Forest Sciences Commons^™

"Supercalendering: The Blackening Reaction And Its Effect On Strength And Optical Properties Of Rotogravure Paper", Valerie Bland

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This senior engineering problem is the study of the mechanism of blackening and methods of measurement for blackening. The effect of blackening is the loss of color and opacity in the sheet. The loss of color results as a darker sheet. There are 3 major variables which cause blackening: moisture content, nip pressures, and roll temperatures. The increase in any of these variables results in blackening. In this experiment, the increase of moisture content produced the most significant blackening. The increase of pressure and increase of temperature produced slight blackening effects. The most blackened sheet occurred at 10% moisture, 200 …

The Analysis Of Wiremark, Karen L. Birks

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Wire Mark is the impression left on the paper web by its initial forming fabric. Wire Mark can be explained as differing levels of density in a sheet. By definition, the ideal formation is a sheet which has completely uniform density. Many changes have occurred in forming fabrics over the years to resolve this problem. The development of double and triple layer wires for a smoother surface have come about. This thesis takes these forming wires and further modifies the surfaces to reduce wire mark patterns. The action is analyzed by several common paper tests, along with the aid of …

Pulp Viscosity Vs. Zero Span Tensile For Determining Pulp Strength, John P. Shulstad

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Pulp viscosity and zero span tensile tests can be used to predict the ultimate fiber strength of pulp fibers. A project to compare the traditional test with the newer zero span tensile test was completed. In order to compare both tests for precision, bleached softwood kraft pulp was disintegrated and made into handsheets. The handsheets were exposed to ION HCL vapor from a few minutes to a few hours to get a range in fiber strength since the HCl degrades the cellulose. Pulp viscosity and zero span tensile tests were completed on the handsheet paper samples. It was observed that …

Effects Of The Addition Of Binder On The Packing Characteristics Of Pigment Particles, Rajesh K. Garg

Masters Theses

This study describes in a quantitative manner the relationships between coating structure and optical properties. Scattering coefficient, gloss and pore volume were measured after applying different blends of polystyrene spheres using various amounts of binder to transparent Mylar film. The coatings were prepared using four proportions of two sizes of polystyrene spheres and varying amount of two binders, starch and latex respectively. Optical properties of coatings were related to changes in coating structure. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure and to facilitate void size measurement. The void size distribution correlated very well with the scattering and …

An Analysis Of Topographic Effects On Landsat Thematic Mapper Image Using Digital Terain Data, Xiaomin Liu

Masters Theses

A comprehensive literature review on the simulation and corrections of topographic variations in remote sensing data was presented. The effects of topography on the scene radiance of LANDSAT thematic mapper (TM) image were examined in the context of the remote sensing of vegetation m Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP).

To simulate the image intensity component due to varying orientation of surface elements, two reflectance models were adopted to generate the synthetic images from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Visual and analytical procedures were developed to register the TM image to the DEM data.

The dark tones of scene radiance …

Prediction Of Forest Type And Productivity Index On Disturbed Sites In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Charlotte Pyle

Masters Theses

A study was conducted in a portion of the permanent vegetation plots established by Uplands Field Research Laboratory in Great Smoky Mountains. The plots were located in the northwestern portion of the park in the vicinity of Cades Cove and Tremont on sites previously disturbed by chestnut blight, logging, fire, farming activities, and livestock grazing. Estimated plot productivity, and data on vegetation, soils, and topographic parameters were available from previous study of these plots. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods to predict forest cover type and plot productivity index score using site and disturbance history-related factors. …

The Effect Of Ph Variation On The Evolution Of Non-Condensible Gases From Hardwood Black Liquors, Gregory Allen Goode

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A distillation process utilizing hardwood black liquor samples from Mead in Escanaba was used to determine the effect of ph on non-condensible gas evolution.

Ph was found to be highly negatively correlated to the volumetric production of non-condensible gas. The correlation for all the black liquor samples tested was found to be greater than -.990. This indicates that as ph increases the volumetric production of non-condensible gas decreases.

Ph was found to be more correlated to the effect of gas volume reduction in the ph range of I 1.5 to 12.5.

Non-condensible gases produced in the fifth and sixth effects …

A Study Of Alkaline Sodium Sulfite Pretreatment Of Spruce During Thermomechanical Pulping, Nagaraju Dendukuri

Masters Theses

A review of literature relating sodium sulfite pretreatment during thermomechanical pulping to pulp physical properties revealed many contradictions. Thermomechanical pulping variables were studied for their effect on pulp physical properties. An improvement in pulp physical properties was observed above 1% sodium sulfite treatment. Regression analysis and analysis of variance showed that there was a significant effect of sodium sulfite on the reduction of shive content, pulp brightness, and tear index. Fiber length, tensile, burst, and density were not found to be significantly affected by the amount of sodium sulfite. Sodium sulfite treatment during thermomechanical pulping showed a negative relationship with …

A Pilot Plant Evaluation Of Selected Hardwood Pulps For Supercalendered Grade B Paper, Devendra Kumar Srivastava

Masters Theses

The proliferation of wood free printing and writing papers suggests the evaluation of hardwood kraft and chemithermomechanical pulps for the manufacture of uncoated rotogravure paper. In this study 100% aspen kraft, 100% eucalyptus kraft, and 50% aspen chemithermomechanical with 50% kraft pulps were used to produce rotogravure paper on as 32" trim Fourdriner paper machine under alkaline papermaking condition.

The machine runnability was smooth using 100% hardwood furnish for the production of rotogravure paper. The paper produced was found suitable for supercalender grade B applications, such as Sunday magazines, inserts, and flyers. The tensile index and tear index values were …

Fire Frequency And The Vegetal Mosaic Of The Utah State University Experimental Forest, Linda L. Wadleigh-Anhold

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A fire history study conducted for the Utah State University (USU) Experimental Forest using three distinct periods of fire frequency, historic (1700-1855), settlement (1856-1909), and suppression (1910-present), showed a decreased mean fire interval (MFI) during the settlement period and a greatly increased MFI during the suppression era. The difference was attributed to the influx of ignition sources during the settlement of the nearby Cache Valley, located 40 kilometers to the west. The interaction of settlers with the resource during logging and livestock grazing activities encouraged the high MFI and created the vegetal mosaic now observed on the study area.

The …

The Effects Of Furnish And Supercalendering On Rotogravure Printability Of Uncoated Papers, David M. Diekelman

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A comparison was made of the surface and printing properties of eucalyptus and loblolly handsheets which were subjected to different supercalendering conditions. Supercalendering nip pressure was kept constant (2000 pli). The different supercalendering conditions investigated were the effects of the steel and filled rolls on the paper quality produced. The differences between the two pulps were large and this was attributed to the compressible nature of the two different fiber network structures. The more compressible eucalyptus sheet obtained better surface and printing properties at a given nip pressure. The eucalyptus sheet also showed no significant change in properties obtained under …

Design Of A Secondary Headbox For The Wmu Pilot Plant Fourdrinier Paper Machine, James Robert Spranger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A secondary headbox has been designed for the WMU pilot plant fourdrinier papermachine to facilitate research into the formation and final sheet properties of two-ply webs. A thorough literature search was undertaken to determine the design criteria of a headbox and the means used to meet those goals. The result was a hydraulic secondary headbox. The stock for the second ply enters the headbox, passes over one baffle and under another, then flows through a closed channel with eight bends in it. The stock then flows through a short straight section, makes a 90° turn, and then flows to the …