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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Forest Sciences
Tb202: Composition And Biomass Of Forest Floor Vegetation In Experimentally Acidified Paired Watersheds At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, Peter Kenlan, G. B. Wiersma, A. S. White, I. J. Fernandez
Tb202: Composition And Biomass Of Forest Floor Vegetation In Experimentally Acidified Paired Watersheds At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, Peter Kenlan, G. B. Wiersma, A. S. White, I. J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
The percentage cover (abundance), frequency of occurrence, biomass, species richness, and species diversity of understory herbs was measured on a paired watershed ecosystem in eastern Maine, USA. This paired watershed site (Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, BBWM) has had the West Bear Brook Watershed treated bi-monthly with granular ammonium sulfate at a rate of 28.8 kg S ha-1 yr-1 and 25.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1 since 1989. East Bear Brook Watershed serves as the reference site. More than 100 plots were randomly located across the two watersheds. The data suggest that there is generally a lower frequency of occurrence of …
Tb200: Carbon And Nutrients In Maine Forest Soils, Ivan J. Fernandez
Tb200: Carbon And Nutrients In Maine Forest Soils, Ivan J. Fernandez
Technical Bulletins
Recent public concerns surrounding climate change and greenhouse gas emissions have resulted in a lively debate about approaches to fossil fuel offsets and carbon (C) sequestration in forests. The forest community sees opportunities for the intensification of the use of forests for markets ranging from forest products, such as fuel or fuel feedstock, to a range of new bioproducts. This report provides initial insights from an ongoing effort to synthesize forest soils data for Maine. The specific objectives presented here were (1) to develop descriptive statistics for C and measures of available forms of the essential nutrients N, P, and …
Tb197: Forest Biomass Estimates In Maine:Statewide, County, And Spatial, Kenneth M. Laustsen
Tb197: Forest Biomass Estimates In Maine:Statewide, County, And Spatial, Kenneth M. Laustsen
Technical Bulletins
In Maine, statewide biomass estimates have increased from 752 million dry tons in 1982 to 980 million dry tons in a 2003 estimate. These estimates are produced using Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) data collected during Maine’s periodic and now annualized inventory design. The Maine Forest Service began tracking and reporting on wood flows of biomass in 1986. For the last 20 years (1986–2005) the total annual harvesting of all products has ranged between 6 and 7 million cords, extracted from a standing inventory that is currently estimated to be 277 million cords. The objectives of this current study were …
Tb196: Temperature, Soil Moisture, And Streamflow At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine (Bbwm), Ivan J. Fernandez, Joseph E. Karem, Stephen A. Norton, Lindsey E. Rustad
Tb196: Temperature, Soil Moisture, And Streamflow At The Bear Brook Watershed In Maine (Bbwm), Ivan J. Fernandez, Joseph E. Karem, Stephen A. Norton, Lindsey E. Rustad
Technical Bulletins
The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine is a whole-ecosystem chemical manipulation initiated in 1987 to study the effects of acid deposition on forests and surface waters. The focus of this research was to understand the biogeochemical response of watersheds with emphasis on chemistry and hydrology. In 2001 a program was initiated to provide more detailed measurements of temperature and moisture to examine critical linkages amongst chemical, biological, and physical processes that ultimately work together to define ecosystem function. The purpose of this publication is to provide data from the initial phase of soil temperature, air temperature, and soil moisture measurements …
Tb195: Element Concentrations In Maine Forest Vegetation And Soils, Chandra J. Mcgee, Ivan J. Fernandez, Stephen A. Norton, Constance S. Stubbs
Tb195: Element Concentrations In Maine Forest Vegetation And Soils, Chandra J. Mcgee, Ivan J. Fernandez, Stephen A. Norton, Constance S. Stubbs
Technical Bulletins
Bioaccumulation of trace metals in plant tissues can present a health risk to wildlife, and potentially to humans. The Passamaquoddy Tribe in Maine was concerned about health risks of cadmium (Cd) because of a health advisory for moose liver and kidney consumption due to high Cd levels. In addition to Cd, this study evaluated concentrations of aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in four common terrestrial moose-browse species, associated forest soils, and two species of aquatic vegetation on Passamaquoddy tribal land in eastern …
Tb187: Forest Vegetation Monitoring In Acadia National Park, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma, J. A. Elvir
Tb187: Forest Vegetation Monitoring In Acadia National Park, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma, J. A. Elvir
Technical Bulletins
The goal of this report is to present the results of the vegetation component of the PRIMENet study at Acadia. The results include a classification of vegetation types and their locations within Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds; a synthesis of the primary and meta tree, sapling, and seedling data from the two study watersheds; and foliar chemical analyses using Acer rubrum and Picea rubens from Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds. This report provides the baseline information for long-term forest vegetation monitoring in the deciduous and coniferous forests in Cadillac Brook and Hadlock Brook watersheds. Ongoing interest and studies …
Tb186: Assessing Silviculture Research Priorities For Maine Using Wood Supply Analysis, Robert G. Wagner, Ernest H. Bowling, Robert S. Seymour
Tb186: Assessing Silviculture Research Priorities For Maine Using Wood Supply Analysis, Robert G. Wagner, Ernest H. Bowling, Robert S. Seymour
Technical Bulletins
To identify the highest priorities for silviculture research in Maine, the authors of this report quantified the absolute and relative influence of future silvicultural investments (tree planting, herbicide application, and PCT) and commercial thinning on projected harvest levels and future wood supplies in Maine. They also quantified the absolute and relative importance of the growth and yield assumptions (via sensitivity analysis) used in estimating the influence of these silvicultural treatments on projected harvest levels and future wood supplies in Maine; and based on the absolute and relative importance of the growth and yield assumptions and on the influence of differing …
Tb180: Baseline Data For Long-Term Forest Vegetation Monitoring At Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma
Tb180: Baseline Data For Long-Term Forest Vegetation Monitoring At Bear Brook Watershed In Maine, J. D. Eckhoff, G. B. Wiersma
Technical Bulletins
This report includes comprehensive information on the primary and meta forest vegetation data assembled from Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). This information represents the first in-depth inventory of the forest vegetation, both woody and non-woody in multiple strata, within the two watersheds initially established at BBWM, West Bear and East Bear, and also the areas adjacent to the east and west of these watersheds. For long-term monitoring of vegetation responses to the continued manipulations and/or the recovery of the ecosystems at BBWM, access to the vegetation baseline information contained within this report is essential.
Tb178: Methods For Evaluating Carbon Fractions In Forest Soils: A Review, Jennifer L. Evans, Ivan J. Fernandez, Lindsey E. Rustad, Stephen A. Norton
Tb178: Methods For Evaluating Carbon Fractions In Forest Soils: A Review, Jennifer L. Evans, Ivan J. Fernandez, Lindsey E. Rustad, Stephen A. Norton
Technical Bulletins
This publication was developed as part of an effort to evaluate the existing methodologies for determining carbon fractions in soils that might be applied to the question of forest soil C sequestration. A great deal of research has been done on this topic although often focused on agronomic soils. Forest land managers will be increasingly interested in identifying methods to monitor and to evaluate the effects of forest practices on soil C reserves. As well researchers are interested in this and the logical linkages to N cycling. Ultimately practical methods that can be widely utilized will be needed; these may …
Tb162: Red Maple And White Pine Litter Quality: Initial Changes With Decomposition, Mairin T. Delaney, Ivan J. Fernandez, Jeffrey A. Simmons, Russel D. Briggs
Tb162: Red Maple And White Pine Litter Quality: Initial Changes With Decomposition, Mairin T. Delaney, Ivan J. Fernandez, Jeffrey A. Simmons, Russel D. Briggs
Technical Bulletins
The specific objectives of this study were (a) to define the organic and inorganic composition of foliar litter from red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and (b) to determine the shifts in the organic and inorganic composition of these two litter types during the initial stages of decomposition. These two species were chosen because of their prominence in the northeastern U.S. and the contrast they afforded in litter quality characteristics which have a strong influence on litter decomposition.
Tb159: Drought And Cold Stress-Induced Morphometric Changes In Tree Rings Of Red Spruce, Richard Jagels, James Hornbeck, Susan Marden
Tb159: Drought And Cold Stress-Induced Morphometric Changes In Tree Rings Of Red Spruce, Richard Jagels, James Hornbeck, Susan Marden
Technical Bulletins
Morphometric analysis of individual, key growth rings might provide a way of establishing “fingerprints” or unique patterns for growth rings produced following different natural or anthropogenic stresses.
Tb152: The Effect Of Juvenile Wood On The Properties Of Aspen Flakeboard, Kenneth D. Roos, James E. Shottafer, Robert K. Shepard
Tb152: The Effect Of Juvenile Wood On The Properties Of Aspen Flakeboard, Kenneth D. Roos, James E. Shottafer, Robert K. Shepard
Technical Bulletins
While the effects of juvenile wood tissue on solid wood products and paper have been known for some time, little information is available regarding its influence on structural flakeboard. Juvenile and mature wood tissue were identified b y their physical and mechanical properties in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Sections of juvenile and mature wood were separated from 1-foot bolts of aspen. These sections were used to prepare three distinct types of structural flakeboard : juvenile wood-based, mature wood-based, and one formed from an equal mixture of the two. The panels were tested for selected mechanical and physical properties. The …
Tb149: Wood Property-Age Relationships Of Natural And Plantation-Grown Red Pine, Robert K. Shepard, James E. Shottafer
Tb149: Wood Property-Age Relationships Of Natural And Plantation-Grown Red Pine, Robert K. Shepard, James E. Shottafer
Technical Bulletins
This study examined changes in specific gravity, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity with age for a natural stand and two plantations. It also examined differences in wood properties between the three stands and the effects of important variables on, and their interactions with, wood properties. Wood property data were obtained from microbending specimens selected at breast height from five trees in each stand.
Tb141: Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Growth And Value Of Eastern White Pine Sawlog Stands On Till And Outwash Soils, Robert K. Shepard, Gregory A. Reams
Tb141: Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Growth And Value Of Eastern White Pine Sawlog Stands On Till And Outwash Soils, Robert K. Shepard, Gregory A. Reams
Technical Bulletins
Diameter growth response functions were developed using data collected from nitrogen fertilization study plots in eastern white pine stands on till and outwash soils. These functions were combined with height measurements and used to evaluate stand volume and value growth. White pine diameter growth functions were developed for application rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 lb of nitrogen/ac, but only those for the 0 and 100 lb/ac treatments were compared because it was evident that the 100 lb/ac treatment would provide a larger financial return than either 50 or 200 lb/ac. The mean increase in sawtimber volume due to …
Tb139: Stand Age And Density Effects On Volume And Specific Gravity Of Black Spruce, Robert K. Shepard, James E. Shottafer, William C. Bragg
Tb139: Stand Age And Density Effects On Volume And Specific Gravity Of Black Spruce, Robert K. Shepard, James E. Shottafer, William C. Bragg
Technical Bulletins
Ten dominant or codominant trees were sampled from a 29-year-old black spruce stand, released at age 19, and ten of comparable dbh from a 77-year-old, unthinned stand. A variety of characteristics, including taper, volume, and specific gravity of the bole, as well as the change in specific gravity with age at breast height, were determined for trees from both stands. The older trees had significantly less taper, shorter crowns, approximately 1.9 times more merchantable volume and 10% higher specific gravity. The juvenile period for specific gravity was approximately 60 years. The higher specific gravity and merchantable volume of the older …
Tb131: Tree Improvement In The Northeast: Interim Summary And Recommendations For Selected Species, K. K. Carter, D. H. Dehayes, M. E. Demeritt Jr., R. T. Eckert
Tb131: Tree Improvement In The Northeast: Interim Summary And Recommendations For Selected Species, K. K. Carter, D. H. Dehayes, M. E. Demeritt Jr., R. T. Eckert
Technical Bulletins
This publication of the regional research project NE-27, Genetics and Improvement of Northeastern Trees, is intended to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding genetic variation and tree improvement practices for eleven common tree species in the Northeast. The authors have attempted to summarize the information that will be most useful to forest managers, administrators, and field foresters in this region. Our intent is to be informative, not exhaustive.
Tb127: Age And Thinning Effects On Wood Properties Of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens Sarg.), Michael P. Wolcott, Robert K. Shepard, James E. Shottafer
Tb127: Age And Thinning Effects On Wood Properties Of Red Spruce (Picea Rubens Sarg.), Michael P. Wolcott, Robert K. Shepard, James E. Shottafer
Technical Bulletins
Ten overstory red spruce were selected from a thinned stand and 1 0 from an unthinned stand. Average age of sample trees was approximately 80 years. Specific gravity reached a maximum at age 53 in the thinned stand and age 72 in the unthinned stand, after which it remained relatively constant. Stiffness reached a maximum at ages 35 and 50, and bending strength at ages 41 and 54; both remained relatively constant with further increases in age. Stiffness showed the largest relative difference between juvenile and mature wood, 22%, and specific gravity the smallest difference, 8%. Thinning did not adversely …
Tb125: Fertilization Of Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) In Maine Shows Economic Potential, Robert K. Shepard, Thomas B. Brann
Tb125: Fertilization Of Eastern White Pine (Pinus Strobus L.) In Maine Shows Economic Potential, Robert K. Shepard, Thomas B. Brann
Technical Bulletins
Plots in seven eastern white pine sawlog stands were treated with nitrogen at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 224 kg/ha. After four years the largest increase in basal area growth, 0.31 dm2 /tree, and volume growth, 13.0 m3 /ha, occurred in plots that received 112 kg/ha. It appears that an application rate of 112 kg/ha may provide a real return of 15% or more in some stands.
Tb104: An Analysis Of Moisture Content Variation In Eastern Spruce And Balsam Fir In Maine, James E. Shottafer, Allen M. Brackley
Tb104: An Analysis Of Moisture Content Variation In Eastern Spruce And Balsam Fir In Maine, James E. Shottafer, Allen M. Brackley
Technical Bulletins
This study was undertaken as an attempt to develop some estimate of the characteristic moisture content of green eastern spruce (Picea spp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsame a (L. ) Mill.), employing the methods prescribed under the Maine Weights and Measures Law. Certain procedural factors and conditions of growth were also considered, to evaluate their effect on the moisture content of the wood at the time of harvesting or shortly after cutting.
Tb82: The Potential Of Softwood Thinnings And Standing Dead Softwoods As A Source Of Wood Pulp, Andrew J. Chase, Harold F. Young
Tb82: The Potential Of Softwood Thinnings And Standing Dead Softwoods As A Source Of Wood Pulp, Andrew J. Chase, Harold F. Young
Technical Bulletins
This study was made to determine the potential of softwood thinnings and standing dead softwood as a source of wood pulp, employing the kraft process. In the thinning studies examined eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, balsam fir, norway spruce, red pine, eastern larch, and northern white cedar. The stem (wood and bark) and the top (wood, bark, and needles) and the stem and top combined were pulped. When compared with pulp from a commercial-size softwood species, the thinnings provided pulps of good strength that were slightly undercooked and that had significantly lower yields. The stem portion pulps were superior in …
Tb74: Eastern Spruce Flakeboard Resin Distribution And Decorative Panel Evaluation, Robert A. Kelly, Norman P. Kutscha, Craig E. Shuler
Tb74: Eastern Spruce Flakeboard Resin Distribution And Decorative Panel Evaluation, Robert A. Kelly, Norman P. Kutscha, Craig E. Shuler
Technical Bulletins
A standard urea-formaldehyde liquid adhesive was used in the manufacture of eastern spruce flakeboard panels. The resin application system, resin viscosity, furnish moisture content, and application period were all conducive to the formation of a fine resin spray. The average resin droplet diameter was approximately 20 microns, while the average resin are a coverage, over the entire wood furnish, was 8.05%. Resin distribution in the microscopically observed panel specimens appeared in the form of “spot-welds” and intermittent glue lines. The use of various histological and commercial stains was effective in producing decorative panels.
Tb73: Estimating Heat Consumption In Kiln Drying Lumber, James E. Shottafer, Craig E. Shuler
Tb73: Estimating Heat Consumption In Kiln Drying Lumber, James E. Shottafer, Craig E. Shuler
Technical Bulletins
This report presents one method for systematically estimating heat consumption in a dry kiln. The basis for evaluating heat use is presented along with a description of the specific elements of heat consumption. All necessary physical relationships are described in detail for those who wish to employ them. One point of interest here is the fact that the system described will readily lend itself to the construction of a mathematical model.
Tb71: Fiber Analysis And Distribution In The Leaves, Juvenile Stems And Roots Of Ten Maine Trees And Shrubs, Fay Hyland
Tb71: Fiber Analysis And Distribution In The Leaves, Juvenile Stems And Roots Of Ten Maine Trees And Shrubs, Fay Hyland
Technical Bulletins
The value of woody plants in the paper-making industry is unquestioned. As our present supply of the readily accessible and more valuable species of this natural resource dwindles, it may become necessary to use shrubs and waste from logging operations. This study focuses on the juvenile wood eastern white pine, red spruce, balsam fir, eastern hemlock, gray birch, red maple, quaking aspen, pin cherry, speckled alder, and slender willow.
Tb67: Pilot Study Of The Use Of Pulpwood Chipping Residue For Producing Particleboard In Maine, Craig E. Shuler
Tb67: Pilot Study Of The Use Of Pulpwood Chipping Residue For Producing Particleboard In Maine, Craig E. Shuler
Technical Bulletins
The study was conducted at the School of Forest Resources, University of Maine at Orono, as part of an extended project on the use of northeastern species for particleboard. This particular investigation served as a means to establish a laboratory board-production system, and to gather useful information regarding a specific wood resource of the state of Maine.
Tb65: The Commercial Use Of Puckerbrush Pulp, Andrew J. Chase, Fay Hyland, Harold E. Young
Tb65: The Commercial Use Of Puckerbrush Pulp, Andrew J. Chase, Fay Hyland, Harold E. Young
Technical Bulletins
This study investigates the potential of several local puckerbrush or weed trees and shrubs as sources of fiber for papermaking. Four different pulping processes were used (sulfate, magnesium bisulfite, neutral sulfite semichemical, and cold caustic) with six puckerbrush species (alder, gray birch, red maple, pin cherry, aspen, and willow). Mixtures of puckerbrush species, and commercial chip-puckerbrush species mixtures were pulped by the sulfate process with the objective of producing a pulp that would be suitable for fine-grade papers. The results produced a good grade of bleachable pulp with adequate physical characteristics for most fine paper grades. The other three pulping …
Tb63: Variation In Foliar Nutrient Concentrations In Red Spruce, C. E. Schomaker
Tb63: Variation In Foliar Nutrient Concentrations In Red Spruce, C. E. Schomaker
Technical Bulletins
Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) is an important pulpwood species in northern New England and Canada. Management objectives favor this species and the closely related black spruce (Picea mariana Mill. BSP) on many sites. Foliar nutrient concentrations of unfertilized, economically mature, red spruce trees growing on four different sites and over two- and three-year periods are presented here and compared to foliar concentrations reported by other scientists.
Tb62: The Suitability Of Using Fluorescence Microscopy For Studying Lignification In Balsam Fir, Norman P. Kutscha, Raymond R. Mcormond
Tb62: The Suitability Of Using Fluorescence Microscopy For Studying Lignification In Balsam Fir, Norman P. Kutscha, Raymond R. Mcormond
Technical Bulletins
This publication discusses the advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary fluorescence when examining lignification in balsam fir.
Tb61: Properties Of Plantation Grown Red Pine Related To Its Utilization, James E. Shottafer, Norman P. Kutscha, Richard A. Hale
Tb61: Properties Of Plantation Grown Red Pine Related To Its Utilization, James E. Shottafer, Norman P. Kutscha, Richard A. Hale
Technical Bulletins
This report describes a study that was conducted to evaluate the static bending and compression parallel to the grain properties evident within and among material from 19 plantation-grown red pine trees, and to determine what effect position in the tree, latewood percentage, fibril angle, specific gravity and rate of growth might have on these mechanical properties. The second phase of the study was conducted concurrently with the first to determine what effect position in the tree and specific gravity might have on the characteristics of red pine Kraft pulp. A third investigation evaluated the effect of three dry kiln schedules …
Tb53: The Suitability Of Certain Stains For Studying Lignification In Balsam Fir, Abies Balsamea (L.) Mill, Norman Kutscha, James R. Gray
Tb53: The Suitability Of Certain Stains For Studying Lignification In Balsam Fir, Abies Balsamea (L.) Mill, Norman Kutscha, James R. Gray
Technical Bulletins
An investigation was conducted to examine the suitability of ten staining reactions for studying lignification in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Two experiments were carried out on material collected on two different dates. In each experiment slides of fresh, FAA-killed and FAA-killed celloldin-embedded material of normal and compression wood were stained and evaluated.
Tb49: Puckerbrush Pulping Studies, Andrew J. Chase, Fay Hyland, Harold E. Young
Tb49: Puckerbrush Pulping Studies, Andrew J. Chase, Fay Hyland, Harold E. Young
Technical Bulletins
A study was made of the potential of weed trees and shrubs, called "puckerbrush," native to the state of Maine as a source of fiber for the paper industry. Six species—gray birch, red maple, pin cherry, aspen, alder, and willow—were used in the study. All components of each species were studied separately, including stemwood, branches, roots, and stump. In addition, two mixtures of components of each species were studied: Composite 1, a representative mixture of stem, branches, roots and stump, and Composite 2, a mixture of stem and branches.