Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Evaluating The Current Weed Community In Wild Blueberry Fields And Ipm Strategies For Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum Androsaemifolium), Anthony G. Ayers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) is Maine’s third largest crop (USDA 2020 a). From 2017 – 2019 the three seasons yield average was 27,200 tons were harvested from 19,500 acres for a value of $22,468,000 (USDA 2020 c). Lowbush blueberries are managed on a two-year cycle. Every other year, lowbush blueberry fields are pruned to the ground either through the use of a tractor mounted flail mower or a prescribed burn (Yarborough 2009). Pruning is a necessary part of managing lowbush blueberries as the second-year growth produces the highest yield but steadily declines in subsequent years (Drummond et al. …

Resistance To Herbicides Conferred By Amaranthus Palmeri Protoporphyrinogen Ix Oxidase Mutations, Pamela Carvalho De Lima

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) is one of the most problematic agronomic weeds to control in fields across Arkansas. Thus far, this species has evolved resistance to several herbicides, including protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. The majority of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth populations harbor a target-site mutation (substitution or deletion of amino acids). The objective of this thesis was to identify the level of fomesafen resistance conferred by PPO2 mutations from Palmer amaranth. The experiments conducted aimed to (1) characterize the level of resistance conferred by the transgene Palmer amaranth ppo2 carrying ΔG210 mutation into the wild type rice (Oryza …

Grains, Seeds And Hay Industry Funding Scheme Annual Report 2019/2020, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

The Grains, Seeds and Hay Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) has been operating since 2010 to address biosecurity threats relevant to Western Australia’s (WA) grains, seeds and hay industry. The Scheme was established under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 to enable growers to identify the pest and disease priorities at a whole-of-industry level and raise funds for activities to address these priorities.

There are currently three Industry Funding Schemes in operation. In addition to the Grains, Seeds and Hay IFS, there is a Cattle IFS and a Sheep and Goat IFS. The three IFSs operate in a similar manner. …

Pre-Emergence Herbicides And Mulches For Weed Control In Cutting Propagation, Anthony L. Witcher, Isha Poudel

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Weed control is critical in cutting propagation to maximize root growth and liner quality, but hand weeding is time consuming and not cost efficient. Pre-emergence herbicides are widely used in container-grown nursery crop production, but concerns of potential phytotoxicity have limited widespread use in propagation. Mulches are a viable alternative for weed control but few products have been evaluated in propagation. Five pre-emergence herbicides and five mulches were evaluated for rooting stem cuttings of three nursery crop species and for control of four weed species. Mulches were applied (0.8 cm depth) prior to sticking cuttings while pre-emergence herbicides were applied …

Sensitivity Of Enlisttm And Roundup Ready Xtend® Technologies To Auxin Herbicides And Comparison Of Resistance To Susceptible Cotton And Soybean Cultivars, James Rose

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Increases in weed resistance have led to the development of new herbicide-resistant crop technologies, namely the Roundup Ready Xtend® and EnlistTM weed control systems. These new technologies provide resistance to applications of the synthetic auxins dicamba or 2,4-D, respectively, in traited cotton or soybean. It is unknown if there is any resistance to other herbicides within the synthetic auxin group (WSSA Group 4) in these traited crops. Experiments were conducted with auxin herbicides representing all five families within WSSA Group 4. Herbicides were applied either preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) relative to the crop in a single application. Applications were …

Influence Of Six Herbicides Applied To Silage Corn On Fall Planted Rye And Radish Cover Crop Growth In South Dakota Soils, Sydney Pridie

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Spring preemergence herbicide applications are often used for burndown of existing weeds and residual control, eliminating weed presence during early season crop growth. There has been an increase in the interest in planting cover crops soon after cash crop removal, due to the potential soil and production benefits. However, soil herbicide residuals may result in poor cover crop growth. This study examined the growth of radish (Raphanus sativa) and rye (Secale cereal), species often used as cover crops, in soils that had been treated with residual herbicides about 100 d prior to cover crop planting. The …

Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl Use In Arkansas Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Hannah Elizabeth Wright

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a synthetic auxin herbicide which was commercially released in 2018 to combat troublesome grass, broadleaf, and sedge weed species in rice. Many factors may influence cultivar response to a new herbicide; hence, it is important to understand factors contributing to crop sensitivity to an herbicide in order to make appropriate recommendations. Prior to the onset of this study, research had been conducted on florpyrauxifen-benzyl in a flooded environment; however, none had been executed in a non-flooded environment. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of a long-grain variety ‘CL111’, a medium-grain variety ‘CL272’, and a long-grain hybrid ‘CLXL745’ …

Use Of Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides In Inzen Grain Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench Ssp. Bicolor), Hunter Bowman

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Grain sorghum is typically grown as a rotational crop in Arkansas because of its many benefits, one being the effective control of Palmer amaranth through the use of atrazine. However, limited options exist for postemergence (POST) control of weedy grasses within the crop. Inzen™ grain sorghum is the result of a nicosulfuron resistant weedy sorghum biotype cross-bred with a commercial line of grain sorghum. Inzen™ allows for safe use of over-the-top applications of nicosulfuron within the crop. Nicosulfuron is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, which has historically been used in corn for control of weedy grasses. Experiments were conducted in …

Skeleton Weed Program Review - A Review Undertaken For The Grains, Seeds And Hay Industry Funding Scheme Management Committee 2020, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

This review was undertaken in two stages. Stage 1 reviewed the Skeleton Weed Program and the global situation on skeleton weed. Stage 2 involved targeted stakeholder consultation to build on the information identified through Stage 1 and identify perceptions and attitudes amongst the Western Australian grain/seed/hay industry with regard to the Skeleton Weed Program (the program). The results of these two processes were used to formulate the key findings and recommendations by the Review Panel to assist the Grains, Seeds and Hay Industry Funding Scheme (IFS) Management Committee in its decision-making.

Early Postemergence And Sequential Herbicides For Weed Control In Corn, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In this study, herbicides were tested to compare sequential and split rates for weed control in corn. Control of green foxtail, Russian thistle, and quinoa was excellent regardless of herbicide treatment, and most herbicides provided good kochia and Palmer amaranth control. Minor corn injury occurred with some herbicides applied early postemergence or postemergence, but did not persist. All herbicide treatments increased grain yield 56 to 78% compared to the weedy control, but yields did not differ between herbicide treatments.

Residual Weed Control With Preemergence Herbicides In Grain Sorghum, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In this study, herbicides were tested to compare preemergence (PRE) application for weed control in grain herbicides. All herbicides controlled quinoa and crabgrass similarly, as well as Russian thistle late in the season. Halex GT at either rate with atrazine as well as Bicep Lite II Magnum controlled Palmer amaranth less than 90% late in the season. Similarly, these herbicides along with Degree Xtra provided less than 90% kochia control late. Grain yields did not differ between herbicide-treated and non-treated sorghum.

Single And Sequential Herbicide Treatments For Efficacy In Corn, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In this study, herbicides were tested to compare application of single and sequential treatments for weed control in corn. Quinoa and Russian thistle control was 95% or more regardless of herbicide treatment. Anthem Maxx, Resicore, and Corvus followed by Harness Max provided good control of Palmer amaranth. Acuron applied preemergence and Anthem Maxx plus Callisto and atrazine early postemergence were less effective on kochia than other herbicides, whereas Anthem Maxx plus Callisto and atrazine applied preemergence and Halex GT applied early postemergence were less effective on green foxtail. Grain yields from all herbicide-treated corn were substantially greater than for the …

Efficacy Of Kfd-365-02 Rates And Mixtures In Imidazolinone-Tolerant Grain Sorghum, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study compared various tank mixes of genericS-metolachlor/mesotrione and imazamox for weed control in imidazolinone-tolerant grain sorghum. All herbicides provided more than 90% control of Russian thistle, velvetleaf, and green foxtail, and kochia control late in the season was 85% or more. Puncturevine control late in the season was 80 to 90% with all herbicides except Coyote followed by KFD-365-02 and by KFD-365-02 at 6 oz/a plus atrazine followed by 2,4-D. Only Coyote followed by KFD-365-02 plus atrazine or 2,4-D controlled Palmer amaranth more than 78% late.

Comparison Of Terbuthylazine And Atrazine Preemergence In Grain Sorghum, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Terbuthylazine is an atrazine analog that is used in Europe as a replacement for atra­zine. This study compares terbuthylazine with common herbicide tank mixes for weed control in this region. All herbicides controlled quinoa and crabgrass 95% or more, whereas Bicep II Magnum controlled kochia, Palmer amaranth, and Russian thistle the best late in the season. No herbicide visibly injured grain sorghum in this experiment. Grain yields increased 18 to 32 bu/a when herbicides were applied compared to the nontreated controls except with atrazine at 24 oz/a.

Weed Management And Soybean Yields As Influenced By Row Width And Post-Emergent Herbicide Application Timing, S. R. Duncan, E. A. Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Irrigated soybeans were grown in 2018 and 2019 at the Kansas River Valley Experi­ment Field near Rossville, KS. Soybeans were planted in 30-inch or 15-inch rows and a standard pre-emergent herbicide was applied. Planting dates were May 11 and June 4 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The post-emergent herbicide was applied at approxi­mately 21 or 35 days following soybean planting (DAP). Weed control and crop injury were visually evaluated approximately every seven days following herbicide application. Yields, moisture, and test weights were calculated from the center two rows in 30-inch plots and four rows in 15-inch plots after combine harvest. …

Efficacy Of Late-Season Herbicide Programs For Controlling Palmer Amaranth In Postharvest Wheat Stubble, R. Liu, V. Kumar, N. Aquilina, T. Lambert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Late-season control of Palmer amaranth in wheat stubble is a challenge for Kansas producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of POST herbicide programs (with multiple modes of actions) for late-season control of Palmer amaranth in postharvest wheat stubble. The study was conducted at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center in Hays, KS, in 2019. The study site had a natural seedbank of Palmer amaranth that emerged immediately after wheat harvest. All selected herbicide programs were tested 3 weeks after wheat harvest, when Palmer amaranth plants had attained a height of 2 to 2.5 feet …

Control Of Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth In Enlist Corn, R. Liu, V. Kumar, T. Lambert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recent evolution of multiple herbicide resistant (MHR) Palmer amaranth [resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate (Roundup), chlorsulfuron (Glean), atrazine (Aatrex), and mesotrione (Callisto)] is a serious threat to newly developed stacked trait technologies, including Enlist crops (tolerant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate). Field experiments were conducted in 2019 at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, to determine the effectiveness of various preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) postemergence (POST) herbicides (multiple modes of action) for controlling this MHR Palmer amaranth in Enlist corn. The study was established in no-till dryland wheat stubble where MHR Palmer amaranth seeds …

Response Of Kansas Feral Rye Populations To Aggressor Herbicide And Management In Coaxium Wheat Production System, V. Kumar, R. Liu, T. Lambert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feral rye (Secale cerealeL.), also commonly known as cereal or volunteer rye, is a trou­blesome winter annual grass weed species in wheat producing regions of the United States, including Kansas. Lack of effective herbicide options complicates the selective control of feral rye in winter wheat. The main objectives of this research were (1) to determine the response of 10 feral rye populations collected from central Kansas wheat fields to Aggressor herbicide in dose-response assays, and (2) to evaluate the effective­ness of Aggressor herbicide for feral rye control in CoAXium winter wheat in Kansas. Dose-response assays indicated that all …

Response Of Dicamba/Fluroxypyr/Glyphosate-Resistant Kochia To Atrazine And Alternative Postemergence Herbicides, R. Liu, V. Kumar, R. Currie, P. W. Geier, T. Lambert, P. W. Stahlman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two kochia accessions (KS-4A and KS-4H) were previously identified from a corn field near Garden City, KS, with multiple resistance to glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax), dicamba (Clarity), and fluroxypyr (Starane Ultra). The objectives of this research were to (1) determine the response of these kochia accessions to preemer­gence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) applied atrazine (Aatrex) in dose-response assays, and (2) determine the effectiveness of alternative POST herbicides. Seeds of a known susceptible kochia accession (SUS) collected from research fields in Hays, KS, were used for comparison. Greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, …

Vida Tank Mixtures For Postemergence Weed Control In Fallow, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of the study was to compare Vida (pyraflufen ethyl) with various tank mix partners for weed control in fallow. All herbicides controlled flixweed and tansymustard 96% or more by 16 days after treatment. Treatments containing Spartan provided faster and better kochia control compared to other herbicides, and these treatments were the only ones to control kochia 95% or more late in the season.