Comparative Nutrition Commons^™

Crop Updates 2002 - Lupins, Amelia Mclarty, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten, Martin Harries, Paul Blackwell, Mike Collins, Bill Crabtree, Geoff Fosbery, Angie Roe, Matt Beckett, Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins, Geoff Thomas, Ken Adcock, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes, Roger Jones, Brenda Coutts, Manisha Shankar, Mark Sweetingham, Bevan Buirchell, Nichole Burges, Dominie Wright, Susan J. Barker, Jairo A. Palta, Neil C. Turner, Matt Evans, Brett Glencross, John Curnow, Wayne Hawkins, Jon C. Clements

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty four papers from different authors:

LUPIN INDUSTRY ISSUES AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Amelia McLarty LUPIN CONVENOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

VARIETIES

1. Evaluation of lupinus mutabilis in Western Australia, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten and Martin Harries, Department of Agriculture

2. Adaption of restricted-branching lupins in short-growing season environments, Bob French, Laurie Wahlsten, Department of Agriculture

ESTABLISHMENT

3. Moisture delving for better lupin establishment, Dr Paul Blackwell, Department of Agriculture

4. Lupins, tramlines, 600mm rows, rolling and shield spraying … a good result in a dry season! Paul Blackwell and Mike Collins, Department of Agriculture

5. Lupin …

Crop Updates 2000 - Cereals Part 2, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkins, Roger Jones, Dominie Wright, Peter Carlton, Jat Bhathal, Robert Loughman, K. Jayasena, J. Majewski, S. Kelly, G. Holloway, N, Venn, D. Diepeveen, Brenda Shackley, Darshan Sharma, Wal Anderson, Mohammad Amjad, Vanessa Dooley, Peter Burgess, Ashley Bacon, Frances Hoyle, Keith Devenish, Mathew Appelbee, Mohommed Hamza, Steven Mccoy, Steven Penny

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty papers from different authors:

DISEASE

1. Forecasting aphid and virus risk in cereals, Debbie Thackray, Jenny Hawkes and Roger Jones, Agriculture Western Australia and Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture

2. Cereal Diagnostics, Dominie Wright, Agriculture Western Australia

3. The economic returns from spraying for leaf rust in the central wheatbelt in 1999, Peter Carlton, Trials Coordinator, Elders Limited

4. Impact and Management of Yellow Spot and Leaf Rust in the Northern Agricultural Region, Jat Bhathal and Robert Loughman, Agriculture Western Australia

5. Leaf disease management in wheat and barley in the southern …

Nitrogen On Rapeseed, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Experiments comparing the responses of wheat and rape to nitrogenous fertilisers were planted at 26 sites from Geraldton to Esperance in 1971.

In spite of hail damage and poor emergence of rape at some sites, meaningful results were obtained in 18 cases.

Nitrogen Fertilisers And Cereals, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FEW aspects of cereal growing have received as much attention in the past 20 years as nitrogen fertilisers.

The recommendations and yield figures presented below are based on numerous trials in the agricultural areas of Western Australia.

Rationing Standing Crops To Sheep, H E. Fels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This experiment was done at Merredin Research Station to develop and test a method of rationing standing crops to sheep, and also to find whether rationing would reduce the sheep's water consumption.

The experiment involved 60 sheep on 12 one-acre plots of drought affected Gamenya wheat.

Lupins In Western Australia. 5. The Grazing Value Of Green And Mature Lupins, John Sylvester Gladstones

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WHETHER or not lupins are grown primarily as a grain crop, grazing of standing crops and harvested stubbles will continue to be an important use. This article examines the uses of sweet lupins for forage, and the main problem of lupin grazing, lupinosis.

Surplus Cereal Crops For Sheep Feed, H E. Fels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

SINCE the introduction of wheat quotas many farmers have considered feeding unsaleable grain to sheep.

The three alternative methods of feeding this grain to sheep are

• as standing crops

• as grain supplements, fed in the paddock

• as grain plus hay, in a feedlot.

Crop Rationing : A Useful Drought Feeding Technique, H E. Fels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A TRIAL carried out during the 1969 drought demonstrated that rationing standing crop is a practical method of feeding it to sheep when feed is scarce.

Rationing will be mainly a drought feeding technique for that part of the crop which will definitely be used as sheep feed. Crop that may or may not be needed for sheep would normally be harvested and the grain kept as a contingency allowance.

A Comparison Of Methods Of Urea Application At Ajana, M G. Mason, R. J. Parkin, H. Patrick

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Compared with urea application separate from the seed, urea mixed with wheat seed delayed and reduced wheat germination, and reduced wheat yields, especially at high rates of urea.

Yields were higher where the urea was topdressed immediately before seeding than where it was top-dressed either immediately after, or two weeks after seeding.

Trials With Urea And Anhydrous Ammonia For Wheat Growing, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE recent subsidy on nitrogenous fertilisers has greatly reduced their price to farmers. This, and farmers' increasing awareness of the benefits of application of nitrogen to cereals, has led to a substantial increase in the use of these fertilisers.

Drilled Versus Topdressed Superphosphate For Cereal Production, A Loutit, P. Stallwood, W. J. Cox

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

CEREAL growers in Australia usually use a drill or combine to apply their seed and superphosphate in one operation.

However, during the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in the amount of super broadcast bafore seeding.

N-P Compound Fertilisers, M G. Mason, W. J. Cox, R. N. Glencross

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FARMERS were able to buy the two compound fertilisers N-P Compound Fertiliser 28:14 and N-P Compound Fertilser 24:24 in the 1967 season.

Maintenance Phosphorus And Sulphur For Pastures : Progress Report, Walter Jacob Cox

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PASTURE IMPROVEMENT has been based on topdressing with superphosphate, which supplies sulphur as well as phosphorus.

In the past, all the benefit due to superphosphate was attributed to the phosphorus.

It is only in recent years that the importance of the sulphur has been appreciated.

West Midlands Development : Fertilizers For The West Midlands, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FARMING the light lands of the West Midland area would be impossible without fertilisers.

Most light land areas are inherently very low in phosphate and also require nitrogen.

The nitrogen can come from fertiliser for cereal crops, or can be built up by growing appropriate legume pasture plants such as clovers and lupins.

West Midlands Development : Cereals For The West Midlands, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE sandplain soils and climate of the West Midlands area are primarily suited to grazing.

However, the place of cereals is receiving a great deal of attention in view of their advantages in the early stages of development, and the need for the diversification of farm production.

Rates Of Superphosphate For Cereal Grain Production In The Under 20 Inch Rainfall Areas, Walter Jacob Cox

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

EVERY year farmers use large quantities of superphosphate with cereal crops to overcome the inherent phosphate deficiency of West Australian soils.

The increase in the average rate used by farmers reflects the increasing amount of new land being cropped.

Good seasons and favourable economic conditions may also have influenced super rates.

Rates Of Superphosphate For Pasture And Crop Production In The Salmon Gums District, R N. Glencross, W. J. Cox

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

DURING the last few years large areas have been released for cereal and pasture production in the southern part of the Shire of Dundas and the northern part of the Shire of Esperance.

Changes in land use since 1962 are summarised in Table 1.

Sources Of Nitrogen For Cereals : Their Characteristics And Costs, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Generally similar results may be expected from all the sources of nitrogen available for cereal growing.

The unit nitrogen price and the convenience of use of each fertiliser in the particular situation should be taken into account in deciding which fertiliser to use.

THE first point to consider when deciding which nitrogen fertiliser to use for wheat growing is the effectiveness of the nitrogen source in increasing crop yield. Second, the cost per unit of nitrogen must be considered.

The convenience of using a particular source in a particular situation is also important and greater convenience may offset some cost …

Nitrogenous Fertilisers For Cereal Production, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE greatest responses to nitrogenous fertilisers can be expected in areas with a relatively long growing season.

In such areas light soils with a low nitrogen status provide the best prospects for addition of nitrogen—provided adequate moisture is available.

The Phosphorus Fertilisers : How They Compare, Walter Jacob Cox

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

ALTHOUGH 'double' or 'concentrated' superphosphate was first commercially manufactured in 1872 it was not until the 1950's that it became a major commercial fertiliser. In 1965 it accounted for about 15 per cent, of the world production of phosphatic fertilisers.

Fertilisers For The Wheatbelt, William John Toms

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A review of fertiliser research findings and recommendations for fertiliser applications to crops and pastures in the 12 to 15 inch rainfall areas.

NOT long ago, fertiliser to the cereal grower meant only superphosphate for cropping. Today, phosphorus, sulphur, nitrogen, copper, zinc and molybdenum are all important, and the needs of improved pastures must be considered as well as those of cereals.

A Comparison Of Nitrogenous Fertilisers For Cereals, M G. Mason

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE use of nitrogenous fertilisers has become an important aspect of cereal growing in many districts and farmers now have a number of sources of nitrogen from which to choose.

Meadow Hay For The Dairy Herd, F E. Ryan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

CONSERVATION is the basis of progress in dairy farming and the major form is meadow hay, but unfortunately relatively few dairy farmers give enough attention to the quality and quantity of this important feed.

Dairy Farming In The Busselton-Margaret River District. Part 3. Fodder Conservation, R A. Bettenay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

An analysis of fodder conservation indicates that farmers in the Busselton-Margaret River district are conserving less than half the amount of fodder considered desirable.—Third in a series reporting a survey of farm practices in the district.

Phosphate Requirements Of Rice In The Ord River Valley, Rijn P J Van, A. L. Chapman

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A three-year experiment on the initial and maintenance phosphate requirements of wet-season rice was carried out at Kimberley Research Station between 1960 and 1963.

Application of 2 cwt. per acre superphosphate as the first application on new land, followed by annual application of 1J cwt. per acre is recommended.

Meadow Hay, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

rriHE nutritive value of pasture is high in early spring and remains so until early flowering.

After this the protein content falls rapidly, the fibre content rises and the plants become more lignifled and their digestibility reduced.