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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Genomics
Carbon Metabolism In Cave Subaerial Biofilms, Victoria E. Frazier
Carbon Metabolism In Cave Subaerial Biofilms, Victoria E. Frazier
Masters Theses
Subaerial biofilms (SABs) grow at the interface between the atmosphere and rock surfaces in terrestrial and subterranean environments around the world. Multi-colored SABs colonizing relatively dry and nutrient-limited cave surfaces are known to contain microbes putatively involved in chemolithoautotrophic processes using inorganic carbon like carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4). However, the importance of CO2 and CH4 to SAB biomass production has not been quantified, the environmental conditions influencing biomass production and diversity have not been thoroughly evaluated, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions have yet to be determined from epigenic cave SABs. …
The Full Genome Sequence Of An Antarctic Microbe Constructed Using A Rapid, Portable Sequencer And A Hybrid Assembly, Bruce Wyatt Boles
The Full Genome Sequence Of An Antarctic Microbe Constructed Using A Rapid, Portable Sequencer And A Hybrid Assembly, Bruce Wyatt Boles
EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement
Microbial genomes contain combinations of nucleotides that code for genes which subsequently determines the function of the cell. This information provides significant insight into the unique niche of microbes from extreme environments. Here we use two sequencing technologies, the Oxford Nanopore MinION with accompanying software and Illumina HiSeq, to generate a hybrid genome for a Shewanella strain isolated from an Antarctic glacier. Bioinformatic programs, Albacore and SPAdes, allowed us to decrease the time of genome assembly while also obtaining a large quantity of information related to the Shewanella sp. Our combined approach yielded a high quality genome assembly 5.3 …
Ultramicrobacteria Genome Database Project, Abdullah A. Salim, Tien Tran, Andrew Putt, Terry C. Hazen
Ultramicrobacteria Genome Database Project, Abdullah A. Salim, Tien Tran, Andrew Putt, Terry C. Hazen
EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement
Ultramicrobacteria (UMB) are a largely uncultured, globally abundant, and metabolically active group of bacteria. UMB have cell diameters ≤0.3μm, cell volumes ≤0.1 μm3, and small streamlined genomes. Recent findings indicate that UMB aid in bioremediation and nutrient cycling, but future investigations and comprehension of current findings are skewed by highly variable nomenclature and a lack of databases for functional, genomic, geochemical, or spatial data specific to candidate UMB. We aim to develop a user-friendly open-access database of various UMB candidates linked to an open-access online map where researchers can gather genomic, spatial, and geochemical data. Our comprehensive review of literature …
Bioinformatic And Experimental Approaches For Deeper Metaproteomic Characterization Of Complex Environmental Samples, Ramsunder Mahadevan Iyer
Bioinformatic And Experimental Approaches For Deeper Metaproteomic Characterization Of Complex Environmental Samples, Ramsunder Mahadevan Iyer
Doctoral Dissertations
The coupling of high performance multi-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for characterization of microbial proteins from complex environmental samples has paved the way for a new era in scientific discovery. The field of metaproteomics, which is the study of protein suite of all the organisms in a biological system, has taken a tremendous leap with the introduction of high-throughput proteomics. However, with corresponding increase in sample complexity, novel challenges have been raised with respect to efficient peptide separation via chromatography and bioinformatic analysis of the resulting high throughput data. In this dissertation, various aspects of metaproteomic characterization, including …
Detection, Diversity, And Evolution Of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductases (P450nor), Steven Adam Higgins
Detection, Diversity, And Evolution Of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductases (P450nor), Steven Adam Higgins
Doctoral Dissertations
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a gas responsible for significant ozone layer depletion and contributes to greenhouse effects in Earth’s atmosphere. N2O is primarily generated by denitrification, whereby nitrate (NO3-) or nitrite (NO2-) is converted to gaseous N2O or N2. Teragram quantities of N2O are emitted annually from agricultural soils treated with nitrogenous fertilizers due to the activity of soil microbiota. Although bacteria and fungi harbor genes permitting denitrification, fungi lack NosZ, an enzyme responsible for reducing N2O into inert N2 gas. Historically, scientists have linked fungi …
Comparative Genomics Of Microbial Chemoreceptor Sequence, Structure, And Function, Aaron Daniel Fleetwood
Comparative Genomics Of Microbial Chemoreceptor Sequence, Structure, And Function, Aaron Daniel Fleetwood
Doctoral Dissertations
Microbial chemotaxis receptors (chemoreceptors) are complex proteins that sense the external environment and signal for flagella-mediated motility, serving as the GPS of the cell. In order to sense a myriad of physicochemical signals and adapt to diverse environmental niches, sensory regions of chemoreceptors are frenetically duplicated, mutated, or lost. Conversely, the chemoreceptor signaling region is a highly conserved protein domain. Extreme conservation of this domain is necessary because it determines very specific helical secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of the protein while simultaneously choreographing a network of interactions with the adaptor protein CheW and the histidine kinase CheA. This dichotomous …
Development Of An Experimental And Computational Platform For Enhanced Characterization Of Modified Peptides And Proteins In Environmental Proteomics, Ritin Sharma
Doctoral Dissertations
Over the last decade, mass spectrometry based proteomics has been established as the front-runner in systems-level protein expression studies. However, with the field progressing into research of more and more complex samples, novel challenges have been raised with respect to efficient protein extraction and computational matching. In this dissertation, various aspects in the proteomics workflow, including experimental and computational approaches, have been developed, optimized and systematically evaluated. In this work, some of the critical factors with respect to proteomics sample preparation, like available biomass, detergent removal methods, and intact protein fractionation to achieve deeper proteome measurements were evaluated. The presented …
Functional Cloning And Characterization Of Antibiotic Resistance Genes From The Chicken Gut Microflora, Wei Zhou
Masters Theses
A recent study using human fecal samples in conjunction with a culture-independent approach revealed immense diversity of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in the human gut microflora. We hypothesize that food animal gut microflora also contain diverse and novel AR genes which could contribute to the emergence and transmission of AR in pathogens important in animal and human health. To test this, we examined AR reservoir in chicken gut microflora using a metagenomic, functional cloning method. Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual cecal contents of two free range chickens and two conventionally raised chickens. The DNAs were physically sheered into …