Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Nebraska Promotes Sorghum And Pearl Millet Food Processing In East Africa, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Sorghum and millet are ideal crops for many parts of Africa. However, sorghum and millet’s use as food sources for large urban populations in West Africa is hampered by 1) lack of infrastructure for conveying and demonstrating the food value of sorghum and millet to small business investors, 2) limitations on the supply of high quality grains to processors, 3) lack of small processors, 4) lack of educational resources related to small business development, 5) lack of product development expertise, and 6) lack of knowledge of evidence supporting nutritional claims associated with sorghum and millet consumption.

The Department of Food …

Intsormil, Elvis A. Heinrichs

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The Sorghum, Millet and Other Grains CRSP (INTSORMIL) is funded by the United States Agency for International Development and collaborating organizations in the U.S and in host countries. The Global INTSORMIL program involves 17 U.S. scientists at six universities and the USDA and 23 host country national research programs. The INTSORMIL mission is to use collaborative research to overcome constraints to sorghum, millet and other grains (fonio, tef and finger millet) production and utilization for the mutual benefit of agriculture in the U.S. and developing countries.

The focus is on increasing food security and promoting market development of sorghum and …

The Effect Of Residue C:N Ratio On The Turnover Of N And C In Various Soil Organic Matter Fractions, Ana B. Wingeyer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Identifying soil organic matter (SOM) fractions that contribute to soil indigenous nitrogen (N) supply and understanding their turnover under different management constitute necessary tools toward an efficient N use. The objectives of this study were: i) trace the endpoint of carbon (C) flux from residue inputs into SOM; and ii) asses the role of the light fraction (LF), mobile humic acid (MHA) fraction and calcium humate (CaHA) fraction as N sources for heterotrophic decomposition of fresh plant residues with contrasting C:N ratio. A long-term aerobic soil incubation was carried out on ¹⁵N-labeled soil samples from Lincoln and Mead, NE. …

El Salvador President Tony Saca Releases Sorghum Forage Hybrid “Centa Ss - 44", Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

President of the Republic of El Salvador, Don Elias Antonio Saca, on May 17, 2006 officially gave the green light to the opening of the agricultural year 2006-2007. Speaking in the city of Turin in the western department of Ahuachapán, El Salvador, he informed the nation’s thousands of farmers that the opportune moment to begin planting had again arrived. The Chief of State let it be known that this celebration in Turin was a clear signal to the nation’s farmers that the Government of El Salvador pledges its support to assist the farming community in producing the necessary food for …

El Presidente De El Salvador Tony Saca Libera El Híbrido De Sorgo Para Forrajes “Centa Ss - 44”, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

El 17 de Mayo del 2006 el Presidente de El Salvador Don Elias Antonio Saca, oficialmente inauguró el año agrícola 2006- 2007. En su discurso en la ciudad de Turín localizada en el Departamento de Auachapán al oeste de El Salvador, el presidente informó a los miles de agricultores de la nación que era el momento oportuno para comenzar a sembrar nuevamente. El jefe del estado les dejó conocer a todos los agricultores de la nación, que esta celebración en Turín era una clara evidencia que el gobierno de El Salvador prometía su ayuda en asistir a la comunidad granjera …

Centa Ss-44, Nuevo Híbrido De Sorgo Para Forraje En El Salvador, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Uno de los problemas que más acosa el desarollo de la industria lechera en Centro América es la falta de forraje de buena calidad, lo cual se traduce en baja producción tanto de leche como de carne y en aumento en los costos de producción. Muchos ganaderos productores de leche, en su búsqueda por un adecuado forraje para alimentar el hato de vacas, utilizan híbridos de sorgo o maíz de baja calidad lo cual resulta en pérdidas económicas.

En el caso del sorgo, el mayor problema es la falta de cultivares que tengan los siguientes atributos 1) sean tempranos, 2) …

Centa Ss- 44, New Sorghum Forage Hybrid For El Salvador, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

One of the major problems plaguing the development of the Central American dairy industry is the lack of good quality forage which results in low milk and meat production and an increase in production costs. Many dairy farmers, in their search for suitable forage to feed their cattle herds, utilize poor quality sorghum or maize hybrids which can result in economic losses.

In the case of sorghum, the major problem is a lack of cultivars that (1) are early, (2) grow rapidly, (3) are of proper plant height, (4) are resistant to diseases, (5) have high yield potential and (6) …

Sorghum: A Substitute For Maize In The West Africa Poultry Industry, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

With the declining relative prices of chicken compared with other meats, poultry consumption per capita in the USA has been increasing, while that of other meats has been stagnant or declining. Similar developments are occurring in West Africa.

There is interest in substituting sorghum for maize in poultry rations, in the U.S. and in West Africa, for both broiler and egg production. In contrast to maize, which is a thirsty plant and requires large amounts of water, sorghum offers farmers the ability to grow a crop where other crops do not produce well. In Niger, West Africa, locally produced sorghum …

Sorghum: A Substitute For Maize In The Nicaraguan Poultry Industry, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The coffee crisis brought widespread unemployment, poverty and hunger to parts of Nicaragua. In some regions, 33% of the area’s children suffer malnutrition and child mortality claims ten out of every thousand children. Partially, in response to the coffee crisis, there is interest in promoting the poultry industry in Nicaragua, and international aid agencies are assisting Nicaraguan farmers with poultry projects. For example, the Wisconsin/Nicaragua Partners of the Americas, Inc. is currently managing a poultry project in Nicaragua called Gallinas de Patio, or backyard chickens. The project provides material and technical assistance to Nicaraguan families, enabling them to successfully raise …

Sorghum: Nutritional Feed For U.S. And African Poultry, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Grain sorghum, an important dryland crop in the Central Great Plains of the United States, is adapted to growing in areas where low and erratic rainfall and high temperatures limit production of other crops such as maize and soybeans. The United States is the largest producer of grain sorghum with 6 million acres devoted to production of this crop in 2005. Kansas produces more grain sorghum, commonly known as milo, than any other U.S. state. Kansas growers value sorghum because it performs well in many types of soils and weather. More than 80% of the sorghum produced in Kansas is …

Sorghum Porridge: Fast Food In West Africa, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Sorghum porridge, sold as a fast food on the streets of the West African village of Dan Boulde, Niger? That is the goal of Purdue cereal chemist Bruce Hamaker and his graduate student Moussa Moustapha. Yes, these scientists are developing a process to speed up the arduous process of food preparation, such as the traditional West African tô from sorghum flour.

Why an instant sorghum food? The process of preparing many of the traditional foods is time consuming. West African women have many duties and don’t have the energy to spend hours preparing a meal after a day of weeding …

An African Pearl Finds A Home In The U.S., Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Pearl millet, a crop native to the harsh growing conditions of Sub Saharan Africa, is now finding a new home in the U.S. Although pearl millet has been grown for livestock forage in the U.S. for over 100 years, new uses for pearl millet and genetic improvement of the crop have recently caused pearl millet grain production to blossom.

INTSORMIL, in collaboration with the USDA-ARS and the University of Georgia, by breeding new hybrids and identifying new uses has provided a transfusion for pearl millet production in the U.S. The collaboration has resulted in the production of high quality grain …

Intsormil 2007 Annual Report, John M. Yohe, Kimberly Christiansen, Joan Frederick

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The 2007 INTSORMIL Six Year Report presents the progress and notable achievements by the Sorghum/Millet CRSP during the period of July 1, 2001 - June 30, 2007. These results are an outcome of partnerships between scientists at seven U.S. Land Grant Universities (Kansas State University, Mississippi State University, Ohio State University, University of Nebraska, Purdue University, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University), scientists of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Tifton, Georgia and the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and National Universities in nineteen countries in Central America, West Africa, East Africa and …

2007 Fall Seed Book, Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Seed Guides

FOUNDATION SEED

PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION ACT and HOW IT BENEFITS YOU!

WHEAT VARIETY SELECTION & COMPLEMENTATION

WINTER WHEAT VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS - 2007

HARD RED WINTER WHEAT

HARD WHITE WINTER WHEAT

TRITICALE

TURFGRASSES

PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES

APPROVED SEED CONDITIONERS

CUSTOM CERTIFIED CONDITIONERS

2007 NCIA MEMBERS

2007 Spring Seed Book, Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Seed Guides

FOUNDATION SEED

PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION ACT and HOW IT BENEFITS YOU!

PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES

TURFGRASSES

TURFGRASS SOD

SOYBEANS

SOYBEAN VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS - 2007

OAT VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS - 2007

OATS

SPRING BARLEY

FIELD PEAS

MILLET

MILLET VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS 2007

HYBRID SEED CORN

NEBRASKA SEED QUALITY ASSURANCE® PROGRAM

SOYBEANS BUYERS’ NOTICE

APPROVED SEED CONDITIONERS

CUSTOM CERTIFIED CONDITIONERS

2006 NCIA MEMBERS

Fertility Restoration Of The Sorghum A3 Male-Sterile Cytoplasm Through A Sporophytic Mechanism Derived From Sudangrass, Hoang V. Tang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Christine D. Chase, Daryl R. Pring

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fertility restoration of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines carrying the IS1112C (A3 group) male-sterile cytoplasm has been documented as a two-gene gametophytic mechanism involving complementary action of restoring alleles designated Rf3 and Rf4, as derived from IS1112C. Fertility restoration capability has also been reported from sudangrass (S. bicolor subsp. drummondii) populations. We describe characteristics of a fertility restoration system derived from sudangrass, in which male-sterile individuals were observed at high frequency in backcross and F2-F3 segregating populations. Segregation analyses were consistent with a sporophytic restoration system involving two complementary genes. Pollen iodine staining in fertile …

Array-Based Genotyping And Expression Analysis Of Barley Cv. Maythorpe And Golden Promise, Harkamal Walia, Clyde Wilson, Pascal Condamine, Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Jin Xu, Xinping Cui, Timothy J. Close

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Golden Promise is a salt-tolerant spring barley closely related to Maythorpe. Salt tolerance in Golden Promise has been attributed to a single mutation at the Ari-e locus (on 5H) resulting from irradiation of Maythorpe. Golden Promise accumulates lower shoot Na⁺ compared to Maythorpe when growing under saline conditions. This study focused on elucidating the genetic basis and mechanisms involved in this difference. Results: The level of polymorphism between the two genotypes was explored using the Barley1 GeneChip for single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) and an oligonucleotide pool assay for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphism analyses revealed three haplotype blocks …

Publishing Ltd Whole-Plant Mineral Partitioning Throughout The Life Cycle In Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotypes Columbia, Landsberg Erecta, Cape Verde Islands, And The Mutant Line Ysl1ysl3, Brian M. Waters, Michael A. Grusak

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

• Minimal information exists on whole-plant dynamics of mineral flow through Arabidopsis thaliana or on the source tissues responsible for mineral export to developing seeds. Understanding these phenomena in a model plant could help in the development of nutritionally enhanced crop cultivars. • A whole-plant partitioning study, using sequential harvests, was conducted to characterize growth and mineral concentrations and contents of rosettes, cauline leaves, stems, immature fruit, mature fruit hulls, and seeds of three WT lines (Col-0, Ler, and Cvi) and one mutant line (Col-0::ysl1ysl3). • Shoot mineral content increased throughout the life cycle for all minerals, although tissue-specific mineral …

Ethylene Involvement In The Regulation Of The H+-Atpase Csha1 Gene And Of The New Isolated Ferric Reductase Csfro1 And Iron Transporter Csirt1 Genes In Cucumber Plants, Brian M. Waters, Carlos Lucena, Francisco J. Romera, Gena G. Jester, April N. Wynn, Carmen L. Rojas, Esteban Alcántara, Rafael Pérez-Vicente

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In previous works using ethylene inhibitors and precursors, it has been shown that ethylene participates in the regulation of several Fe-deficiency stress responses by Strategy I plants, such as enhanced ferric reductase activity, rhizosphere acidification, and subapical root hair development. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that ethylene could regulate the expression of both the ferric reductase and the iron transporter genes of Strategy I plants by affecting the FER (or FER-like) transcription factor. Recently, two H⁺-ATPase genes have been isolated from cucumber roots, CsHA1 and CsHA2. CsHA1 is up-regulated under Fe deficiency while CsHA2 is constitutively expressed. In …

Barcsoysnp23: A Panel Of 23 Selected Snps For Soybean Cultivar Identification, M. S. Yoon, Q.J. Song, I. Y. Choi, James E. Specht, D. L. Hyten, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This report describes a set of 23 informative SNPs (BARCSoySNP23) distributed on 19 of the 20 soybean linkage groups that can be used for soybean cultivar identification. Selection of the SNPs to include in this set was made based upon the information provided by each SNP for distinguishing a diverse set of soybean genotypes as well as the linkage map position of each SNP. The genotypes included the ancestors of North American cultivars, modern North American cultivars and a group of Korean cultivars. The procedure used to identify this subset of highly informative SNP markers resulted in a significant increase …

Nutrient Use Efficiency – Measurement And Management, Achim Dobermann

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Mineral fertilizers have sustained world agriculture and thus global population and wealth growth for more than 100 years (Smil, 2001; Stewart et al., 2005). Th eir contribution to increasing crop yields has spared millions of hectares of natural ecosystems that otherwise would have been converted to agriculture (Balmford et al., 2005). However, lacking, imbalanced, inappropriate or excessive use of nutrients in agricultural systems remains a concern. Nutrient mining is a major cause for low crop yields in parts of the developing world, particularly Africa. In other situations, nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) often move beyond …

A Soybean Transcript Map: Gene Distribution, Haplotype And Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis, Ik-Young Choi, D. L. Hyten, Lakshmi K. Matukumalli, Qijian Song, Julian M. Chaky, Charles V. Quigley, Kevin Chase, K. Gordon Lark, Robert S. Reiter, Mun-Sup Yoon, Eun-Young Hwang, Seung-In Yi, Nevin D. Young, Randy C. Shoemaker, Curtis P. Van Tassell, James E. Specht, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The first genetic transcript map of the soybean genome was created by mapping one SNP in each of 1141 genes in one or more of three recombinant inbred line mapping populations, thus providing a picture of the distribution of genic sequences across the mapped portion of the genome. Singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered via the resequencing of sequence-tagged sites (STSs) developed from expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence. From an initial set of 9459 polymerase chain reaction primer sets designed to a diverse set of genes, 4240 STSs were amplified and sequenced in each of six diverse soybean genotypes. In the …

Highly Variable Patterns Of Linkage Disequilibrium In Multiple Soybean Populations, D. L. Hyten, Ik-Young Choi, Qijian Song, Randy C. Shoemaker, Randall L. Nelson, Jose M. Costa, James E. Specht, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Prospects for utilizing whole-genome association analysis in autogamous plant populations appear promising due to the reported high levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). To determine the optimal strategies for implementing association analysis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), we analyzed the structure of LD in three regions of the genome varying in length from 336 to 574 kb. This analysis was conducted in four distinct groups of soybean germplasm: 26 accessions of the wild ancestor of soybean (Glycine soja Seib. et Zucc.); 52 Asian G. max Landraces, the immediate results of domestication from G. soja; 17 Asian Landrace …

Map Location Of The Rpp1 Locus That Confers Resistance To Soybean Rust In Soybean, D. L. Hyten, G. L. Hartman, R. L. Nelson, R. D. Frederick, V. C. Concibido, J. M. Narvel, P. B. Cregan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was first discovered in North America in 2004 and has the potential to become a major soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease in the USA. Currently, four SBR resistance genes have been identifi ed but not mapped on the soybean genetic linkage map. One of these resistance genes is the Rpp1 gene, which is present in the soybean accession PI 200492. The availability of molecular markers associated with Rpp1 will permit marker-assisted selection and expedite the incorporation of this gene into U.S. cultivars. We compared simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers between …

Fertility Restoration Of The Sorghum A3 Male-Sterile Cytoplasm Through A Sporophytic Mechanism Derived From Sudangrass, Hoang V. Tang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Christine D. Chase, Daryl R. Pring

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fertility restoration of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines carrying the IS1112C (A3 group) male-sterile cytoplasm has been documented as a two-gene gametophytic mechanism involving complementary action of restoring alleles designated Rf3 and Rf4, as derived from IS1112C. Fertility restoration capability has also been reported from sudangrass (S. bicolor subsp. drummondii) populations. We describe characteristics of a fertility restoration system derived from sudangrass, in which male-sterile individuals were observed at high frequency in backcross and F₂-F₃ segregating populations. Segregation analyses were consistent with a sporophytic restoration system involving two complementary genes. Pollen iodine …

Cell Wall Proteome In The Maize Primary Root Elongation Zone. Ii. Region-Specific Changes In Water Soluble And Lightly Ionically Bound Proteins Under Water Deficit1[W][Oa], Jinming Zhu, Sophie Alvarez, Ellen L. Marsh, Mary E. Lenoble, In-Jeong Cho, Mayandi Sivaguru, Sixue Chen, Henry T. Nguyen, Yajun Wu, Daniel P. Schachtman, Robert E. Sharp

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Previous work on the adaptation of maize (Zea mays) primary roots to water deficit showed that cell elongation is maintained preferentially toward the apex, and that this response involves modification of cell wall extension properties. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how cell wall protein (CWP) composition changes in association with the differential growth responses to water deficit in different regions of the elongation zone, a proteomics approach was used to examine water soluble and loosely ionically bound CWPs. The results revealed major and predominantly region-specific changes in protein profiles between well-watered and water-stressed roots. In total, 152 …