Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Water Management And Ratoon Rice Cropping On Methane Emissions And Harvest Yield In Arkansas, Marguerita Leavitt

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sustainable intensification of rice farming is crucial to meeting human food needs while reducing environmental impacts. Rice produces 8% of all anthropogenic CH4, which is a potent greenhouse gas. CH4 emissions can potentially be reduced by cultivation practices that minimize the number of days the fields are saturated, such as dry-seeding instead of water-seeding and irrigation using the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) technique instead of delayed, continuous flooding (DF). Ratoon cropping, wherein a second crop of rice is grown from the harvested stubble of the first crop, can be used to produce additional yield with minimal labor, but may …

Nutrient Uptake And Management Strategies In Recirculating Hydroponic Systems, Lauren Leigh Houston

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Nutrient management in recirculating hydroponic systems requires the periodic replenishment of water and nutrients to the nutrient solution reservoir. Common nutrient management strategies, such as replenishing the reservoir with fresh solution and maintaining a constant solution electrical conductivity (EC), can lead to ion accumulation and nutrient imbalances since nutrients are taken up by roots and depleted from solution at different rates. To avoid nutritional disorders, commercial growers typically dump and replace the hydroponic solution periodically, which is wasteful and has an economic cost. A potential alternative is to specially formulate the nutrient replenishment solution to balance the supply of nutrients …

Projected Surface Water For Fruit And Vegetable Irrigation Under A Changing Climate In The Us, Marty Matlock, Greg Thoma, Kieu Ngoc Le, Eric Cummings, Zach Morgan, Andrew Shaw

Water Systems

Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, resulting in climate impacts, are raising concerns over the hydrologic cycle and its effects upon agricultural productivity. If rainfall patterns change, meeting an increased demand for fruits and vegetables will pose a challenge for domestic production regions in the United States (U.S.). Information on potential water supply scarcity in the current production regions provides decision makers with critical information for risk mitigation for future production. We used a hydrologic balance-based model of historic and future water availability to evaluate risk of available irrigation water to support major fruit and vegetable production the US. …

Irrigation Practice Adoption: Causes And Consequences In The Arkansas Delta, Kerr James Adams

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Concerns about groundwater depletion from conventional irrigation agriculture in the Arkansas Delta region have led to the promotion of more efficient irrigation practices. With Arkansas being the largest producer of rice, the 10th largest producer of soybeans and the 16th largest producer of corn in the United States, the irrigation demand of these crops has put pressure on producers to find ways to irrigate more efficiently. Not only are the alternative technologies supposed to reduce water use, it is also believed that their adoption can also yield economic benefits for the producer. Despite these assumed benefits, adoption of alternative technologies …

Reducing Water Extractable Phosphorus In Poultry Litter Using Chitosan Treatment, Zachary Simpson, Brina Smith, David A. Zaharoff, Brian E. Haggard

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Phosphorus (P) is an important factor in the eutrophication of freshwater, and watershed sources include effluent discharges and the landscape. Poultry litter applied to the landscape can be a potential source of P, which is dependent on rainfall, runoff and dissolution. Chitosan, the deacetylated form of the biopolymer chitin, has been shown to have an effect on reducing water extractable phosphorus (WEP) in poultry litter when applied as a powder. The intent of this study was to measure the effect that poultry litter treatment (PLT), acetic acid and incubation time have on chitosan’s ability to reduce WEP in poultry litter. …

Short-Term Denitrification In The Metalimnion Of A Eutrophic Reservoir, Aki Kogo, Erin M. Grantz, Thad Scott

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Denitrification in metalimnetic water was examined under different conditions to determine how addition of nitrate (NO3 -) and particulate carbon (PC), aeration, and concentrations of nitrate affect denitrification. In the first experiment, water samples from a metalimnion were treated with different combinations of NO3 - and PC. Changes in excess N2 -N concentration for 10 days were measured using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). The second experiment used the same treatments as the first experiment after aeration of water. Besides excess N2 -N concentrations, O2 concentrations were measured for 16 days. The third experiment examined how different initial concentrations of …

Sediment Loading And Water Quality Of Field Run-Off Water, J. S. Mcconnell, J. D. Mattice, B. W. Skulman, C. K. Bryant, M. Mozaffari

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Intensive tillage is commonly employed in many agronomic production systems in the United States. Tillage operations may include disking the field, re-smoothing the soil, seedbed formation, reducing the seedbeds, and shallow cultivation for weed control. Tillage practices in conjunction with rainfall have been linked to soil erosion, which may adversely affect the environment. The soil erosion dynamics of two large-scale production cotton fields that utilized both modern-conventional and conservation-tillage technology were examined. Studies were conducted in the cotton-producing region of southeast Arkansas in the Bayou Bartholomew watershed. Bayou Bartholomew is currently listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as …

Agricultural Water Management In The Missippi Delta Region Of Arkansas, H. Don Scott, James A. Ferguson, Linda Hanson, Todd Fugitt, Earl Smith

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agriculture is the largest use of soil and water resources in eastern Arkansas. This bulletin summarized the recent historical use of soil and water by agriculture and the impact of irrigation on yields of rice, soybeans and cotton. The experiments conducted in the field to quantitatively schedule irrigations of crops are summarized. The results show the close relationship between the irrigation of crops and the extraction of water from the Alluvial Aquifer. The implications of this relationaship for the future are discussed.

Performance Of Annual Legumes And Their Mixes Under Different Crop:Pasture Rotation., P. Evans

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 86KA64, 86KA65 and 86KA66

Performance of annual legumes and their mixtures under different crop:pasture rotations.

Seed reserves, especially in the 1:1 rotation treatment, are on average below 100 kg/ha and in many cases below 50 kg/ha for all three soil types. Because of this the 1991 season will be used to fertilize, control weeds, and apply a grazing management system to favour legume production and seed set. No crop will be sown in 1991.

Sub clover flowering, sequential sowings.

Location: Katanning

To provide seven different temperature and photoperiod regimes, eight cultivars of sub clover ranging in maturity from Nungarin …

Evaluation And Development Of Pasture Species For Deep Sandy Soils In Low To Medium Rainfall Areas., B. J. Nutt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90EC1

Effect of species and maturity on dry matter production and water use of annual medic on deep sandplain soil.

Location: East Chapman.

All medic cultivars were preferentially grazed compared to Paros serradella which did not allow a proper comparison between the two species in the grazed treatment. 2. Poor nodulation in Harbinger due to incompatability with the current Group A inoculant (R. meliloti strain WSM 540) resulted in poor-growth-and-low-seed-yield. - 3. Water use was directly related to maturity or time taken to flower ; total water extraction (mm) = 1.48 * days to flower - 41.1 R2 = …

Economics Of Summer Weed Control., T. Piper

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Aims: To test various chemical options for summer weed control; measuring their efficacy, the amount of soil moisture conserved, and follow-up crop yield. A full season cost-benefit could then be produced. Summer rains were widespread in 1990, and summer weed sites were plentiful.

Trial 90A3

Location: Avondale.

This site had adequate moisture for most of the summer. Weeds were growing well when sprayed, and were readily controlled. (df. Wongan Hills). 2,4-D/diuron gave excellent control at the time of spraying but follow-up germinations marred the result.

Trial 90M6

Location: Merredin.

All treatments have failed at this site. Large doublegee and melons …

Cranola Rapseed Variety Assessment. Cranola Agronomy. Linseed. Tillage., J. D. Warren

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90AB15. 90N68, 90EB39

Canola : assessment of early maturing Stage 2 lines.

Location: Katanning, Newdegate Research Station, East Beverley Annex

Production of Canola in medium rainfall zones offers the opportunity for a rapid expansion of the industry. However presently recommended varieties take too long to mature for the area's shorter growing season. The Stage 2 trials assess Canola lines selected on the basis of earliness from the remnants of Dr Roy's now defunct rapeseed breeding programme as well as selections from Eastern States breeding programmes. The trials arc conducted at three sites to account for environmental effects on cultivar …

Phosphorus And Sulphur Nutrition Of Pastures In High Rainfall Areas., M. D. Bolland, M. F. Clarke

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

J.S.Yeates and M.F.Clarke started these experiments. In January 1990 M.D.A. Bolland replaced J.S. Yeates (who became Regional Manager of the Northern Agricultural Region) as the Research Officer responsible for the management of the long-term experiments, and to continue the research on the topic.

In the experiments the fertilizers wee applied in autumn (March-April) in the years listed in the tables.

Trial 80AL4

Location: Cuthbert.

A new experiment was started in 1989 to compare two partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) fertilizers with ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP).

Trial 84AL32

Location: Denmark

The fertilizers compared are ordinary (single) superphosphate (OSP). New (pre 1990) …

Stunt Patch Disorder Of Lupins., Miles Dracup

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89ME1 and 90ME5

Stunt patch disorder of lupins.

Location: Merredin.

Studies on the disorder have been initiated (89ME1 and 90ME5) on two sites 15 km south of Merredin. This report will summarize data on:

1) The soil;

2) Soil strength and lupin emergence on 90ME5; and

3) Soil chemical and physical characteristics associated with the patches on 89ME1 (investigations by A. Thomson for B Sc (Agric) dissertation).

Trial 90PE56

Understanding the importance of moisture and temperature in the seedbed on establishment of lupin.

However, despite their importance in determining the success of establishment, there have been few attempts to …

Leaf Diseases Of Wheat, R. Loughman, Geoff Thomas, J. A. Bathgate, W. R. Smith

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90PE10

Strategic variety mixtures to reduce septoria diseases of wheat. Evaluation of wheat lines for suitability to mixing for septoria control.

Location: Mt. Barker Research Station

To determine components of partial resistance to both Septoria species to ensure that lines with components that are complimentary are chosen for evaluation as mixtures for Septoria control.

Trial 90MT12 and 90ME10

Assessing effects of a paired variety mixture to reduce Septoria.

Location: Borden and Mt Barker Research Station.

To assess the effects of a variety mixture on Septoria diseases.

Trial 90MT11 and 90JE9

Evaluating variety mixtures to reduce septoria, using a range …

Demonstration Of Pasture Cultivars On Various Soil Types In The Geraldton Distict., Brad Nutt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90GE13

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on a Chapman Valley red/brown sandy loam.

Location: Northern Gulley,

SOIL TYPE: Red/brown sandy loam pH 5 . 4 (water)

Trial 90GE14

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on a gravelly grey sand at Allanooka.

Location: Allanooka.

SOIL TYPE: Gravelly grey sand, pH 5.8 (water)

Trial 90GE15

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on an Eradu sandplain soil.

Location: Ogilivie.

SOIL TYPE: Deep yellow loamy sand, pH 6.0 (water)

Trial 90GE16

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on a low rainfall maasive red earth at Mullewa.

Location: Mullewa.

SOIL TYPE: Red sandy clay loam pH 6.2 (water)

Evaluation Of Trifolium Pasture Species On A Summer Moist Joel Sub Soil North West Of Harvey., R. Snowball

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90HA2

Introduce a range of long season annual pasture species and 1 perennial species in order to utilize summer sub soil moisture more effectively than the existing subterranean clover pastures.

Development And Management Of Cattle Pastures In The High Rainfall Zone., Tony Albertsen

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87V8

Development and management of cattle pastures in the high rainfall zone.

To compare the effect of pasture species, pasture management and grazing management on pasture quantity, quality and cattle production.

Phalaris evaluation

In 1989 ninety three lines of Phalaris agrundinacea backcross with P. aquatica, bred by Dr. R.N. Oram (CSIRO Canberra) were drilled sown into unreplicated 10m single row plots at Vasse Research Station. In addition 7 controls (with two replications) were planted. Similar trials were planted by Mr. L. Cransberg (Albany) and Dr. R.N. Oram (Bendigo).

Evaluation of annual and short term rotation ryegrass.

The increasing range …

Effect Of Pasture Species On Pasture Production And Following Cereal Yields On Heavy Textured Soils In Low Rainfall Areas. Regeneration Of Pasture Legume Cultivars On Low Rainfall Red Loam Soils., Bradley Nutt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90GE17

Aphid tolerance evaluation in annual medics

Location: Tenindewa

Maturity and seed yields of annual medic lines with or with out aphid control using Pirmor.

Trial 90GE116

Evaluation of aphid tolerance in annual medics

Location: Tenindewa

Dry matter and seed yield of annual medic lines with and without aphid control using Pirmor.

Trial 90GE34

Effect of pasture species on pasture production and cereal yields on low rainfall red loams.

Location: North Mullewa Research Station, Morawa Agricultural School.

Regeneration of annual pasture cultivars on hardsetting red clay loams at North Mullewa and Morawa in 1989 and 1990.

Trial 88TS63

Effect …

Long Term Minimum Tillage Investigations., R. J. Jarvis

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 77M13

Location: Merredin

This site was in wheat in 1975 and 1976 before the treatments commenced on continuous wheat in 1977.

77M56

Location: Merredin

Sited alongside 77M13 with the same paddock history. Commenced the wheat/pasture rotation after wheat in 1975 and 1976.

Trial 86M79

Chemical and cultivated fallow in a pasture/wheat rotation on heavy land.

Location: Merredin.

At Merredin on salmon gum/gimlet soil. Pasture treatments and soil moisture measurements were conducted in 1990. Wheat 1991.

Trial 87NA80, 81, 82, 83

Direct drilling with modified combines compared with cultivation for pasture/wheat rotations with grass control treatments in the pasture year. …

Long-Term Rotation Trials., I. Rowland, W. Hawkins

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 66M29

Location: Merredin Research Station.

An old land site, cleared in 1909. First sown to Cyprus Barrel medic in 1955, grazed and topdressed. Cropped, 1962 and 1964. Medic resown in 1965.

Trial 67C13

Location: Chapman Research Station

An old land site, cleared in 1903. Sown to Dwalganup sub clover in 1964, topdressed each year until the start of the trial in 1967. In 1981 to 83 all plots were reseeded with Northam at 20 kg/ha. In 1988 rotations were altered to allow inclusion of grain lupins, the following changes were made:

1. The 4 plots of 2 crop :2 …

Evaluation Of Annual And Short Term Rotation Ryegrasses., Tony Albertsen

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The increasing range of annual and short term rotation ryegrasses have been evaluated in the high rainfall regions of the South West since 1986. To date promising later maturing cultivars such as Concord (in particular), Progrow, Aristocrat have consistently outyielded the standard early maturing cultivar Wimmera during the early winter period and in spring. These later maturing varieties have the potential to more fully utilise the whole of the growing season and to be conserved as hay during drier spring weather, whilst still retaining digestibility, protein and metabolisable energy. Viable seed production for self regeneration from later cut hay pastures …

Understanding Crop Growth On Duplex Soils., R. Belford, Miles Dracup, D. Tennant

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 88EB18

Location: East Beverley Research Station

Impeded early root growth.

Using aerial photography and crop growth data from previous seasons we identified areas on the site where crops grow well or poorly. One of the factors implicated in the poor growth areas is impeded early root growth (see Belford et al. and Tennant et at., 1990 Experimental Summaries, this section). Here we describe the problem and outline possible causes.

Trial 88EB18

Growth and yield of wheat and lupin crops at East Beverley.

Location: East Beverley Research Station.

To measure the growth and yield of wheat and lupin crops in …

Virus Diseases Of Annual Medics., R. A. Jones, D. A. Nicholas, A. R. Baker, Simon Mckirdy, P. W. Skinner, C. Poole

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87A19, 87MT50

Persistence of AMV in annual medic swards.

In 1990, the fourth year of this trial, although the medic plants were numerous the burr medic swards at Avondale grew poorly and weeds were widespread in the plots, especially long storkbill, flatweed and grasses. Poor growth was due to nodulation failure caused by low soil pH (5.3 in water). Hardly any medic plants were left in the Zodiac medic plot at Avondale while a few remained at Mt. Barker.

Location: Avondale and Mt. Barker.

Trial 88A21

Effect of AMV on the productivity of burr medic swards after cropping, regeneration …

Crop Tolerance To Herbicides., D. Bowran

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Tolerance of New Cereal Varieties to Current Herbicides EX 5506 Trial Nos: 90AL41, 90EC36, 90EB45, 90KA130, 90M85, 90NA100

2. Tolerance of Current Cereal Varieties to New Herbicides EX 5506 Trial Nos: 90M86, 90EC35, 90N74

3. Metribuzin Tolerance of Cereal Varieties EX 5507 Trial Nos: 90EC37

4. Lupin Tolerance to Herbicides EX 5508 Trial Nos: 90EC34, 90EB44

5. Pea Tolerance to Herbicides EX 5509 Trial Nos: 90KA131, 89KA64

6. Pasture Legume Tolerance to Herbicides EX 64522 Trial Nos: 90KA132,

Use Of Soil Water Measurements To Assist Crop Management In Low Rainfall Areas., S. Mckeague, M. Perry, D. Tennant

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90M9

Trial summary.

Location: Merredin Research Station.

90M9 was established as part of the long term monitoring system to obtain base information on water use from several different soils. A simple rotation experiment was established in T3 on the Merredin Research Station.

Trial 89ME32

Rowspacing summary.

Location: Merredin Research Station.

89ME32 was monitored as part of the long term monitoring system. Previous to 1990 two years of continued measurements had been done on the same soil type. Located on the CSIRO lease block above the Merredin Research Station on Crook's property.

Trial 87M71

Heavyload rowspacing summary.

Location: Merredin Research …

Evaluation Of Perennial And Long Season Annual Trifolium Species On A Summer Moist Site At Manjimup., R. Snowball

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90MC26

Compare existing lines of Strawberry clover with promising lines of long season annual clover species.

Time Of Sowing X Variety X Seeding Rate For Lupins On The South Coast., M. Seymour

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90E9

Lupin time of sowing x variety x seed rate.

Location: Esperance.

To evaluate the response of lupin varieties to a range of sowing dates and plant densities when grown in high rainfall/long growing season environments.

Agronomic Practices To Improve Or Maintain The Protein Content Of High Yielding, Long Season Wheats., Wayne Smith

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90SG8, 90SG9, 90ES9, 90ES11, 90MT8, 90KO2

Wheat variety * Time of sowing

Location: Salmon Gums Research Station, Mt. Ridley, East Gibson, Mt Barker Research Station, Kojaneerup Research Station

The aim is to define the optimum heading/flowering date on the South Coast. This trial also provides information on the performance of the varieties and new cross-breds at various sowing times.

Trial 90E10, 90ES12, 90ES13, 90ES14, 90ES15, 90ES16, 90SG10, 90SG11, 90MT10, 90KO3, 90KO4

Wheat protein on the South Coast

Location: Esperance Downs Research Station, Gibson, Neridup, Mt Ridley, Salmon Gums Research Station, Mt Barker Research Station, Kojaneerup Research Station

The Australian …

Pod Setting Of Lupins On The South Coast., M. Seymour

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90ES7

Lupin pod setting study.

To investigate the effect of time of sowing on the flowering and pod set of lupins, when grown in high rainfall/long growing season environments.