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Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1985, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1985 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1985 crop season, nitrogen influence, spring wheat breeding, oats, barley and rye testing, corn breeding, flax regional trial potato variety trial, soybean row spacing, favabean and lupine row spacing, millet control in soybeans, herbicide demonstrations.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 4. December 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE OF MALE RUFFED GROUSE IN THE TURTLE MOUNTAINS, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ E. L. Bakke and J. W. Schulz

THE BIRDS OF KONZA PRAIRIE RESEARCH NATURAL AREA, KANSAS ▪ J. L. Zimmerman

VASCULAR FLORA OF RANSOM, RICHLAND, AND SARGENT COUNTIES, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ G. J. Seder and W. T. Barker

NORTH DAKOTA FLEAS. IX. SIPHONAPTERANS OF MAMMALS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ O. R. Larson, M. G. McKenna, and N. R. Fellows

NOTES

Breakup and Sibling Dispersal of Two …

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1985, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This twenty-fifth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock, and pest and weed control.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1985, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1985 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary for all the counties involved in research, small grain variety trials, oilseed crops, edible crops, forage crops, management, tillage and cultural practices, and numerous weed control research projects.

Eryngium Prostratum In Central Virginia, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

While visiting Pocahontas State Park in Chesterfield County, Virginia during the fall of 1984, an unfamiliar blue-flowered plant was observed growing near the upper reaches of Swift Creek Lake. This proved to be Eryngium prostratum Nuttall ex DC., a species common near bodies of water in the southeast U.S. While several standard floras include Virginia in the distribution of this plant (Fernald 1950, Gleason 1952, Gleason & Cronquist 1963, Radford et al 1968, Godfrey & Wooten 1981), the only counties for which it is recorded in Harvill et al (1981) are along the extreme southern border of the state, i.e., …

Population Dynamics Of Sugar Beets, Rhizoctonia Solani, And Laetisaria Arvalis: Responses Of A Host, Plant Pathogen, And Hyperparasite To Perturbation In The Field, Michael F. Allen, Michael G. Boosalis, Eric D. Kerr, Anne E. Muldoon, Harold J. Larsen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Rhizoctonia solani causes crown rot of sugar beets, a severe disease that has destroyed up to 60% of the plants in a test field in western Nebraska. Laetisaria arvalis, a natural hyperparasite of Rhizoctonia spp., was isolated from fields in western Nebraska. To test for the potential for biological control of R. solani, in November 1980 (following harvest) we applied various combinations of a nematicide (Telone II; Dow Chemical Co.), a nutrition source (sugar beet pulp), and an inoculum of L. arvalis in a randomized block design. Populations of R. solani, L. arvalis, and sugar beets were …

Anagallis Arvensis L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Ampelopsis Cordata Michx., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Row Widths For Full Season Soybeans In Kentucky, Todd W. Pfeiffer, Morris J. Bitzer, James H. Herbek, Jereme Orf, D. Pilcher, Charles Tutt, L. Zen

Agronomy Notes

Soybean yields in Kentucky have increased steadily in the past 20 years as a result of improved varieties and production practices. To achieve even higher yields new varieties and better production practices need to be developed and tested. One possibility for increasing soybean yields is to plant in narrow rows using varieties which respond to this practice. Although previous research in Kentucky has not shown a yield advantage for full season soybeans planted in narrow rows, researchers in other states have recently shown increases in yield with narrowing row widths. A number of new varieties have also been developed specifically …

Evaluation Of A Skip-Row Planting System Or Plant Run-Over As Management Practices On Full Season Soybeans In Narrow Rows, Todd W. Pfeiffer, Morris J. Bitzer, Jereme Orf, D. Pilcher

Agronomy Notes

In recent years there has been an increased interest in narrow row and solid seeded soybeans in Kentucky. Soybeans seeded in narrow rows have an earlier canopy closure which allows a longer time for the soybean plants to intercept the maximum amount of sunlight. The shading effect which results from earlier canopy closure also aids in weed suppression. More farmers are now seeding full season soybeans in narrow rows or solid seeded stands; because cultivation is eliminated, however, some are hesitant to adopt narrow row production practices for fear of inadequate chemical weed control. With the recent increase in effective …

Recommended Species For Vegetative Stabilization Of Training Lands In Arid And Semi-Arid Environments, United States Department Of Defense, Army Corps Of Engineers

Plants

Maintaining natural resources on western military installations has received increasing attention in recent years. Of special interest are training ranges where the environmental impact of tracked and wheeled vehicles is significant. Revegetation and soil stabilization on the arid and semi-arid regions of these western installations require special techniques. This report identifies key plant species that may be useful to installation land managers seeking to maintain or rehabilitate training land in these areas. The plant species are described in terms of their regional and environmental adaptations, limitations, uses, establishment requirements, and availability. In addition, recommendations for short- and long-term revegetation efforts …

Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate Of Tall Fescue-Leaf Area Vs. Leaf Weight Basis, Wallace Wilhelm, C. J. Nelson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The basis used for expression of carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER) of single leaves may alter the relative ranking of genotypes being selected for a breeding program. Therefore, field and growth chamber experiments were conducted on 16 genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to determine the relative merit of expressing CER data on a leaf area or leaf weight basis. Genotypes were grown in plots in the field and in pots in the growth chamber. The CER was measured using an infrared gas analyzer. Herbage yield was determined. Significant genotypic variation within experiments was found for CER when …

Viewpoint: Forage And Range Research Needs In The Central Great Plains, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In the central Great Plains, pastures and rangelands often are not economically competitive with grain crops. This has led to increases in acreages of row crops at the expense of rangelands, pastures, and hay crops on marginal lands resulting in severe erosion problems. The productivity of forages, pastures, and rangelands needs to be increased to levels that would make them economically competitive with grain crops. Innovative research will be needed to develop the required knowledge and technology upon which productivity increases can be based. Pastures and rangelands in this area are usually components of production systems which may also include …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 3. September 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EFFECTS OF FIRE ON NUTRIENT AND ENERGY CONCENTRATION OF FIVE PRAIRIE GRASS SPECIES ▪ K. M. Ohr and T. B. Bragg

FOOD HABITS OF JUVENILE GIZZARD SHAD IN OPEN-WATER AND NEAR-SHORE HABITATS OF MELVERN RESERVOIR, KANSAS ▪ B. L. Todd and D. W. Willis

CHANGES IN BREEDING BLACKBIRD NUMBERS IN NORTH DAKOTA FROM 1967 TO 1981–82 ▪ J. F. Besser

RARE ANIMALS AND PLANTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ W. C. Houtcooper, D. J. Ode, J. A. Pearson, and G. M. Vandel III …

Myrica Cerifera L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Ampelopsis Arborea (L.) Koehne, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Callicarpa Americana Lour., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Verbena Brasiliensis Vell., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Polypremum Procumbens L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Polypremum Procumbens L., John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Phyla Nodiflora (L.) Greene, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Ampelopsis Arborea (L.) Koehne, John E. Ebinger

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Localization Of A Development-Specific Protein In Sclerotia Of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum, Geraldine Russo, James L. Van Etten

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A development-specific protein (SSP) makes up about 35 to 40% of the total protein in sclerotia of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The protein consists of three charge isomers, with one isomer making up 80 to 90% of the total. In vitro translation of poly(A)⁺ RNA isolated from cells in early stages of sclerotia formation revealed that 44% of the amino acids incorporated was into SSP. In vivo- and in vitro-synthesized forms of SSP migrated at identical rates on both isoelectric focusing and denaturing polyacrylamide gels, indicating that SSP was not synthesized as a larger precursor. This was significant …

Herbicide Effects On Cultivars Of Soybeans [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.], Mark Martin

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Breeding herbicide-tolerant cultivars is a means of extending herbicide utilization. In 1983 and 1984, 20 soybean [Glycine max (L. Merr] cultivars were screened for their reactions to the following herbicides: metribuzin 4-amino-6-(tert)-butyl-3-(methylthio)-astriazin-5-(4H)-one]; vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate); and fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline]. Each herbicide was applied at the recommended rate X, 2X, and 4X in 1983. An 8X rate was added in 1984. The recommended rates (X) for the herbicides were as follows: metribuzin 0.42, vernolate 2.80, and fluchloralin 1.12 kg/ha. The cultivars were Pella, Pixie, Cumberland, Williams, Essex, Union, Semmes, Tracy, Tracy M; North American Plant Breeders 350, 68225, 420, and …

High Rates Of Photosynthesis In The Desert Shrub Chrysothamnus Nauseosus Ssp. Albicaulis, Tim D. Davis, N. Sankhla, W. R. Andersen, D. J. Weber, B. N. Smith

Great Basin Naturalist

Basic aspects of photosynthesis were investigated in white rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britt. ssp. albicaulis), a common C₃ deciduous shrub native to arid regions of the western U.S. Under favorable field conditions, net photosynthesis (P_n) ranged from 36 to 73 mg CO₂ · dm ⁻² · hr⁻¹, which is relatively high for a woody species. The leaves from the actively growing flowering shoots exhibited higher P_n than those on the vegetative shoots. P_n also varied according to the age of the leaves and the location of the plants. P …

Storage Of Burley Tobacco In Bales And Bundles, Linus R. Walton, M. E. Casada, Joseph L. Taraba, James H. Casada, W. H. Henson Jr., Larry D. Swetnam

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Bales and bundles of burley tobacco were stored for seven months from spring to fall. Leaves darkened during storage at all moisture levels and stalk positions with the exception of the bottom stalk position, which darkened only slightly. There was no difference in color change and dry weight loss between burley tobacco in bales and bundles. Normal and high moisture bales and bundles were often graded as unsound because of a deviant odor caused by bacterial activity. A bale weight loss of about 8% occurred at normal moisture with the loss being divided evenly between moisture and dry weight losse.

Ultrastructural Effects Of Sethoxydim On The Intercalary Meristem Of Johnsongrass (Sorghum Halpense), Bobbie Dowden

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This investigation represents one of the first electron microscopic studies on determining the mode of action of the chemical herbicide sethoxydim, 2-[-1-(ethoxydimino)butyl] -5-.2-(ethiothio)propyl]-3- hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one. Samples were excised from the intercalary meristem of johnsongrass (Sorghum halpense) at time intervals of 1,3, 6,12,24,36,48,60, and 72 hours and examined using electron microscopy. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that cellular activity shows alterations or abnormalities as early as six hours. Membranes show deterioration at this time and chloroplasts contain densely staining starch granules. As time intervals increase, cellular degradation becomes more evident. Nuclear membranes extend outward into the cytoplasm in various types of …

B810: Ectomycorrhizae Of Maine 3. A Listing Of Hygrophorus With Associated Hosts, Richard L. Homola, Miroslaw M. Czapowskyj, Barton M. Blum

Bulletins

Hygrophori have been collected and identified with their possible ectomycorrhizal associates in Maine. Most of the ectomycorrhizal relationships reported from Maine were confirmed by the work of others. The information on edibility is from authors' popular mushroom guides. Colored photos of forty-four Hygrophori are included here.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 2. June 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A CHECKLIST OF TEXAS ANTS ▪ G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler

HABITAT SELECTION BY SMALL MAMMALS OF THE TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE: EXPERIMENTAL PATCH CHOICE ▪ S. K. Peterson, G. A. Kaufman, and D. W. Kaufman

CORN CONSUMPTION BY WINTERING MALLARDS DURING MORNING FIELD-FLIGHTS ▪ R. J. Whyte and E. G. Bolen

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1984 ▪ R. N. Randall

MOUNTAIN PLOVER FOOD ITEMS ON AND ADJACENT TO A PRAIRIE DOG TOWN ▪ S. L. Olson

ECOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE IN …

Gap And Stand Dynamics Of A Southern Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forest, Richard T. Busing

Doctoral Dissertations

Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest dynamics were investigated by field studies and computer simulations. Mechanisms of old-growth stand dynamics were determined in a Great Smoky Mountains spruce-fir forest (elev. 1770-1830 m). The possible effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the mature forest were investigated with a gap model adapted to upper spruce-fir zone forests.

An analysis of stand dynamics involved the study of population interactions in the context of gap phase dynamics. Tree population structure and dispersion were quantified. Regeneration requirements and canopy-understory interactions were determined. Canopy turnover was modeled using species-by-species gap phase tree replacement probabilities. Finally, a spatial gap model …