Forest Sciences Commons^™

Selective Recovery Of Corrugated Clippings, Timothy J. Rourke

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Selective recovery of waste corrugated into the kraft and NSSC fractions is gaining in popularity. This selective reuse of fibers enables the papermaker to use more recycled fiber in the linerboard portion of corrugated boxes. It is well documented that 100% recycled paper can be used in the medium while the highest percentage of secondary fibers in the linerboard is 30%. Greater than 30% recycled fiber in the linerboard results in poor runnability. Since reuse of secondary fibers in the medium is already at a maximum, this paper will place more emphasis on the reuse in the linerboard.

The Use Of Electrocoagulation As A Flocculating Aide For Deinking, James L. Schram

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effects of electrocoagulation as a flocculating aide for deinking was evaluated using a "homemade" electrode unit. The unit was inserted into a laboratory-size Voith-Morden forced-air flotation cell. The process of electrocoagulation involves two steps:

1. Reducing the zeta potential of the system to 0.0 mV by pH adjustment.

2. The passing of current through the stock suspension which causes the electrolysis of the water, and thus hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles are produced. These gas bubbles collect ink particles to form solid-gas composites which can be removed more easily using flotation.

The process was evaluated on the forced-air flotation …

Effects Of Site Preparation On Survival And Growth Of Planted Loblolly Pine, John Gorham

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Effects of site preparation on survival and growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on a loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood forest site in East Texas are examined by determining the survival and growth of planted loblolly pine, soil chemical characteristics, and density and height of competing (non-pine) woody stems. Three replications of four site preparation treatments (control, burn, chop, KG blade) resulted in the KG bladed plots having the highest survival, height, and diameter, but the lowest nutrient levels while, also, most effectively controlling competing vegetation. This tends to indicate that the advantages in the initial survival and growth on the …

Vascular Plants Near The Margins Of Their Range In Cedarburg Bog. Part 1. Gymnosperms And Monocots, James A. Reinartz, Gay E. Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

Marginal populations are those located at the extreme or periphery of a species' range. In the context of this paper, marginal populations refer to a geographical periphery rather than to possible ecological margins. A wide ranging species may be composed of several different varieties or ecotypes. Marginal populations of plants are of special interest to plant taxonomists, ecologists, ecological geneticists and biogeographers because they may exhibit different characteristics than more centrally located populations. This is likely because plants at the boundaries of their species' range may experience extreme ecological conditions beyond which they cannot survive.

Aquatic Oligochaeta Of Mud Lake, And Its Inlet And Outlet Stream, Michael E. Smith, Jerry L. Kaster

Field Station Bulletins

Aquatic invertebrates of Wisconsin have been studied extensively, but until recently, little work has been done with aquatic oligochaetes (segmented worms). Much of the previous work was primarily concerned with the tubificid fauna of the Great Lakes (Hiltunen 1961; Howmiller 1972; Howmiller and Beeton 1910; Spencer 1980). Also, Howmiller (1914) described the aquatic Oligochaeta found in the inland waters of Wisconsin, and Howmiller and Loden (1916) provided additional information which contains the most current list of species found in Wisconsin. A study was carried out during May and June 1980 at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Field Station to …

Patterns Of Seedling Establishment In An Old Field, Patrick O'Donnell, Forest Stearns

Field Station Bulletins

Within 100 years after settlement began (ca. 1830), most forest land in the Milwaukee area had been influenced by agriculture. When the land was cleared for cultivation, trees were occasionally left along property boundaries, on steep slopes or in depressions. These trees served to shade the farmer and his livestock and break the wind. Beginning in the 1930's, urbanization and other changes in land use have resulted in abandonment of cultivated fields and pastures and their regrowth to forest or conversion to other uses. The isolated trees provided a continuing source of tree seed. The presence of an isolated tree …

Connquest, Sandra Cookson, D.W. Allinson, G.S. Speer, R.W. Taylor, R.P. Prince, J.W. Bartok, D.W. Protheroe, D.R. Miller

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Effects Of Nip Width On Plybond Separation Of Board During Gravure Printing, Anne L. Liebeknecht

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

W. Hildenbrand, W. Brecht and H.-J. Knittweis did work in Germany in the late 1960's concerning the relationship between roll hardness, pressure and plybond degradation of paper board in a gravure printing process. They showed that softer rubber covered rolls caused a decrease in plybond strength. Increased pressure at the nip also caused a similar decrease. This study attempted to quantify these decreases, but was unable to produce acceptable data. Poor samples and inconsistencies in the BRDA plybond test machine are the probable causes of the high variation in the data.

Decay Rates And Nutrient Dynamics In Confines And Nonconfined Leaf Litter In The Great Dismal Swamp, R. Frederick K. Yates

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

This study was designed to quantitatively compare decay rates and nutrient dynamics by the confined and unconfined litter techniques in a seasonally flooded swamp. In this study both methods indicated the same order of decay rates among sites (cedar>maple-gum>cypress> mixed hardwood), but the unconfined method showed faster decay rates at all sites. As in two years of previous data collection, the stands exhibiting some seasonal flooding showed greater decay rates than the mixed hardwood stand which was not inundated. Nutrient dynamics were not different between litter bag and leaf pack methods.

This study included a preliminary investigation of …

Effects Of Three Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On Sweetgum Seedlings From Nine Mother Trees, Richard C. Schultz, Paul P. Kormanik, William C. Bryan

Richard C. Schultz

Soil in microplots was infested with three vesicular-arbuscular (VA) symbionts then sown with seed of half-sib progeny from nine sweetgum mother trees. The VA treatments were Glomus fasciculatus, Glomus spp. (a mixture containing both Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatus), or a VA mixture of several fungi from the genera Glomus and Gigaspora. Before the seed was sown, all plots had calcium standardized and received an application of commercial fertilizer. During the growing season, NH4NO3 was applied to all plots in equal portions. Mycorrhizal seedlings with G. fasciculatus were slightly but not significantly larger in both height and root-collar diameter than …

Preliminary Critical Area Survey Of The Appalachian Trail In Maine, Critical Areas Program (Maine)

Maine Collection

Preliminary Critical Area Survey of the Appalachian Trail in Maine.
Critical Areas Program - Natural Resource Planning Division - Maine State Planning Office (June 1981).

Rare Vascular Plants Of Maine : A Critical Areas Program Report, Susan C. Gawler, L. M. Eastman

Maine Collection

Rare Vascular Plants of Maine : A Critical Areas Program Report

Based on Rare Vascular Maine Plants (1978) with Additional Herbarium Data and Rare Plants Information by L.M. Eastman.

Introduction, Criteria, Annotated Rare Plant List, Species Accounts, Additional Herbarium Data, County & Town Index Editing by Susan C. Gawler.

Executive Department, State Planning Office, 189 State Street, Augusta, Maine, 04333 (June 1981).

Contents: Acknowledgements / List of Tables / List of Figures / Part One: Introduction / Part Two: List of the Rare Vascular Plants of Maine / Part Three: Species Accounts / Part Four: Subspecific Taxa / Appendices / …

The Effects Of Freeze-Drying On The Strength Characteristics Of Naturally Aged Book Papers, Steven D. Sarokin

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Libraries occasionally have water main breaks, fires and floods. These disasters cause considerable water damage to thousands of books. Books that are left wet on the shelves will grow mold. Books that are quickly frozen and eventually freeze-dried can be restored to the shelf in good condition. Several libraries have used freeze-drying for this purpose and have had great success.

Freeze-drying is a process used to remove frozen liquid from a substance. The moist material is frozen and put in a vacuum. A high vacuum with some heat introduced will cause the frozen liquid to sublime. A dry-porous structure is …

Vegetation Responses To Prescribed Burning In A Mixed-Conifer Woodland, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, California, Bradford D. Martin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study reports the results of light intensity prescribed burning on the vegetation of 3 jeffrey pine-black oak woodland sites in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, California. The 1.2 ha, 85 ha, and 6 ha burn plots were measured for tree and shrub density and basal area 6 months, 1% years, and 2 years following burning for the 3 sites respectively. Each burn site measured was compared against equivalent unburned control plots to help assess the effects of the burning. Density of saplings, seedlings, and herbaceous vegetation was also determined for the woodland understories. Dominance and relative dominance of herbaceous ground …

Percival P. Baxter: A Comment, Edward O. Schriver

Maine History

This article analyzes Governor Baxter’s search over the years to find a rational understanding of the term “wilderness.”

Percival P. Baxter: The Wilderness Concept, John W. Hakola

Maine History

This article discusses the controversies and challenges presented to Baxter State Park owing to differing opinions of the meaning of "wilderness."

Microorganisms In Milwaukee Rivers, Joseph Gergerich, Forest Stearns

Field Station Bulletins

Fecal coliform bacteria have long been used as indicators of water pollution (Standard Methods, 1976). However, factors that influence the coliform population in natural water bodies may alter the relationships between the coliform bacteria and fecal pollution and hence the usefulness of the organisims as indicators. This study examined the volunteer, non-native vegetation of urban Racine. Various sites were examined, some stable, others subject to continuous disturbance; plant communities were characterized and compared.

Microclimate Weather Data For 1978 And 1979 At The University Of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Field Station, Larry Smith, Steven Kroeger, Jim Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

The UWM Field Station has measured precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed, and barometric pressure continuously since December 29, 1969. These data were recorded at three weather stations each located within a different vegetation type all within 0.8 km of each other. The main station is located near the Field Station laboratory building in an open field. This station measures all of the above parameters. The two satellite stations, one in a beech-maple forest and the other in a tamarack-white cedar bog, measure precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity only. This paper summarizes and compares the data collected at …

Volunteer Urban Vegetation Of Racine, Wisconsin, Cecile Boehmer, Forest Stearns

Field Station Bulletins

We have only meagre knowledge of the composition and the functions performed by vegetation in Wisconsin cities. The records of the U.S. Government Land Survey conducted in the 1830s provide information on the presettlement vegetation. Likewise, the notes and letters of settlers and early residents speak of the plants they found here, or brought with them. We know less about the vegetation now growing in our cities.

The Influence Of Fines On An Alkyl Ketene Dimer Synthetic Sizing Agent, Andrea S. Coyle

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It is the purpose of this thesis to attempt to evaluate the influence of fines on a alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) synthetic sizing agent and to study the role of fines on sizing.

It was found that the addition of fines lowered the degree of sizing in the sheet. Since there was more surface area available when fines were increased, more sizing agent was necessary in order to obtain the same level of sizing with a Hercules or Cobb Size Test. Since the amount of sizing agent was held constant, sizing decreased as a result of the addition of fines. …

Coagulation And Flocculation Of Flexographic Ink Washwaters By Various Organic And Inorganic Polymers, Jack R. Bray

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A review of flocculation is presented. Included is a discussion concerning the factors controlling pigment and heavy metal removal via flocculation treatment. Also included is a brief background on the regulatory status concerning the heavy metals contained in flexographic inks. A detailed experimental procedure involving the use of jar tests and several industrial polymers is included along with the analyses performed.

It is found that flocculation treatment of flexographic washwaters produces excellent results with respect to clarity and heavy metals removal. In most cases flocculation at an optimum concentration followed by simple gravitational settling resulted in heavy metals removal well …

The Effect Of Hlb Factor On Surfactants Used In Flotation Deinking, Thomas H. Berger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study is to determine the role of surfactants in flotation deinking through the use of their HLB factors. As an aside a comparison of surfactant and a product called Serfax NP-10 was made along with a study looking at the effect of surfactants and Serfax on a closed water system. It was found that an HLB of 13.5 worked best for flotation deinking and this points to the conclusion that the surfactant is working as a detergent. The Serfax product seemed to work as well as the best surfactant without any detrimental results in the closed …

The Effect Of Oxygen Treatment Of Thermomechanical Pulp On Strength And Hydrosulfite Bleachability, Robert L. Deamico

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The literature review for this thesis was done on the expectation of acquiring an ozone generator for experimental work. This expectation was never realized. Consequently, a low consistency oxygen treatment under mild alkaline conditions and room temperature was done instead. The two major considerations were to determine the effect of this treatment on strength properties and development, and on hydrosulfite bleachability. It was found that the brightness of the pulp was reduced on alkaline oxygen treatment, but pretreatment increased the bursting strength development caused by hydrosulfite bleaching, at the same freeness level. A substantial reduction in freeness level was experienced …

The Role Of Cationic Polymers In Water Removal On A Paper Machine, Paul T. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Cationic polymers have often been termed as both retention and/or drainage aids. A distinction was made between these two terms. Essentially drainage aids should be viewed as dewatering aids and retention aids should be viewed as those polymers that give superior retention. These effects may be interrelated, therefore the dominant characteristic should be used to classify these polymers. There have been many claimed benefits associated with the use of these cationic polymers in stock furnishes. The author felt that claimed dewatering benefits were mostly a matter of conjecture and contradictions existed. Therefore a pilot. paper machine study was designed to …

The Effect Of High Frequency Sinusoidal Strains On The Strength Properties Of Paper, Robert Mcqueary

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various high frequency sinusoidal strains on the strength properties of a paper cone in a loud speaker. The stresses developed during sound propagation were approximated by applying viscoelastic theories to the paper cone's mode of response. This analysis indicated the stresses developed would be indirectly proportional to the square of the frequency in Hertz. Also relevent is the Boltzmann superposition principle which states that if a second strain is applied before the first strain is dissipated, the resultant strains are additive.

Sets of speakers were operated continuously for 120 …

Improving The Performance Of The Finckh Screen, Michael J. Ryan Iv

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

As dewatering of the stock occurs around the screen basket of a Finckh pressurized, inward flow pulp screen, from 0 to 360 degrees, stock mass flow through the outer screen annulus decreases. Some sections of the screen basket hence handle more stock than other sections.

Stock velocity is dependent on mass flow through an area. Stock velocity is critical to fiber orientation, which is in turn critical to screening.

A volute, much like a tapered manifold header, would decrease the area available for stock flow. This will maintain stock velocity around the full circumference of the screen basket.

A volute …

Increasing The Operating Consistency Of The Finckh Pressurized Screen, Jose Serrano

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to increase the operating consistency of The FINCKH pressurized screen. The main objective was to obtain good, efficient pulp cleaning at consistencies greater than 0.8%, and to observe the fractionating ability of the screen.

Cleaning efficiencies based on the removal of shives present in Groundwood were obtained in the order of 45%. Control runs were made at 0.7% consistency.

Installation of a linoleum volute - shaped element on the feed side of the screening zone, increased the velocity of the stock at low consistency (0.7%) without affecting the cleaning efficiency. At high consistency (1.26%) …

The Effects Of Cationic Valence On Wash Deinking Of Newsprint, Lawrence E. Mcenroe

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effects of cationic valence were tested against final pulp brightness in the wash deinking process on newsprint. The electrolytes used were AlCl₃,CaCl₂ and NaCl. The concentrations were varied from 8.32 x 10^-4 M to 100 times that amount on all three electrolytes. The effects were studied on the wash water and the cooking liquor seperately, using deionized water as a control run. It was found that there was a noticeable loss of brightness even at the lowest level of electrolyte addition in both the wash water trials and the cooking liquor trials. The effect was …

Flotation As A Method Of Separating Shot Particles From Mineral Wool Fibers, Thomas C. Harrison

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this thesis is to determine whether flotation will succeed as a method of separating shot from mineral wool fibers. The methods of manufacturing mineral wool are explored in detail. Also the three types of mineral wool (dark wool, white wool and ceramic fiber) are examined for properties. Various current and possible methods of separation are explored and discussed. The fibers were floated in a Voith flotation cell, and the floated fibers, as well as some of the virgin fibers, were classified in a Clark classifier. This was done in order to attempt to determine the effect of …

Alternate Population Limitation Strategies For Feral Horses, Michael L. Wolfe

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.