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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Hepatic Transcriptomic Assessment Of Sprague Dawley Rats In Response To Dietary Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (Pfbs) Ingestion, Isaac Appiah
Hepatic Transcriptomic Assessment Of Sprague Dawley Rats In Response To Dietary Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (Pfbs) Ingestion, Isaac Appiah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is a short-chain PFAS that is considered to be a less toxic replacement for the rather more toxic long-chain perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Its numerous industrial applications and widespread presence in the environment have raised environmental and health concerns because of growing evidence associating adverse health effects and certain liver diseases to PFBS exposure. The study goal was to investigate whether dietary ingestion of PFBS would induce liver injuries, damage, inflammations, and oxidative stress. To achieve these goals, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three PFBS dietary treatment groups (0, 50, and 100 PPM) for 11 weeks. After this …
Effects Of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals On Human Macrophages And Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Anna Manzi Morris
Effects Of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals On Human Macrophages And Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Anna Manzi Morris
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
E-cigarettes and vapes are relatively new devices which are popular among young adults and teens. These devices vaporize an “e-liquid” for the user to inhale, which typically contains a mixture of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), varying concentrations of nicotine, and flavoring chemicals. Due to these flavoring chemicals being intended for ingestion as a food additive, their respiratory health effects are not well understood. Thousands of e-cigarette flavors are available on the market, many of which have the potential for toxicity. The majority of e-liquid flavoring chemicals (ELFCs) have not been tested for inhalation safety. In this study, we …
Critical Physicochemical Properties For Nanoparticle Toxicity: Impact Of Surface Coating And Size On Particle-Induced Cell Transformation And Inflammatory Response, Tiffany Kornberg
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Nanoparticles, which measure 100 nm in at least one dimension, have surged in development, production, and use for a wide range of applications. However, the rapid pace of development for these emerging materials with unclear/unknown toxicity profiles makes it difficult to adequately assess health risk associated with exposure. One critical obstacle which limits scientific research to fill these critical knowledge gaps is the lack of accurate and predictive models for nanotoxicology studies, particularly those which involve occupationally relevant exposure scenarios (pulmonary exposure to low dose of particles in the circulating air). Typically, animal models are used to assess potential systemic …
Complexities Of Chronic Opioid Exposure, Maciej Gonek
Complexities Of Chronic Opioid Exposure, Maciej Gonek
Theses and Dissertations
Studies on repeated exposure to opioids have been carried out for decades yet the mechanisms for certain phenomena such as tolerance are still not fully understood. Furthermore, different medications, such as frequently prescribed benzodiazepines, or different disease states, such as HIV, have their own effects and interactions with chronic opioid exposure that are not fully understood. The overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate the complexities of chronic opioid exposure and how different disease states and medications may modulate the effects of chronic opioids. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of diazepam, at doses that are not antinociceptive or …
Consequences Of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin (Tcdd) On Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation And Extracellular Matrix Remodeling During Chronic Liver Injury, Cheri Lou Lamb
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental pollutant and high-affinity ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Exposure to TCDD elicits a spectrum of toxic effects, many involving aberrant cell proliferation, activation, and differentiation. The liver is a target organ for TCDD toxicity, and increasing evidence indicates that AhR signaling regulates genes that coordinate deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are central to ECM remodeling in the liver. We recently reported that TCDD treatment increases the activation of human HSCs in vitro. The goal of this study was to …
A Plant-Made Cholera Toxin B Subunit Enhances Mucosal Wound Healing And Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis And Colon Cancer., Keegan J Baldauf
A Plant-Made Cholera Toxin B Subunit Enhances Mucosal Wound Healing And Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis And Colon Cancer., Keegan J Baldauf
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation describes the previously unidentified effects of a plant-produced recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTBp) on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its ability to protect against inflammation in a mouse model of colonic injury and ulcerative colitis (UC). To comprehensively analyze CTBp’s impacts on the GI tract, we employed global analysis methodologies based on multi-color flow cytometry to analyze immune cell populations in GI and systemic lymphatic compartments, gene expression microarray to decipher transcript-level changes in the colon and small intestine, and 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize fecal microbiota. Based on a drastic shift observed in the immune cell …
Developing Proteomic And Cytokine Biomarkers For Vulvodynia, Ashvin Iyer
Developing Proteomic And Cytokine Biomarkers For Vulvodynia, Ashvin Iyer
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Vulvodynia is a chronic, heterogeneous, and multifactorial disease. This condition may affect up to 18 percent of the female population including Caucasians, African Americans, Africans and Hispanics particularly those sexually active at child bearing age. The etiology of this condition is complex and multifactorial and it is frequently accompanied by physical disabilities, psychological distress and sexual dysfunction. Clinically, vulvodynia can be generalized or localized and pain can be provoked or unprovoked. Patients may also describe vulvar paresthesias or dysesthesias that may last hours. The International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease (ISSVD) recognizes vulvar pain related to a specific …
Adenosine A2b Receptor Effects On Post-Mi Remodeling And Cardiac Fibroblast Function, Enbo Zhan
Adenosine A2b Receptor Effects On Post-Mi Remodeling And Cardiac Fibroblast Function, Enbo Zhan
Wayne State University Dissertations
Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) appear to contribute to chronic inflammation. This receptor is highly expressed in macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts, cells which play key roles in inflammation and healing following myocardial infarction (MI). A2BR have been shown to induce collagen production and promote organ fibrosis, although the reports of A2BR role on MI are limited and conflicting. The results of cardiac fibroblast (CF) studies however suggest that non-selective A2BR stimulation inhibits collagen expression. The hypothesis of the present study was that deletion of A2BR reduces adverse remodeling in post-MI, …
Maternal Immune Dysregulation In The Pathogenesis Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Interleukin-6 As A Central Mechanism And Therapeutic Target Of Flavonoids, Ellisa Carla Parker-Athill
Maternal Immune Dysregulation In The Pathogenesis Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Interleukin-6 As A Central Mechanism And Therapeutic Target Of Flavonoids, Ellisa Carla Parker-Athill
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Activation of the maternal immune system and resultant maternal cytokine expression due to prenatal infection has been implicated as a significant contributor to the pathology of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Increased maternal interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, observed clinically and in animal models of prenatal infection, and resultant activation of key signaling pathways, has been shown to be a biological indicator of pathology, and a central component of the pathological mechanism. In animal models of prenatal infection and clinically in pregnancy disorders hallmarked by immunological irregularities and increased IL-6 expression, inhibition of IL-6 has …
In Vitro And In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Characterization Of The Novel Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Pf-04886847, Dhaval Sanjeev Kolte
In Vitro And In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Characterization Of The Novel Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Pf-04886847, Dhaval Sanjeev Kolte
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Plasma kallikrein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and thrombosis. Kallikrein cleaves high molecular weight kininogen (HK) to liberate the potent pro-inflammatory peptide bradykinin (BK). BK upon activation of its constitutive B2 receptors on endothelial cells leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ level and subsequent production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2), ultimately leading to vasodilation, hypotension, increased vascular permeability and vascular leakage. Further, kallikrein activates the complement system and stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis, aggregation and elastase release. Furthermore, kallikrein mediates the conversion of factor XII (FXII) to activated factor XII (FXIIa) thereby potentiating the intrinsic …