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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Microbiology
Botanical Assessment Of Remnant Floodplain Habitats Along Plaster Creek, Kent County, Michigan: Assessing Changes Since The 1890s, Haley R. Weesies, Garrett Crow, David Warners
Botanical Assessment Of Remnant Floodplain Habitats Along Plaster Creek, Kent County, Michigan: Assessing Changes Since The 1890s, Haley R. Weesies, Garrett Crow, David Warners
Faculty and Professional Research
Plaster Creek, a tributary of the Grand River, drains a 58-square mile watershed in Kent County, Michigan. Its headwaters originate in the agriculturally dominated southwestern portion of the county, and then it meanders through residential, commercial, and urban areas of Kentwood and Grand Rapids before it empties into the Grand River about one mile south of downtown Grand Rapids. Much of Plaster Creek’s original floodplain, like the rest of its watershed, has been drastically altered and degraded over time due to the development of residential neighborhoods, commercial properties, agriculture, and industrial zones. Floodplains house unique assemblages of Michigan’s native biodiversity …
Botanical Inventory And Management Consideration For Potential Park At 32 Nd Street Property: City Of Grand Rapids Parks And Recreation, David Warners, William Hofmann, Hayden Janssen, Martin Vanderschoot, Garrett Crow
Botanical Inventory And Management Consideration For Potential Park At 32 Nd Street Property: City Of Grand Rapids Parks And Recreation, David Warners, William Hofmann, Hayden Janssen, Martin Vanderschoot, Garrett Crow
Faculty and Professional Research
During the spring and summer of 2022, a botanical inventory and floristic quality assessment was carried out by Calvin University students and faculty for the 32 nd Street Property proposed as a 17-acre potential City Park, located at 2163 32 nd Street SE in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The purpose of this inventory was to inform the staff of the Grand Rapids Parks and Recreation Department of the botanical significance of this newly sectioned property and also to provide information for the City to share with neighbors of the plants that could be found in this parcel. The research conducted as …
An Outbreak Of Canine Schistosomiasis In Utah Acquisition Of A New Snail Host (Galba Humilis) By Heterobilharzia Americana, A Pathogenic Parasite On The Move, Eric S. Loker, Scott Z. Dolginow, Suzanne Pape, Colin D. Topper, Randall J. Dejong
An Outbreak Of Canine Schistosomiasis In Utah Acquisition Of A New Snail Host (Galba Humilis) By Heterobilharzia Americana, A Pathogenic Parasite On The Move, Eric S. Loker, Scott Z. Dolginow, Suzanne Pape, Colin D. Topper, Randall J. Dejong
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Parasites with complex life cycles engaging multiple host species living among different environments well-exemplify the value of a cross-cutting One Health approach to understanding fundamental concerns like disease emergence or spread. Here we provide new information regarding a pathogenic schistosome trematode parasite of both wild and domestic mammals that has recently expanded its known range from mesic/wet environments of the southeastern United States to the arid southwest. In 2018, 12 dogs living near a man-made pond in Moab, Utah, were found positive for Heterobilharzia americana, the most westerly report of this endemic North American schistosome, and the first from Utah. …
Gut Bacteria Are Essential For Normal Cuticle Development In Herbivorous Turtle Ants, Christophe Duplais, Vincent Sarou-Kanian, Dominique Massiot, Alia Hassan, John T. Wertz
Gut Bacteria Are Essential For Normal Cuticle Development In Herbivorous Turtle Ants, Christophe Duplais, Vincent Sarou-Kanian, Dominique Massiot, Alia Hassan, John T. Wertz
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Across the evolutionary history of insects, the shift from nitrogen-rich carnivore/omnivore diets to nitrogen-poor herbivorous diets was made possible through symbiosis with microbes. The herbivorous turtle ants Cephalotes possess a conserved gut microbiome which enriches the nutrient composition by recycling nitrogen-rich metabolic waste to increase the production of amino acids. This enrichment is assumed to benefit the host, but we do not know to what extent. To gain insights into nitrogen assimilation in the ant cuticle we use gut bacterial manipulation, 15N isotopic enrichment, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to demonstrate that gut bacteria contribute to …
Plaster Creek Floodplain And Adjacent Ravines Near Stanaback Park: Botanical Inventory Highlights And Management Considerations, David Warners, Garrett Crow, Haley Weesies
Plaster Creek Floodplain And Adjacent Ravines Near Stanaback Park: Botanical Inventory Highlights And Management Considerations, David Warners, Garrett Crow, Haley Weesies
Faculty and Professional Research
In the summer of 2021, the research team visited this area of ravines and floodplain a total of twenty-one times to conduct our field research. During the visits, they carefully walked throughout different sections of the study site, identifying each vascular plant species they saw growing there and observing how the flora developed throughout the season. In addition to keeping detailed field notes, they documented permanent records of the findings of our inventory by collecting voucher specimens that have been deposited in the Calvin University Herbarium. Additionally, they sent duplicate specimens to the Michigan State University Herbarium and/or University of …
Botanical Inventory Highlights And Management Considerations For Covenant Park, David Warners, Garrett Crow, Haley Weesies
Botanical Inventory Highlights And Management Considerations For Covenant Park, David Warners, Garrett Crow, Haley Weesies
Faculty and Professional Research
In the spring and summer of 2021, Calvin University students and faculty conducted a botanical inventory and assessment of the natural areas in Covenant Park, located at 3724 Shaffer Avenue SE, Kentwood, MI 49512. Given that the property was recently acquired by the City of Kentwood Parks & Recreation, the purpose of this inventory is to inform Kentwood Parks and Recreation staff about the site’s floristic quality, diversity, and ecological significance. The specific objectives of this study are to 1) provide a comprehensive inventory of the species of plants occurring on the property, 2) identify particular areas that would benefit …
Author Correction: Herbivorous Turtle Ants Obtain Essential Nutrients From A Conserved Nitrogen-Recycling Gut Microbiome (Nature Communications (2018), Yi Hu, Jon G. Sanders, Piotr Łukasik, Catherine L. D'Amelio, Mark P. Schotanus, John T. Wertz
Author Correction: Herbivorous Turtle Ants Obtain Essential Nutrients From A Conserved Nitrogen-Recycling Gut Microbiome (Nature Communications (2018), Yi Hu, Jon G. Sanders, Piotr Łukasik, Catherine L. D'Amelio, Mark P. Schotanus, John T. Wertz
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
The originally published version of the Supplementary Information file associated with this Article contained an error in Supplementary Figure 3. Panel b was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of panel a. The error has now been fixed and the corrected version of the Supplementary Information PDF is available to download from the HTML version of the Article.
Herbivorous Turtle Ants Obtain Essential Nutrients From A Conserved Nitrogen-Recycling Gut Microbiome, Yi Hu, Jon G. Sanders, Piotr Łukasik, Catherine L. D'Amelio, Mark P. Schotanus
Herbivorous Turtle Ants Obtain Essential Nutrients From A Conserved Nitrogen-Recycling Gut Microbiome, Yi Hu, Jon G. Sanders, Piotr Łukasik, Catherine L. D'Amelio, Mark P. Schotanus
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Nitrogen acquisition is a major challenge for herbivorous animals, and the repeated origins of herbivory across the ants have raised expectations that nutritional symbionts have shaped their diversification. Direct evidence for N provisioning by internally housed symbionts is rare in animals; among the ants, it has been documented for just one lineage. In this study we dissect functional contributions by bacteria from a conserved, multi-partite gut symbiosis in herbivorous Cephalotes ants through in vivo experiments, metagenomics, and in vitro assays. Gut bacteria recycle urea, and likely uric acid, using recycled N to synthesize essential amino acids that are acquired by …
Saccharedens Versatilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A Sugar-Degrading Member Of The Burkholderiales Isolated From Cephalotes Rohweri Ant Guts, Jonathan Y. Lin, William J. Hobson, John T. Wertz
Saccharedens Versatilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A Sugar-Degrading Member Of The Burkholderiales Isolated From Cephalotes Rohweri Ant Guts, Jonathan Y. Lin, William J. Hobson, John T. Wertz
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Cephalotes ‘turtle’ ants host a core group of gut–associated symbionts, but their potential contributions to ant nutrition and disease resistance remain uncharacterized in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic capability of core symbionts belonging to the Burkholderiales, we cultivated and characterized strain CAG32T from the guts of Cephalotes rohweri ants. Strain CAG32T was rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, motile and formed pale-white colonies on trypticase soy agar. Optimum growth occurred under an atmosphere of 20% O2 supplemented with 1% CO2. Strain CAG32T grew under NaCl concentrations of 0–2.0%, temperatures of 23–47 °C and pH values of 4.0–8.0, and was capable …
Plaster Creek Bacterial Monitoring And Source Tracking Project - Final Report, Randall J. Dejong
Plaster Creek Bacterial Monitoring And Source Tracking Project - Final Report, Randall J. Dejong
Faculty and Professional Research
The objective of this project was to identify important sources of bacterial loading in Plaster Creek (Kent County). The following goals were set to reach this objective: 1) the relative contributions of bacterial loading for 10 major tributaries will be assessed and the five most egregious contributors will be prioritized; 2) molecular markers will be used to try to identify the primary taxonomic sources, and 3) to pinpoint bacterial loading locations using molecular markers and scent-trained canines in sub-watersheds.
Ventosimonas Gracilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A Member Of The Gammaproteobacteria Isolated From Cephalotes Varians Ant Guts Representing A New Family, Ventosimonadaceae Fam. Nov., Within The Order ‘Pseudomonadales’, Jonathan Y. Lin, William J. Hobson, John T. Wertz
Ventosimonas Gracilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., A Member Of The Gammaproteobacteria Isolated From Cephalotes Varians Ant Guts Representing A New Family, Ventosimonadaceae Fam. Nov., Within The Order ‘Pseudomonadales’, Jonathan Y. Lin, William J. Hobson, John T. Wertz
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Cephalotes ‘turtle’ ants are known to harbor a core group of gut symbionts, including members belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. Here, we describe the cultivation and characterization of strain CV58T, a novel member of the Gammaproteobacteria order Pseudomonadales isolated from the guts of the ant Cephalotes varians. Strain CV58T was rod-shaped, Gram-stainnegative, non-motile and formed pale-yellow colonies on trypticase soy agar. Optimum growth occurred under an atmosphere of 4-20% (v/v) O2. Growth was possible for strain CV58Tat NaCl concentrations of 0-1.5% (w/v), temperatures of 23-40 °C, and pH values of 5.5-8.5. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 54.9 mol% …
Cephaloticoccus Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of ‘Verrucomicrobia’ Containing Two Novel Species Isolated From Cephalotes Ant Guts, Jonathan Y. Lin, Jacob A. Russell, Jon G. Sanders, John T. Wertz
Cephaloticoccus Gen. Nov., A New Genus Of ‘Verrucomicrobia’ Containing Two Novel Species Isolated From Cephalotes Ant Guts, Jonathan Y. Lin, Jacob A. Russell, Jon G. Sanders, John T. Wertz
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Two novel members of the bacterial phylum ‘Verrucomicrobia’, strains CAG34T and CV41T, were isolated from the guts of Cephalotes rohweri and Cephalotes varians ants, respectively. Strains CAG34T and CV41T were coccoid, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, and formed creamcoloured colonies on trypticase soy agar. Optimum growth occurred under an atmosphere of 12-20% O2 and 1% CO2 for both strains, although strain CV41T could not grow without supplemental CO2. Growth was possible under NaCl concentrations of 0.5-1.5% (w/v) and temperatures of 23-37 °C for both strains, and pH values of 6.9-7.7 for strain CAG34T and 6.9-7.3 for strain CV41T. The G+C content of the …
Biological Surveys Of Selected Lower Grand River Streams: Ionia, Kent, Muskegon, And Ottawa Counties, Michigan, August-September 2014, Michigan Department Of Environmental Quality Water Resources Division
Biological Surveys Of Selected Lower Grand River Streams: Ionia, Kent, Muskegon, And Ottawa Counties, Michigan, August-September 2014, Michigan Department Of Environmental Quality Water Resources Division
Faculty and Professional Research
The biologic integrity and physical habitat conditions of the lower Grand River (Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 04050006) and selected tributaries were surveyed during August and September 2014 by staff of the Surface Water Assessment Section (SWAS), Water Resources Division (WRD). The objectives of this study were to: 1. Evaluate the attainment status of the other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife (OIALW) designated use. 2. Identify and investigate effects of nonpoint sources (NPS) of pollution. 3. Satisfy monitoring requests submitted by internal and external customers.
Cluster M Mycobacteriophages Bongo, Pegleg, And Rey With Unusually Large Repertoires Of Trna Isotypes, Welkin H. Pope, Kirk R. Anders, Madison Baird, Charles A. Bowman
Cluster M Mycobacteriophages Bongo, Pegleg, And Rey With Unusually Large Repertoires Of Trna Isotypes, Welkin H. Pope, Kirk R. Anders, Madison Baird, Charles A. Bowman
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Genomic analysis of a large set of phages infecting the common host Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 shows that they span considerable genetic diversity. There are more than 20 distinct types that lack nucleotide similarity with each other, and there is considerable diversity within most of the groups. Three newly isolated temperate mycobacteriophages, Bongo, PegLeg, and Rey, constitute a new group (cluster M), with the closely related phages Bongo and PegLeg forming subcluster M1 and the more distantly related Rey forming subcluster M2. The clusterMmycobacteriophages have siphoviral morphologies with unusually long tails, are homoimmune, and have larger than average genomes (80.2 to …
Cluster M Mycobacteriophages Bongo, Pegleg, And Rey With Unusually Large Repertoires Of Trna Isotypes, Welkin H. Pope, Kirk R. Anders, Madison Baird, Charles A. Bowman
Cluster M Mycobacteriophages Bongo, Pegleg, And Rey With Unusually Large Repertoires Of Trna Isotypes, Welkin H. Pope, Kirk R. Anders, Madison Baird, Charles A. Bowman
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Genomic analysis of a large set of phages infecting the common host Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 shows that they span considerable genetic diversity. There are more than 20 distinct types that lack nucleotide similarity with each other, and there is considerable diversity within most of the groups. Three newly isolated temperate mycobacteriophages, Bongo, PegLeg, and Rey, constitute a new group (cluster M), with the closely related phages Bongo and PegLeg forming subcluster M1 and the more distantly related Rey forming subcluster M2. The clusterMmycobacteriophages have siphoviral morphologies with unusually long tails, are homoimmune, and have larger than average genomes (80.2 to …
Endothelial Cell Stimulation Overcomes Restriction And Promotes Productive And Latent Hiv-1 Infection Of Resting Cd4+ T Cells, Anding Shen, Jacob J. Baker, Geoffrey L. Scott, Yelena P. Davis
Endothelial Cell Stimulation Overcomes Restriction And Promotes Productive And Latent Hiv-1 Infection Of Resting Cd4+ T Cells, Anding Shen, Jacob J. Baker, Geoffrey L. Scott, Yelena P. Davis
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is able to suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to undetectable levels in the majority of patients, but eradication has not been achieved because latent viral reservoirs persist, particularly in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. It is generally understood that HIV-1 does not efficiently infect resting CD4+ T cells, and latent infection in those cells may arise when infected CD4+ T lymphoblasts return to resting state. In this study, we found that stimulation by endothelial cells can render resting CD4+ T cells permissible for direct HIV infection, includingboth productive and latent infection. These stimulated T …
Genomic And Physiological Characterization Of The Verrucomicrobia Isolate Diplosphaera Colitermitum Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., Reveals Microaerophily And Nitrogen Fixation Genes, John T. Wertz, Eunji Kim, John A. Breznak, Thomas M. Schmidt
Genomic And Physiological Characterization Of The Verrucomicrobia Isolate Diplosphaera Colitermitum Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., Reveals Microaerophily And Nitrogen Fixation Genes, John T. Wertz, Eunji Kim, John A. Breznak, Thomas M. Schmidt
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Previously we reported the cultivation of novel verrucomicrobia, including strain TAV2 (93% 16S rRNA gene identity to its nearest cultivated representative, Opitutus terreae PB90-1) from the gut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. To gain better insight into the Verrucomicrobia as a whole and understand the role of verrucomicrobia within the termite gut ecosystem, we analyzed a draft genome and undertook a physiological characterization of TAV2. Strain TAV2 is an autochthonous member of the R. flavipes gut microbiota and groups phylogenetically among diverse Verrucomicrobia from R. flavipes and other termites that are represented by 16S rRNA gene sequences alone. TAV2 is …
Cluster K Mycobacteriophages: Insights Into The Evolutionary Origins Of Mycobacteriophage Tm4, Welkin H. Pope, Christina M. Ferreira, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Robert C. Benjamin
Cluster K Mycobacteriophages: Insights Into The Evolutionary Origins Of Mycobacteriophage Tm4, Welkin H. Pope, Christina M. Ferreira, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Robert C. Benjamin
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Five newly isolated mycobacteriophages -Angelica, CrimD, Adephagia, Anaya, and Pixie - have similar genomic architectures to mycobacteriophage TM4, a previously characterized phage that is widely used in mycobacterial genetics. The nucleotide sequence similarities warrant grouping these into Cluster K, with subdivision into three subclusters: K1, K2, and K3. Although the overall genome architectures of these phages are similar, TM4 appears to have lost at least two segments of its genome, a central region containing the integration apparatus, and a segment at the right end. This suggests that TM4 is a recent derivative of a temperate parent, resolving a long-standing conundrum …
Evidence Base For The Use Of Selected Complementary And Alternative Therapies By Patients With Diabetes: Preface, Ruth Lindquist, Byron Hoogwerf
Evidence Base For The Use Of Selected Complementary And Alternative Therapies By Patients With Diabetes: Preface, Ruth Lindquist, Byron Hoogwerf
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Stenoxybacter Acetivorans Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., An Acetate-Oxidizing Obligate Microaerophile Among Diverse O2-Consuming Bacteria From Termite Guts, John T. Wertz, John A. Breznak
Stenoxybacter Acetivorans Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., An Acetate-Oxidizing Obligate Microaerophile Among Diverse O2-Consuming Bacteria From Termite Guts, John T. Wertz, John A. Breznak
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
In termite hindguts, fermentative production of acetate - a major carbon and energy source for the insect - depends on efficient removal of inwardly diffusing oxygen by microbes residing on and near the hindgut wall. However, little is known about the identity of these organisms or about the substrate(s) used to support their respiratory activity. A cultivation-based approach was used to isolate O2-consuming organisms from hindguts of Reticulitermes flavipes. A consistently greater (albeit not statistically significant) number of colonies developed under hypoxia (2% [vol/vol] O 2) than under air, and the increase coincided with the appearance of morphologically distinct colonies …
Physiological Ecology Of Stenoxybacter Acetivorans, An Obligate Microaerophile In Termite Guts, John T. Wertz, John A. Breznak
Physiological Ecology Of Stenoxybacter Acetivorans, An Obligate Microaerophile In Termite Guts, John T. Wertz, John A. Breznak
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Stenoxybacter acetivorans is a newly described, obligately microaerophilic β-proteobacterium that is abundant in the acetate-rich hindgut of Reticulitermes. Here we tested the hypotheses that cells are located in the hypoxic, peripheral region of Reticulitermes flavipes hindguts and use acetate to fuel their O2-consuming respiratory activity in situ. Physical fractionation of R. flavipes guts, followed by limited-cycle PCR with S. acetivorans-specific 16S rRNA gene primers, indicated that cells of this organism were indeed located primarily among the microbiota colonizing the hindgut wall. Likewise, reverse transcriptase PCR of hindgut RNA revealed S. acetivorans-specific transcripts for acetate-activating enzymes that were also found in …
Novel Pathway For Induction Of Latent Virus From Resting Cd4+ T Cells In The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/Macaque Model Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Latency, Anding Shen, Hung Chih Yang, Yan Zhou, Amanda J. Chase
Novel Pathway For Induction Of Latent Virus From Resting Cd4+ T Cells In The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/Macaque Model Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Latency, Anding Shen, Hung Chih Yang, Yan Zhou, Amanda J. Chase
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Although combination therapy allows the suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia to undetectable levels, eradication has not been achieved because the virus persists in cellular reservoirs, particularly the latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. We previously established a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model to study latency. We describe here a novel mechanism for the induction of SIV from latently infected resting CD4+ T cells. Several human cell lines including CEMx174 and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines mediated contact-dependent activation of resting macaque T cells and induction of latent SIV. Antibody-blocking assays showed that interactions between …
Testability Properties Of Divergent Trees, Ronald D. Blanton, John P. Hayes
Testability Properties Of Divergent Trees, Ronald D. Blanton, John P. Hayes
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
The testability of a class of regular circuits called divergent trees is investigated under a functional fault model. Divergent trees include such practical circuits as decoders and demultiplexers. We prove that uncontrolled divergent trees are testable with a fixed number of test patterns (C-testable) if and only if the module function is surjective. Testable controlled trees are also surjective but require sensitizing vectors for error propagation. We derive the conditions for testing controlled divergent trees with a test set whose size is proportional to the number of levels p found in the tree (L-testability). By viewing a tree as overlapping …
Amino Acid Substitutions In Membrane-Spanning Domains Of Hol1, A Member Of The Major Facilitator Superfamily Of Transporters, Confer Nonselective Cation Uptake In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Matthew B. Wright, Elizabeth A. Howell, Richard F. Gaber
Amino Acid Substitutions In Membrane-Spanning Domains Of Hol1, A Member Of The Major Facilitator Superfamily Of Transporters, Confer Nonselective Cation Uptake In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Matthew B. Wright, Elizabeth A. Howell, Richard F. Gaber
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
Let A(formula presented) -dimensional compactum and (formula presented)Mn a map into a piecewise linear (formula presented). The main result of this paper asserts that if X is locally (formula presented)-connected and/is (formula presented)-connected, th