghum producer in the United States.

K-State has expertise in grain storage issues, wheat and grain sorghum milling, and growing crops under dryland and irrigated conditions — vital information for African producers. Faculty secure grant funding to cover travel and other expenses associated with these partnerships. As an added bonus, they bring international experience into the classroom to share with their students. International collaborations help develop networks to share research, establish new markets, …

Effects Of Soil And Foliar Applications Of Zinc On Grain Zinc Concentrations Of Maize, Sorghum And Wheat In Zambia, Obed I. Lungu, S. Simunji, I. Cakmak

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Micronutrient deficiencies are quite widespread in Sub‐Saharan Africa including Zambia. A survey study of selenium and zinc content in selected soils and staple food crops showed low concentrations that suggested that populations might be at risk of low intake of these micronutrients through the diet. The beneficial effects of Se and Zn are well documented in human populations (Black et al. 2008). Agronomic bio‐fortification offers a promising strategy to address micronutrient deficiency in the diet (Cakmak, 2008). This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil and foliar applications of Zn on Zn concentrations in maize, sorghum and wheat.

Miscanthus 3 Giganteus Productivity: The Effects Of Management In Different Environments, Matt Maughan, German Bollero, D.K. Lee, Robert Darmody, Stacy Bonos, Laura Cortese, James Murphy, Roch E. Gaussoin, Matthew Sousek, David Williams, Linda Williams, Fernando Miguez, Thomas Voigt

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Miscanthus 9 giganteus is a C4 perennial grass that shows great potential as a high-yielding biomass crop. Scant research has been published that reports M. 9 giganteus growth and biomass yields in different environments in the United States. This study investigated the establishment success, plant growth, and dry biomass yield of M. 9 giganteus during its first three seasons at four locations (Urbana, IL; Lexington, KY; Mead, NE; Adelphia, NJ) in the United States. Three nitrogen rates (0, 60, and 120 kg ha -1) were applied at each location each year. Good survival of M. 9 giganteus during its first …

Gata-Family Transcription Factors In Magnaporthe Oryzae, Cristian F. Quispe

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The filamentous fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, responsible for blast rice disease, destroys around 10-30% of the rice crop annually. Infection begins when the specialized infection structure, the appressorium, generates enormous internal turgor pressure through the accumulation of glycerol. This turgor acts on a penetration peg emerging at the base of the cell, causing it to breach the leaf surface allowing its infection.

The enzyme trehalose-6- phosphate synthase (Tps1) is a central regulator of the transition from appressorium development to infectious hyphal growth. In the first chapter we show that initiation of rice blast disease requires a regulatory mechanism involving an …

Transpiration-Use Efficiency Coefficient Of Seven Weed Species As Affected By Fraction Of Transpirable Soil Water And Growth Stage, Venkatarao Mannam

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Transpiration-use efficiency coefficient (Kc) describes the amount of biomass produced per unit transpiration at a given vapor pressure deficit. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the K_c values of seven weed species and to measure how K_c values were affected by fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) level and plant growth stage. Experiments were conducted using a factorial design with 4 levels of water stress (0.3, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 FTSW) and two harvest times (first bloom and seed maturity). After plants attained a predetermined size, each plant was sealed at the base using a …

Herbicide-Resistant Risk Assessment: Response Of Common Nebraska Weeds To Dicamba Dose, Roberto J. Crespo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dicamba-resistant soybeans are being developed to provide an additional herbicide mechanism of action that can be used in soybean, and to provide a tool to help manage or mitigate the evolution of other herbicide-resistant weed populations. The objectives of this thesis were to assess the risk of common Nebraska weeds developing resistance to dicamba, quantify baseline dose-response to dicamba of high-risk weed species, and survey the variability in dicamba dose-response among populations of those species. Twenty-five weed scientists were asked to estimate the risk likelihood of ten weed species evolving resistance to dicamba following the commercialization of dicamba-resistant soybean. Palmer …

Biology, Systematics, Phylogenetic Analysis And Dna Character-Based Species Diagnosis Of The False Root-Knot Nematode Nacobbus Aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Thorne & Allen 1944 (Nemata:Pratylenchidae), Angel Ramirez-Suarez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The False Root-Knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans is a plant parasitic nematode that causes yield losses in several crops and plant protection agencies have established regulations to prevent infestations from spreading to new agricultural areas. The taxonomic status of the nematode has been the subject of controversy due to wide degree of variation exhibited by the species. This variability has led to the suggestion that N. aberrans is actually a species complex rather than a single species. In order to test this hypothesis, we compared twelve N. aberrans populations, which include isolates from western Nebraska, two distinct regions of Mexico and …

Factors Controlling Pre-Columbian And Early Historic Maize Productivity In The American Southwest, Part 2: The Chaco Halo, Mesa Verde, Pajarito Plateau/ Bandelier, And Zuni Archaeological Regions, Larry Benson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Chemical and nutrient analyses of 471 soil samples from 161 sites within four archaeological regions (Pajarito Plateau/Bandelier, Zuni, Mesa Verde, and the Chaco Halo) were combined with historical climate data in order to evaluate the agricultural productivity of each region. In addition, maize productivity and field-life calculations were performed using organic-nitrogen (N) values from the upper 50 cm of soil in each region and a range (1–3%/year) of N-mineralization rates. The endmember values of this range were assumed representative of dry and wet climate states. With respect to precipitation and heat, the Pajarito Plateau area has excellent agricultural potential; the …

Grinders Convert Sorghum Into Flour, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

To help contend rising wheat costs Central American bakers are looking for alternative ways to produce their baked products at a low cost without sacrificing nutritional value or taste. Sorghum flour is the answer to their problems. Sorghum flour is about half the cost of wheat flour so using sorghum flour helps bakers save money and make more of a profit. Particle size of sorghum flour must be sufficiently fine in order to substitute for wheat flour in baking recipes. However, small grinders adequate for family level bakers have not been available in Central America. That is until a collaborative …

Uso De Molinos Cti Para La Produccion Y Uso De Harina De Sorgo, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Para ayudar a lidiar con el aumento de los costos de trigo en Centro América, los panaderos están buscando formas alternativas para producir sus productos de panadería a un bajo costo sin sacrificar el valor nutritivo o sabor. La harina de sorgo es la respuesta a sus problemas. La harina de sorgo es de aproximadamente la mitad del costo de la harina de trigo, por lo que usar harina de sorgo puede ayudar a los panaderos a ahorrar dinero y disminuir costos de produccion. El tamaño de partícula de la harina de sorgo debe ser lo suficientemente fino como para …

Recetario De Productos Elaborados A Base De Sorgo (Sorghum Bicolor, L. Moench), Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

El Centro Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria y Forestal (CENTA), “Enrique Álvarez Córdova”, a través del Laboratorio de Tecnología de Alimentos, ha venido desarrollando por más de una década, investigaciones relacionadas al uso de sorgo en la alimentación humana, con la colaboración del instituto para la investigación en Sorgo y Mijo de los Estados Unidos de América (INTSORMIL). A partir del año 2000, las investigaciones en el cultivo del sorgo han tomado más auge, por lo que el Programa de Granos Básicos, como apoyo al trabajo que realiza el Laboratorio de Tecnología de Alimentos, ha desarrollado una serie de variedades mejoradas, …

Screening Synteny Blocks In Pairwise Genome Comparisons Through Integer Programming, Haibao Tang, Eric Lyons, Brent S. Pedersen, James C. Schnable, Andrew H. Paterson, Michael Freeling

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background:

It is difficult to accurately interpret chromosomal correspondences such as true orthology and paralogy due to significant divergence of genomes from a common ancestor. Analyses are particularly problematic among lineages that have repeatedly experienced whole genome duplication (WGD) events. To compare multiple “subgenomes” derived from genome duplications, we need to relax the traditional requirements of “one-to-one” syntenic matchings of genomic regions in order to reflect “one-to-many” or more generally “many-to-many” matchings. However this relaxation may result in the identification of synteny blocks that are derived from ancient shared WGDs that are not of interest. For many downstream analyses, we …

Malian Thick Porridges And Satiety, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

A study was recently conducted through INTSORMIL (Purdue Hamaker Project) to examine thick sorghum millet consumption related to preference and satiation in the Sikasso, Segou and Mopti regions of Mali. This is part of a larger study to understand the effect of thick porridges, and delayed glucose delivery to the body, on satiety and overall food consumption.

The conclusions from the following data is that porridges (tô) are generally eaten more frequently and are consumed in a thicker consistency in the villages (Figures 1 and 2), and are very satiating (Figure 3 thicker porridges correlated with lower hunger scores at …

Ensayo De Variedades De Sorgos Forrajeros Y Graniferos “Bmr” (Sorghum Bicolor), El Salvador, 2010, Ricardo Estebez Jeorge, René Clará Valencia

INTSORMIL Presentations

Los sorgos forrajeros favorecen su uso como pastura, ensilaje y componente de otros elementos para rumiantes.

Después del maíz blanco el sorgo es el segundo cereal producido en El salvador.

Las composicion es del forraje de maíz y el sorgo son bastantes similares, aunque el maíz brinda niveles mas elevados de proteín a cruda y menor contenido de fibra cruda, pero sus costos de producción son mayores comparados con los del sorgo.

Objectivos:

General: Generar tecnologías que mejoren la calidad del forraje y grano de sorgo.

Específicos:

Identificar variedades de sorgo “bmr” con alto potencial en rendimiento de forraje y …

Comportamiento De Los Sorgos Híbridos Para Grano Dentros De Los Ensayos Uniformes Del Pccmca 2010, René Clará Valencia, Rafael Obando, Nury Gutiérrez, Fabricio Dolmus, Marvin Jiménez, Ricardo Estebez, Alberto Morán, Norman Danilo Escoto Gudiel, Roman Gordón Mendoza

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objectivos

Identificar los cultivares de mejor potencial de rendimiento y calidad de grano, tolerantes a los principales problemas bióticos, abióticos y de buena adaptación al clima y suelo de la región

Poner la información de los resultados de las evaluaciones a disposición de los países y empresas, para que les sea útil a sus intereses.

Conclusiones

El análisis AMMI Biplot Sreg identifico al híbrido MS1-560 como el más estable, seguido por el MSH-551

El Ejido fue la localidadad mas discriminante, seguida por Estelí

Se formaron dos grupos ambientales el primero por la Localidad El Ejido, y el otro por las …

Manejo Agronómico En La Producción De Sorgo, Máximo Antonio Hernández Valle, Carlos Borja

INTSORMIL Presentations

Gives an overview of some issues involved in cultivating sorghum in Central America.

Validación Del Nivel De Fertilizante Nitrofosforado En Variedades De Sorgo Fotosnesitivas E Insensitivas El Salvador, 2010, Máximo Antonio Hernández Valle, Wenceslao Moreno

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objetivo General:

Validar tecnología de fertilización para mejorar los rendimientos del cultivo de sorgo.

Objetivos Específico:

a) Evaluar en las diferentes zonas Sorgueras de El Salvador una fertilización óptima, la cual incrementará el rendimiento de las variedades.

Conclusiones:

--El nivel nitrofosforado de 50kgha-1de Nitrógeno y 25 kg ha^-1 de fósforo utilizado en la variedad fotosensitiva CENTA-ZAM 911, incrementa los rendimientos de grano en el cultivo de sorgo

-El nivel nitrofosforado de 60 kg ha^-1 de Nitrógeno y 30 kg ha^-1 de fósforo utilizado en la variedad fotoinsensitiva CENTA-RCV, incrementa los rendimientos de grano en el cultivo de …