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Articles 991 - 1018 of 1018
Full-Text Articles in Plant Sciences
Notes: Differences Among Nematode Populations In Tall Fescue Pastures In North, Central, And South Alabama, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. Rodriguez-Kabana
Notes: Differences Among Nematode Populations In Tall Fescue Pastures In North, Central, And South Alabama, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. Rodriguez-Kabana
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Surveys of nematode populations in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pastures in north, central, and south Alabama in 1982 and 1983 showed significant differences in frequency of occurrence of many nematode species by geographical region. Although nematode damage has been implicated in the poor adaptation of tall fescue to the sandy soils of the extreme Southeast, many plant parasitic nematode species occurred in low frequency in south Alabama pastures. There were significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of Paratrichodorus christiei (Allen) Siddiqi by region. This nematode occurred with relatively high frequency in south Alabama in both years. There were …
Lysimetric Calibration Of The Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance Method For Evapotranspiration Estimation In The Central Great Plains, Blaine L. Blad, Norman J. Rosenberg
Lysimetric Calibration Of The Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance Method For Evapotranspiration Estimation In The Central Great Plains, Blaine L. Blad, Norman J. Rosenberg
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Most reports show good agreement between evapotranspiration (ET) rates estimated by Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance (BREB) method and rates measured with lysimeters, although underestimation by the BREB model has occasionally been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the BREB technique in the climatic conditions characteristic of the central Great Plains, a region where a significant proportion of the energy consumed by evapotranspiration is supplied from advected sensible heat.
Agreement between the BREB method and lysimetric measurements of ET is good during non-advective periods but during advective periods the BREB model underestimates ET by about 20%. Data collected …
Penstemon In Your Garden [Revised], Roger D. Uhlinger, Glenn Viehmeyer
Penstemon In Your Garden [Revised], Roger D. Uhlinger, Glenn Viehmeyer
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The Genus Penstemon
Penstemon Breeding: Emasculation • Pollen Collection • Pollination • Keeping Records
Selection of ParentaI MateriaIs
Species Crosses
Breeding Behavior
Sources of Breeding Material
Penstemon Propagation: Propagation by Seed • Propagation by Division and Layering • Propagation by Cuttings • Tip Cuttings • Single Node and Single Eye Cuttings • Striking the Cuttings • Rooting Mediums • Setting the Cuttings
Penstemon Diseases : Leaf Diseases • Soil Borne Diseases • Virus Diseases
Insects that Affect Penstemon: Aphids • Cutworms • False Plant Bug • Flea Beetle • Grasshoppers • Leaf hoppers • Slugs • Red Spider Mites • …
Rollins Adams Emerson (1873-1947) Horticulturist Pioneer Plant Geneticist Administrator Inspiring Student Adviser, Rosalind Morris
Rollins Adams Emerson (1873-1947) Horticulturist Pioneer Plant Geneticist Administrator Inspiring Student Adviser, Rosalind Morris
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The vigorous and highly productive life of Professor R. A. Emerson spanned 74 years and 7 months. His birth and death took place In New York State, but Nebraska nurtured his early development and schooling. He spent 15 years of his professional career at the University of Nebraska, followed by 33 years at Cornell University.
Rollins Adams Emerson, son of Charles David and Mary C. Adams Emerson (a direct descendant of Henry Adams), was born May 5, 1873 at Pillar Point, New York State on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario. In 1880 his family moved to Nebraska and settled …
Microorganisms And Soil Structure, T. M. Mccalla, F. A. Haskins
Microorganisms And Soil Structure, T. M. Mccalla, F. A. Haskins
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
SUMMARY
Good stable soil structure is valuable for promoting the growth of plants and micro-organisms by permitting enhanced aeration and water penetration and by decreasing erosion under some conditions.
Micro-organisms influence water percolation through the soil. They may plug up soil pores with byproducts of growth and reduce water percolation. On the other hand, if a soil containing a large amount of microbial products is stirred and allowed to dry, then the percolation may be high.
Micro-organisms are involved in stabilizing soil structure by their products of decomposition and their cellular binding material, such as mycelia. Microorganisms differ greatly in …
Pensternon In Your Garden, Glenn Viehmeyer
Pensternon In Your Garden, Glenn Viehmeyer
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
A new race of hardy perennials is beginning to appear in American gardens. These are the penstemons, a genus of plants closely related to the familiar snapdragon, which may become important ornamentals as they become better known to gardeners. The purpose of this bulletin is to show the possibility of the genus as an ornamental and to suggest species and species hybrids of possible value to Great Plains gardeners; to provide information about propagation and culture; and to encourage gardeners to engage in penstemon breeding as an avocation.
Microorganisms And Soil Structure, T. M. Mccalla
Microorganisms And Soil Structure, T. M. Mccalla
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
SUMMARY
Laboratory tests were made to determine the effectiveness of different compounds and microbial groups in increasing the stability of Peorian loess lumps against the action of falling water drops. The influence of these on percolation tests in the laboratory was also determined.
Many organic substances-dextrose, sucrose, starch, peptone, cullulose, and gum arabic-did not themselves contribute directly to soil-structure stability, though these substances do furnish energy material for soil microorganisms, which can convert them readily into either microbial tissue or decomposition products that increase soil-structure stability. Lignin, proteins, oils, fats, waxes, resin, and paraffin increased the stability of lumps of …
The Genetics Congress, R. A. Emerson
The Genetics Congress, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Mice and men reported from
Edinburgh after the Congress
(JOURNAL OF HEREDITY for
September 1939) but since then there
has been silence, as far as getting into the
record any details of the Congress. On
account of the disruption to trans-Atlantic
travel caused by the declaration of
war between England and Germany,
September 3, the American delegation to
the Congress was considerably delayed
in getting back. Only two failed ultimately
to return, Dr. and Mrs. F. W.
Tinney of the Division of Farm Crops
of the University of Wisconsin. They
were among about a dozen members of
the Congress who …
A Zygotic Lethal In Chromosome 1 Of Maize And Its Linkage With Neighboring Genes, R. A. Emerson
A Zygotic Lethal In Chromosome 1 Of Maize And Its Linkage With Neighboring Genes, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
A Bolivian maize
maize with mosaic red pericarp and cob, here designated by the symbol M-M, crossed with a local inbred strain of maize having white pericarp and cob, W-W, produced in F1 21 M-M and 28
W-W plants, not far from the I : I relation expected on the assumption that
the M-M parent was heterozygous for pericarp and cob color, M-M/W-W.
In F2 and segregating F3 cultures, however, there were 130 M-M and 64
W-W plants obviously a 2 : I instead of the 3 : I relation expected. Later cultures
increased these records to …
Relation Of The Differential Fertilization Genes, Ga Ga, To Certain Other Genes Of The Su-Tu Linkage Group Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
Relation Of The Differential Fertilization Genes, Ga Ga, To Certain Other Genes Of The Su-Tu Linkage Group Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The Ga, or “gamete” gene of maize can be studied only or principally by its disturbance of normal Mendelian ratios of contrasted characters differentiated by genes linked with it. The amount of this disturbance can be used as a measure of the intensity of linkage between Ga and other genes of the su-Tu group.
Disturbance of the 3:1 ratio of starchy, Su, to sugary, su, endosperm has been most studied. In one of the early papers on Mendelian inheritance, Correns (1902) reported that, although crosses between most starchy and sugary varieties gave an F2 ratio of …
The A Series Of Allelomorphs In Relation To Pigmentation In Maize, R. A. Emerson, E. G. Anderson
The A Series Of Allelomorphs In Relation To Pigmentation In Maize, R. A. Emerson, E. G. Anderson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Introduction ... 503
The allelomorph Ab ... 504
The allelomorph ap ... 505
Dominance ... 508
Summary ... 508
Literature Cited ... 509
The Frequency Of Somatic Mutation In Variegated Pericarp Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
The Frequency Of Somatic Mutation In Variegated Pericarp Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Some years ago (Emerson 1922) the writer announced that in F2 of
certain crosses of variegated with colorless pericarp in maize the heterozygous
individuals changed to self color more frequently than did the homozygous
individuals of the same cultures. No “explanation” of this phenomenon
was then apparent, but later results, though still far from affording
an adequate solution of the problem, have furnished at least a working
hypothesis. The original unpublished paper, with minor modifications,
is given below, under the heading. “Somatic mutations in heterozygous
and in homozygous variegated pericarp.”
Control Of Flowering In Teosinte: Short-Day Treatment Brings Early Flowers, R. A. Emerson
Control Of Flowering In Teosinte: Short-Day Treatment Brings Early Flowers, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Attempts to force teosinte into flower in mid-summer, in order to facilitate hybridizing it with maize, have afforded considerable information concerning the flowering time of teosinte under diverse conditions. The possibility that some of this information may be of use to others suggests its publication. The paper is, therefore, to be considered as a help in the technique of teosinte and maize hybridization rather than a contribution ~to the solution of the physiological problems involved.
A Genetic View Of Sex Expression In The Flowering Plants, R. A. Emerson
A Genetic View Of Sex Expression In The Flowering Plants, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
It seems a conservative statement to say that studies
of the past twenty years among animal forms have
tended increasingly to link the phenomena of sex inheritance
with the behavior of chromosomes. To this
result, cytology and genetics have contributed perhaps
almost equally. The number of forms in which
one sex is known to have a morphologically different
chromosome complex from the other sex are many.
That, with respect to the chromosomes, the female of
certain forms produces gametes of a single kind,
whereas the male produces two kinds, and that in
turn an egg fertilized by one kind of …
Pericarp Studies In Maize. I. The Inheritance Of Pericarp Colors, E. G. Anderson, R. A. Emerson
Pericarp Studies In Maize. I. The Inheritance Of Pericarp Colors, E. G. Anderson, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Introduction ... 466
Nomenclature ... 467
Pigments present in colored pericarp ... 467
Factor relations of pericarp colors ... 468
Factor relations of red pericarp, P ... 468
Factor relations of cherry pericarp ... 471
Discussion and Summary ... 474
Literature Cited ... 475
Genetic Interrelations Of Two Andromonoecious Types Of Maize, Dwarf And Anther Ear, R. A. Emerson, Sterling H. Emerson
Genetic Interrelations Of Two Andromonoecious Types Of Maize, Dwarf And Anther Ear, R. A. Emerson, Sterling H. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Attention was called by Montgomery (1906)to the occasional appearance
of perfect flowers in the staminate inflorescence of maize and similar
cases were reported by Kempton (1913). Montgomery (1911) described
with illustrations a true-breeding type of semi-dwarf dent maize, the ears
of which were perfect-flowered. Perfect-flowered maize was described
and illustrated also by Blaringhem (1908, pp. 180-183). East and
Hayes (1911, pp. 13, 14) noted and illustrated a perfect-flowered sweet
corn. Weatherwax (1916, 1917) showed that typically pistillate
flowers of maize exhibit in microscopic sections the rudiments of stamens
and that staminate flowers show rudiments of pistils.
The Relative Frequency Of Crossing Over In Microspore And In Megaspore Development In Maize, R. A. Emerson, C. B. Hutchison
The Relative Frequency Of Crossing Over In Microspore And In Megaspore Development In Maize, R. A. Emerson, C. B. Hutchison
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
One of the early developments in the study of linkage in Drosophila was the discovery that the phenomenon of crossing over is confined to the female sex (Morgan 1912). The fact that no crossing over occurs in the male Drosophila holds true not only for sex-linked genes but for factors in the autosomes as well and is so well established that it affords a most convenient method of determining to which of the different linkage groups a new factor belongs.
The same phenomenon, but with the sexes reversed, obtains in the silkworm moth. Tanaka (1914, 1915) has found from back-cross …
Heritable Characters Of Maize: Ix. Crinkly Leaf, R. A. Emerson
Heritable Characters Of Maize: Ix. Crinkly Leaf, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
In 1910 a strain of dent corn obtained at the National Corn Exposition held at Omaha was crossed with a strain of flint corn obtained from the Department of Agronomy of the University of Nebraska. The F1 plants of this cross were normal and no abnormalities had been observed in the parent strains. But since the latter had not been subjected to self-pollination, there is no assurance that one or other of them did not have in it the character to be described here. In the F2 generation of this cross there occurred a tpe of plant that …
Heritable Characters Of Maize Ii.-Pistillate Flowered Maize Plants, R. A. Emerson
Heritable Characters Of Maize Ii.-Pistillate Flowered Maize Plants, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
In the "freak"
class at the Annual
Corn Show held at Lincoln, Nebraska,
in the winter of 1913-14,
there was exhibited a corn tassel
with a heavy setting of seeds. A few
seeds are not infrequently found in the
staminate inflorescence of maize, particularly
in pod com, and tillers of various
corn varieties often end in ears instead
of in tassels or have tassels, the central
spikes of which are ear like. The freak
exhibited at the com show, however,
was a large. much branched affair.
wholly tassel-like in form except for the
fact that it bore a heavy crop …
Genetical Studies Of Variegated Pericarp In Maize, R. A. Emerson
Genetical Studies Of Variegated Pericarp In Maize, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Two years ago there were presented some results of a study of the inheritance of self pattern in the pericarp of maize seeds, occurring as a sporophytic2 variation in variegated ears (EMERSON1 914). Further results, in entire accord with those previously reported, have now been obtained. In addition, data bearing upon new phases of the problem are also available.
The chief results reported in the earlier paper were the following: ( I ) The more nearly self-colored the pericarp of any seed of a variegated ear, the more likely is the progeny of that seed to produce a self-colored ear …
Multiple Factors Vs. "Golden Mean" In Size Inheritance, R. A. Emerson
Multiple Factors Vs. "Golden Mean" In Size Inheritance, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Groth's preliminary note on the "golden mean" in the inheritance of sizes in SCIENCE of April 17, 1914, pp. 581-584, deserves the attention of geneticists. Its publication is of such recent date that I need only call attention to one or two points that seem to me of particular moment.
In brief, Groth's hypothesis is that the mode
of inheritance in Fl not only of surfaces and
volumes, but also of linear dimensions is to be
expressed by √ab rather than by a + b /2
where a and b are parent sizes. The hypothesis
is based upon …
The Inheritance Of A Recurring Somatic Variation In Variegated Ears Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
The Inheritance Of A Recurring Somatic Variation In Variegated Ears Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The inheritance of variegation has special interest and importance in genetics. It is with forms of variegation that the only two certainly known cases of non-Mendelian inheritance have had to do. I refer to Baur's experiments with Pelargonium, in which crosses of green-leaved and white-leaved forms exhibited somatic segregations in F1 that bred true in later generations, and to Correns 's work with Mirabilis, which showed green and white leaf color, to be inherited through the mother only. De Vries's con- ception of "ever-sporting" varieties was apparently founded largely upon the behavior of variegated flowers in pedigree …
Shorter Articles And Discussion Simplified Mendelian Formulae, R. A. Emerson
Shorter Articles And Discussion Simplified Mendelian Formulae, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
I was somewhat surprised by 'Morgan's and Castle's suggestions for a simplification of Mendelian formulae. My surprise was not occasioned so much by the forms these suggestions took as by the fact that any pronounced changes were deemed necessary. I had not only employed the usual formula in my own work but had found no difficulty worth mentioning in understanding the formula used by most other workers in Mendelian fields. My experience with students in elementary courses in genetics had not prepared me for the idea that such formula were particularly difficult. Nevertheless I believe in simplifying the formulae if …
The Possible Origin Of Mutations In Somatic Cells, R. A. Emerson
The Possible Origin Of Mutations In Somatic Cells, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
That mutations are accompanied by some change in the germ-plasm is, I take it, indisputable. Have we, however, any reason to suppose that the change takes place within the germ cells? I am not sure, as a matter of fact, that genetists in general regard the gametes as the place of origin of mutations. It is true, however, that experiments in the artificial production of mutations in plants have been limited largely to treatments of the ovaries from about the time of the reduction division to about the time of fertilization. This suggests a belief on the part of investigators …
Shorter Articles And Reports: The Simultaneous Modification Of Distinct Mendelian Factors, R. A. Emerson
Shorter Articles And Reports: The Simultaneous Modification Of Distinct Mendelian Factors, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
In another paper on the inheritance of a recurring somatic variation in variegated ears of maize, it was shown that the amount of red color developed in the pericarp of variegated seeds bears a definite relation to the development of color in the progeny of such seeds. The relation is such that the more color there is in the pericarp of the seeds planted the more likely are they to produce plants with wholly self-red ears and correspondingly the less likely to produce plants with variegated ears. Self-red ears thus produced behave just as if they were hybrids between self-red …
The Unexpected Occurrence Of Aleurone Colors In F2 Of A Cross Between Non-Colored Varieties Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
The Unexpected Occurrence Of Aleurone Colors In F2 Of A Cross Between Non-Colored Varieties Of Maize, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Before the Mendelian methods of analysis became available, considerable wonder would doubtless have been excited by the "mysterious" appearance in F2 of one colored grain-purple or red-to every five or six white ones in case of a maize cross, both parents and F, of which had only white grains. An occurrence of this sort has recently been noted in one of my maize cultures and the F2 numbers are explained here as a trihybrid or tetrahybrid ratio. The crosses in question were made primarily for a study of size inheritance and fairly large numbers have been grown. The varieties …
Discussion And Correspondence Coupling Vs. Random Segregation, R. A. Emerson
Discussion And Correspondence Coupling Vs. Random Segregation, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
To the editor of science: The suggestion offered by Morgan, in SCIENCE of September 22, to account for the coupling and repulsion of factors for various characters in inheritance in such forms as Abraxas, Drosophila, fowls, sweet peas, etc., incites this note.
Briefly Morgan's hypothesis is (1) that the materials representing factors that couple are "near together in a linear series" in the chromosomes; (2) that, when pairs of parental chromosomes conjugate, "like regions stand opposed "; (3) that "homologous chromosomes twist around each other," but that the separation of chromosomes is in a single "plane"; (4) that, thereby the …
The Inheritance Of Sizes And Shapes In Plants, R. A. Emerson
The Inheritance Of Sizes And Shapes In Plants, R. A. Emerson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Some years ago Lock reported a cross of a tall race of maize with a shorter race which produced an intermediate height in F1 and exhibited no segregation in F2 when crossed back with one of the parents. Castle's results with rabbits are very similar to those of Lock with maize. Castle summarizes his results in part as follows:
A cross between rabbits differing in ear-length produces offspring with ears of intermediate length, varying about the mean of the parental ear-lengths. . . . A study of the offspring of the primary cross-breds shows the blend of the …