Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Undersowing Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var Rubra) For Seed Production In Winter And Spring Wheat Cover Crops, T S. Aamlid

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Sowing red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) seed crops in autumn without cover crop or in winter wheat sown at two sowing rates (100 vs. 200 kg ha-1) and two row spacings (13 vs. 26 cm) was compared to spring establishment without cover crop or in spring wheat at the same sowing rates and row spacings. Yields of winter and spring wheat averaged 5190 and 4106 kg ha-1, respectively. First years’ seed yields of red fescue were, on average, 7% higher after spring- than after autumn sowing; with cover crop this can be explained by the taller plants of winter …

The Effect Of Forages On Soil Structure In New Zealand Mixed Cropping Rotations, G S. Francis, F J. Tabley, K M. Bartley

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The objective of this experiment was to determine the rate and extent of changes in soil structural conditions under a range of forage plants and management practices. During the first experimental phase (years 1-6), the rate of soil structural improvement was slow even in the most effective treatment, with the greatest changes apparent in the surface soil (0-10 cm). Plants that produced the greatest aboveground dry matter and root mass were the most effective at improving soil structure, especially when annual tillage was avoided. In the second phase of the experiment (year 7), a spring wheat test crop was grown …

Small Grains In Cropping Systems To The Brazilian Southern Regions, R S. Fontanelo, L De J.A Del Duca, R S. Fontaneli

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Winter cereals genotypes (oats, wheat, rye, barley, and triticale) were evaluated for forage and grain yield at the experimental area of the Wheat National Research Center (EMBRAPA/CNPT) and Agronomy College of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF/FA), in Passo Fundo, RS state, southern Brazil, during the years 1992-94. Three cutting frequencies were applied: no cutting, one and two cuttings. A completely random block design with split-plots and three replicates was used. The crops were established under conventional tillage. The fertilization was 200- 300 kg/ha 5-25-25 , plus 22.5-30.0 kg/ha of N (urea) during tiller period (before 45 days after planting …

Liming Of Acid Soils. I. Influence On Wheat Yield And Availability Of Soil Nutrients, C D. Tsadilas, V Samaras, J Varvarousis, N Maslaris

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

With a two year field experiment the influence of liming of strongly acid soils on wheat yield and on the availability of soil nutrients were studied. The results showed that liming increased soil pH and decreased exchangeable Al and available Fe and Zn. Wheat uptake of Mn was decreased, while P and Cu uptake were increased. Wheat biomass (hay plus seed) production and grain yield were also significantly increased.

Arkansas Wheat Performance Tests 2022-2023, J. F. Carlin, R. B. Mulloy, R. D. Bond

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat variety performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program.

The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for small-grain producers. The tests were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser, the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station near Marianna, the Pine Tree Research Station near Colt, and the Rohwer Research Station near Rohwer. Specific location and cultural practice information accompany each …

Simulation Of Pasture Phase Options For Mixed Livestock And Cropping Enterprises, L. Salmon, A. D. Moore, J. F. Angus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In southern Australia, 50% of grain-producing farms also run beef and/or sheep enterprises. Legume pasture leys are used to replace soil nitrogen and manage crop disease risks. Deep-rooted perennials, predominantly lucerne (Medicago sativa), are replacing annual Trifolium subterraneum-based leys to increase pasture production. They also have the environmental benefits of limiting soil acidity, rising water tables and dryland salinity. After recent droughts depletion of soil water by lucerne has penalised wheat yields. Decision support tools can help farmers evaluate the long-term effects of grazed annual and perennial leys on animal and crop production at the whole farm …

Simulation Of Pasture Phase Options For Mixed Livestock And Cropping Enterprises, L. Salmon, A. D. Moore, J. F. Angus

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In southern Australia, 50% of grain-producing farms also run beef and/or sheep enterprises. Legume pasture leys are used to replace soil nitrogen and manage crop disease risks. Deep-rooted perennials, predominantly lucerne (Medicago sativa), are replacing annual Trifolium subterraneum-based leys to increase pasture production. They also have the environmental benefits of limiting soil acidity, rising water tables and dryland salinity. After recent droughts depletion of soil water by lucerne has penalised wheat yields. Decision support tools can help farmers evaluate the long-term effects of grazed annual and perennial leys on animal and crop production at the whole farm …

Use Of Silage Additives In Ensiling Of Whole-Crop Barley And Wheat - A Comparison Of Round Big Bales And Precision Chopped Silages, M. Knický, P. Lingvall

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

An increasing use of whole-crop cereals, as supplementary feed, has increased interest in development of efficient ways of preserving these forages to achieve a high hygienic quality. It is known that ensiling of whole-cereals often results in silages with high concentrations of butyric acid (Weissbach & Haacker, 1988). Furthermore, problems with poor aerobic stability still persist despite the use of lactic acid bacteria (Filya et al., 2000). Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of different types of additive mixtures on the fermentation process and aerobic stability of precision chopped and baled silages.

Nutritive Value For Finishing Beef Steers Of Wheat Grain Conserved By Different Techniques, P. Stacey, P. O'Kiely, A. P. Moloney, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Wheat grain harvested at dry matter (DM) concentrations above 860 g/kg is slow to deteriorate during long-term storage. However, high moisture grain (HMG) ranging from below 600 to 750 g DM/kg is conserved on some farms in the form of anaerobic storage of acid-treated, rolled wheat (AR) and urea-treated whole-wheat (UN) (Stacey et al., 2003). This experiment quantified the nutritive value for beef cattle of standard wheat grain (propionic acid-treated and rolled:PR) compared to AR and UN at different levels of intake.

An Evaluation Of Grain Processing And Storage Method, And Feed Level On The Performance And Meat Quality Of Beef Cattle Offered Two Contrasting Grass Silages, T. W. J. Keady, F. O. Lively, D. J. Kilpatrick

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Traditionally cereals have been dried or treated with propionic acid and processed prior to feeding to finishing beef cattle. Recently new techniques have been developed for storing and feeding grain to beef cattle. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of grain storage and processing method, and grain feed level on performance and meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting feed value grass silages.

Does Winter Wheat Yield Response To Fungicide Application Depend On Nitrogen Management?, J. A. Romero Soler, L. O. Pradella, N. Giordano, G. Cruppe, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nitrogen and fungicide are among the more important management tools to increase wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) grain yield in Kansas. However, there is limited information on whether hard red winter wheat grain yield is impacted by the interaction of nitrogen rates and foliar fungicide application. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of different N rates with or without a fungicide application at Feekes 10.5 on grain yield of two winter wheat genotypes with contrasting disease resistances to leaf and stripe rust. Eleven field experiments were established across Kansas using a factorial structure of two fungicide management options …

Arkansas Wheat Performance Tests 2021-2022, J. F. Carlin, R. B. Morgan, R. D. Bond, D. E. Moon

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat variety performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for small-grain producers. The tests are conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser, the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station near Marianna, the Pine Tree Research Station near Colt, and the Rohwer Research Station near Rohwer. Specific location …

Comparison Of Sensitivity To Fusarium Head Blight In Soft Red And Hard Red Winter Wheat Varieties, G. Sassenrath, K. Andersen Onofre, J. Lingenfelser, X. Lin

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fusarium head blight (scab) is a problem for wheat production in high rainfall areas. This is a report of research examining the response of wheat varieties on disease susceptibility and wheat yield and quality. Hard red wheat varieties had more disease than the soft red wheat varieties in 2021. Wheat yield was correlated with disease severity.

Effect Of Essential Oils In The Control Of Fungal Diseases In Small Grains, Esneider Mahecha Bojaca

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) are important crops due to their high consumption in our daily diet worldwide. They are the main food of consumption per capita due to the high amino-acid content as well of vitamins. However, grain production is limited due to the negative impact of the diseases that cause significant yield loss. Diseases in oats, such as crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), and in wheat such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum. Foliar diseases such as tan spot incited by the fungi …

Efficacy Of Nanomaterials And Biorationals On The Bacterial Leaf Streak Management In Wheat, Abraham Hangamaisho

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the United States. Most wheat varieties are susceptible to bacterial leaf streak (BLS), a major disease caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtpvu). BLS is challenging to manage since common chemicals do not provide adequate control. Nanomaterials and plant extracts have shown potential to provide a sustainable environmentally friendly control of animal and plant diseases. However, limited data are available on the efficacy of plant extracts and nanomaterials controlling BLS in wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and …

High Plains Wheat Mosaic Virus: An Enigmatic Disease Of Wheat And Corn Causing The High Plains Disease, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Gary Hein

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Brief history: In 1993, severe mosaic and necrosis symptoms were observed on corn (maize) and wheat from several Great Plains states of the USA. Based on the geographical location of infections, the disease was named High Plains disease and the causal agent was tentatively named High Plains virus. Subsequently, researchers renamed this virus as maize red stripe virus and wheat mosaic virus to represent the host and symptom phenotype of the virus. After sequencing the genome of the pathogen, the causal agent of High Plains disease was officially named as High Plains wheat mosaic virus. Hence, High Plains virus, …

Winter Wheat Response To Different Fungicide Management (Products And Timing Of Application) During The 2019-2020 Growing Season, G. Cruppe, B. R. Jaenisch, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Foliar fungicides can improve wheat grain yield in Kansas, but there is limited information on the efficacy of different products as well as the timing of application. We conducted a field study in five Kansas locations to evaluate the yield, test weight, and protein responses of WB-Grainfield to different commercial fungicides applied at different times during the growing season. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design to evaluate (1) a non-treated control; Topguard applied at 5 ounces per acre at (2) jointing, (3) heading, and (4) jointing plus heading; (5) Delaro applied at 6 oz/a at jointing; …

Winter Wheat Variety Response To Flag Leaf Foliar Fungicide Application In 2019–2020, G. Cruppe, B. R. Jaenisch, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Foliar fungicide can be an important tool in improving wheat yields, but its effectiveness is season- and variety-dependent. To evaluate the yield, test weight, and protein responses of different commercial winter wheat varieties to one foliar fungicide application around heading, we conducted a trial combining four winter wheat varieties and two fungicide management treatments in Manhattan during 2019–2020. The control treatment consisted of no fungicide application, and the alternative treatment consisted of 5 oz/a Absolute Maxx + NIS applied at heading. Varieties evaluated were Bob Dole, Larry, WB4269, and Zenda. The study was conducted under no-tillage practices following a previous …

Winter Wheat Variety Response To Timing And Number Of Fungicide Applications During The 2019–2020 Growing Season In Kansas, G. Cruppe, B. R. Jaenisch, B. Valent, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this project was to evaluate the yield response of different winter wheat varieties to different fungicide management treatments during the 2019–2020 growing season in Kansas. Fourteen varieties were evaluated under four fungicide treatments (no fungicide, application either at jointing, heading, or at both stages) in five locations across Kansas in a split-plot design. Disease incidence was assessed approximately 20-d after each fungicide application. Septoria blotch and tan spot were the most prevalent early-season diseases at the studied fields, while stripe rust, leaf rust, and tan spot prevailed late in the season. Late-season diseases had a greater effect …

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2018-2019, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, D. E. Moon, J. P. Kelley

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Ark- ansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture’s Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers. The tests are conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser, the Vegetable Substation near Kibler, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station near Marianna, the Newport Extension Center near Newport, the Rohwer Research Station near Rohwer, the Pine Tree …

Efficacy Of Synthetic And Biopesticides On Bacteria Leaf Streak Management And Influence Of Cultivar And Environment On Epiphytic Bacteria Diversity On Wheat Seeds, Marilen Nampijja

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important staple food for over two billion people, or 36% of the world population. The United States ranks 4th in the world for wheat production. However, wheat production is faced by both biological and non-biological constraints. Among the biological constraints, diseases play a big role in limiting wheat production with estimated yield losses ranging from 20% to 40%. Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv undulosa (Xtpvu) is one of the major bacterial diseases affecting the wheat production in most wheat growing regions in the USA. In recent years, it …

Modeling Wheat Susceptibility To Disease, H. Zhao, G. F. Sassenrath, X. Lin, R. Lollato, E. D. De Wolf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) or head scab is a disease caused by the soil-borneFusariumfungus. The disease occurs frequently in southeast Kansas and can result in reduc­tions in wheat yield and quality because of the mycotoxins developed by the fungus. Timely application of fungicides during the heading period of wheat is one option to reduce the fungus and control the infection rate. This study reports our research on use of fungicides to control head scab and improve wheat yield. We developed a model to predict wheat heading date. Accurate knowledge of wheat stage is the first step in developing …

Efficacy Of Seed Treatments, Microbial And Biochemical Pesticides For Managing Early Tan Spot And Stripe Rust Diseases Of Wheat, Collins Bugingo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wheat is a major cereal crop in the U.S.A and in the world. However, its production is hampered by a number of factors both biotic and abiotic. Foliar diseases like tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, are economically important diseases causing over 5-55 % yield loss. To assess the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments in the management of early tan spot, two hard red spring wheat cultivars “Select” and “Brick” were treated with seedapplied commercially available combo fungicides metalaxyl + pyraclostrobin + triticonazole and difenoconazole + mefenoxam + sedaxane …

Value Of Fungicide Application In Wheat Production In Southwest Kansas, A. J. Foster, R. Lollato, M. Vandeveer, E. D. De Wolf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During the past several years, applying fungicide to wheat has become a more common practice. The availability of cost-effective generic fungicides, as well as the positive yield responses often reported, seem to be the potential drivers for the adoption of such practices by producers. We conducted a wheat fungicide trial in Garden City, KS, to answer the following questions: 1) Do fungicide applications pay? And 2) Can remote sensing technology be used to quantify the efficacy of different fungicide products? The study consisted of two wheat varieties sown on September 29, 2015 (Oakley CL, highly resistant to stripe rust; and …

Wheat Variety Response To Seed Cleaning Method And Pesticide Seed Treatment Following A Growing Season With Severe Infestation Of Fusarium Head Blight, R. Lollato, R. Maeoka, B. R. Jaenisch, A. De Oliveira Silva

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fusarium head blight (scab) is a common concern in eastern and central Kansas. Wheat seed quality might be compromised following a growing season with severe infestation of scab. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of variety, seed cleaning method, and seed treatment, on wheat stand establishment and yield following a growing season where scab was severe. A trial was established during the 2015-16 growing season using seed harvested from the 2014-15 growing season, which was characterized by severe infestation of scab. Three commonly grown wheat varieties with differing levels of scab resistance (Everest, SY Wolf, and WB Grainfield) were …

Wheat Production, Gretchen Sassenrath, D. E. Shoup, R. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wheat production in southeast Kansas is often limited due to high rainfall during the harvest. In some years, this high rainfall can exacerbate disease pressure, especially fungal infections. This study presents results from a test of fungicide applications to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab in poor quality wheat.

Characterization Of Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis In Wheat And Rye To Study Tan Spot Susceptibility And Insights Into Its Relationship With Stem Rust Resistance, Sidrat Abdullah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tan spot, caused by the ascomycete fungus, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is a major foliar fungal disease of wheat worldwide. To date, Ptr isolates have been grouped into eight races based on the production of three host selective effectors (toxins), Ptr ToxA, ToxB, and ToxC, which are associated with necrosis and chlorosis symptoms on wheat differential lines. In order to see the correlation between stem rust resistance and tan spot susceptibility in 1970’s, to know the pathogen virulence profile, and explore the sources of tan spot resistance, we recovered isolates from wheat and rye and evaluated wheat and rye lines with …

Population Dynamics Of Triticum Mosaic Virus In Various Host Species, Melissa S. Bartels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

It has been established that RNA viruses should be genetically diverse, due to the high error rate of their RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and the lack of proof-reading capabilities. Plant RNA viruses are not as genetically diverse as expected. Evolutionary factors, such as purifying selection and bottlenecks that favor genetic stability, might be affecting plant viral populations. Otherwise RNA virus populations, with their potential for extreme diversity, might acquire a lethal number of mutations leading to the collapse of the population.

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) populations maintained in a controlled greenhouse environment displayed genetic stability. The mutation frequency per nucleotide of …

Effects Of Wheat Grain Moisture: Quality, Germination, And Relationship To Accumulated Growing Degree Days, Kirsten Thomas

Open Access Theses

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal crop of global importance. As global demand increases, it is essential to increase the quality and efficiency of crop production. Harvesting wheat early provides an opportunity for increased grain quality, and it may also allow the grower to double-crop soybean ( Glycine max L.) after wheat more effectively. Our objectives were to determine if harvesting grain early, at high moisture would, 1) increase milling and baking quality and 2) improve germination potential. As a result of these objectives, we will develop a model to predict dry-down of wheat. Five soft red …

Fusarium Head Blight: Winter Wheat Cultivar Responses And Characterization Of Pathogen Isolates, John Fredy Hernandez Nopsa

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). FHB reduces yield and grain quality and causes accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain. Cultivar resistance is one of the most effective management strategies for FHB. Experiments were conducted to 1) identify winter wheat cultivars with resistance to FHB and DON accumulation, 2) determine the effect of winter wheat cultivar on the relationship between FHB and DON concentration, and 3) identify the major species of Fusarium causing FHB in Nebraska and characterize its isolates. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected among cultivars in FHB …