Forest Sciences Commons^™

"Supercalendering: The Blackening Reaction And Its Effect On Strength And Optical Properties Of Rotogravure Paper", Valerie Bland

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This senior engineering problem is the study of the mechanism of blackening and methods of measurement for blackening. The effect of blackening is the loss of color and opacity in the sheet. The loss of color results as a darker sheet. There are 3 major variables which cause blackening: moisture content, nip pressures, and roll temperatures. The increase in any of these variables results in blackening. In this experiment, the increase of moisture content produced the most significant blackening. The increase of pressure and increase of temperature produced slight blackening effects. The most blackened sheet occurred at 10% moisture, 200 …

The Analysis Of Wiremark, Karen L. Birks

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Wire Mark is the impression left on the paper web by its initial forming fabric. Wire Mark can be explained as differing levels of density in a sheet. By definition, the ideal formation is a sheet which has completely uniform density. Many changes have occurred in forming fabrics over the years to resolve this problem. The development of double and triple layer wires for a smoother surface have come about. This thesis takes these forming wires and further modifies the surfaces to reduce wire mark patterns. The action is analyzed by several common paper tests, along with the aid of …

Pulp Viscosity Vs. Zero Span Tensile For Determining Pulp Strength, John P. Shulstad

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Pulp viscosity and zero span tensile tests can be used to predict the ultimate fiber strength of pulp fibers. A project to compare the traditional test with the newer zero span tensile test was completed. In order to compare both tests for precision, bleached softwood kraft pulp was disintegrated and made into handsheets. The handsheets were exposed to ION HCL vapor from a few minutes to a few hours to get a range in fiber strength since the HCl degrades the cellulose. Pulp viscosity and zero span tensile tests were completed on the handsheet paper samples. It was observed that …

Effects Of The Addition Of Binder On The Packing Characteristics Of Pigment Particles, Rajesh K. Garg

Masters Theses

This study describes in a quantitative manner the relationships between coating structure and optical properties. Scattering coefficient, gloss and pore volume were measured after applying different blends of polystyrene spheres using various amounts of binder to transparent Mylar film. The coatings were prepared using four proportions of two sizes of polystyrene spheres and varying amount of two binders, starch and latex respectively. Optical properties of coatings were related to changes in coating structure. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structure and to facilitate void size measurement. The void size distribution correlated very well with the scattering and …

An Analysis Of Topographic Effects On Landsat Thematic Mapper Image Using Digital Terain Data, Xiaomin Liu

Masters Theses

A comprehensive literature review on the simulation and corrections of topographic variations in remote sensing data was presented. The effects of topography on the scene radiance of LANDSAT thematic mapper (TM) image were examined in the context of the remote sensing of vegetation m Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP).

To simulate the image intensity component due to varying orientation of surface elements, two reflectance models were adopted to generate the synthetic images from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Visual and analytical procedures were developed to register the TM image to the DEM data.

The dark tones of scene radiance …

Cost-Effective Fire Management For Southern California's Chaparral Wilderness: An Analytical Procedure, Chris A. Childers, Douglas D. Piirto

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Fire management has always meant fire suppression to the managers of the chaparral covered southern California National Forests. Today, Forest Service fire management programs must be cost effective, while wilderness fire management objectives are aimed at recreating natural fire regimes. A cost-effectiveness analysis has been developed to compare fire management options for meeting these objectives in California's chaparral wilderness. This paper describes the analytical procedure using examples from a study currently being conducted for the Los Padres National Forest, and discusses some preliminary results.

The Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) Of Pine Hollow And The Uw-Milwaukee Field Station, Daniel K. Young

Field Station Bulletins

Four species of marsh beetles were collected from Pine Hollow during the 1987 field season. Of these, Prionocyphon discoideus (Say) represents a new state record. In addition, specimens of an undescribed Cyphon were also recovered. During the same period, 12 scirtid species were taken at the UW-Milwaukee Field Station. Of these, new state records are reported for five species of Cyphon: fuscescens Klausnitzer, neovariabilis Klausnitzer, orohreatus KLausnitzer, perplexus Blatchley, and ruficollis (Say). Only two species, Flavohelodes thoracica (Guerin-Meneville) and Cyphon obscurus (Guerin-Meneville), were recovered from both sites. Observational notes are included for each of the species found at the two …

Glossy Buckthorn (Rhamnus Frangula), A Threat To The Vegetation Of The Cedarburg Bog, James A. Reinartz, Joanne Kline

Field Station Bulletins

Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) is a shrub or small tree which is a native of Eurasia, introduced to North America about the mid-nineteenth century. Escaped from cultivation, Rhamnus frangula is rapidly becoming a serious pest in certain kinds of wetland habitats and has been in the Cedarburg Bog for at least the last thirty years. Glossy buckthorn is most dense in the string bog, the most unique vegetation type in the Bog. Since 1968, the string bog population of Rhamnus frangula has been growing logarithmically at a rate which doubles the population size in less than 4 years. Individual shoots …

Status Of Alien Plant Species In Eight State Naturalareas In Eastern Wisconsin, Lawrence A. Leitner

Field Station Bulletins

An annotated list of the non-native plant species found in eight eastern Wisconsin natural areas and their relative abundances in 1988 is presented. Except for European buckthorn, aliens were scattered and at low densities, several found mainly along trails. The most seriously invaded sites were Sanders Park and Muskego Park, areas with numerous hiking trails and relatively open, oak-dominated canopies.

Research Report No. 22, A Computer Program In Basic For Estimating Yield Of East Texas Pine Plantations, Terry L. Hackett, Tom M. Hartz

Informal Project Reports

A computer program for estimating per acre yield for lob lolly and slash pine plantations in East Texas ls presented. The program, DIADISD.BAS, ls written in BASIC and is designed to run on IBM (and compatible) PC computers. An option in DIADISD.BAS allows the user to impose mortality rates on the pine plantations for both fusiform rust infected tree stems Md disease-free stems.

B819: The Spruce Budworm Outbreak In Maine In The 1970'S–Assessment And Directions For The Future, Lloyd C. Irland, John B. Dimond, Judy L. Stone, Jonathan Falk, Ellen Baum

Bulletins

This report was initiated by the Maine Forest Service (MFS) in response to concerns that a serious effort was needed to capture the experiences and lessons learned during the 1970-85 spruce budworm outbreak in Maine. The report synthesizes the observations and experiences of land managers, as well as the principal results of recent scientific research on spruce budworm in Maine. This report briefly reviews budworm population dynamics and interactions with the forest, then describes the budworm's impacts in detail. It then reviews the three principal responses: survey and detection; spraying; and silviculture and salvage. It then offers an overview of …

Prediction Of Forest Type And Productivity Index On Disturbed Sites In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Charlotte Pyle

Masters Theses

A study was conducted in a portion of the permanent vegetation plots established by Uplands Field Research Laboratory in Great Smoky Mountains. The plots were located in the northwestern portion of the park in the vicinity of Cades Cove and Tremont on sites previously disturbed by chestnut blight, logging, fire, farming activities, and livestock grazing. Estimated plot productivity, and data on vegetation, soils, and topographic parameters were available from previous study of these plots. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods to predict forest cover type and plot productivity index score using site and disturbance history-related factors. …

Explorations, Vol. 4, No. 3, Carole J. Bombard, Mauri Pelto, Nancy E. Coverstone, William D. Lilley, Charles Gregory, Marcia Gauvin, Caellaigh Bennett Derosiers, Steven R. Dudgeon, Ian R. Davison, Robert L. Vadas

Explorations — A Journal of Research

Articles include:

Cover: Trophy: MooseHorn, from the Trophy Series, by Caellaigh B. Desrosiers.

"Editorial Reflections," by Carole J. Bombard

"North Cascade Glacier Climate Project," by Mauri Pelto

"Stained Glass Molecules," by Anne P. Sherblom

"Lobsters Inside-Out: A Guide to the Maine Lobster"

"Community Forestry: UMaine Cooperative Extension Service," by Nancy E. Coverstone and William D. Lilley

"Where Are They Now? — Robert F. LaPrade, M.D. ’81"

"Little Critters with a Big Job: Ciliated Protozoa and the Gulf of Maine Food Chain," by Marcia Gauvin from a paper by Charles Gregory

"The Innovation of Tradition: Low-Cost, Low-Input Alternatives for Maine …

Antidegradation And Nonpoint Source Pollution In The West, H. Michael Anderson

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

31 pages.

Contains references.

Timber Harvesting On Private Lands: The Washington Timber– Fish–Wildlife Agreement, John P. Mcmahon

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

24 pages.

Contains 3 pages of references.

Soil Erosion, Agrichemicals And Water Quality: A Need For A New Conservation Ethic?, Christine Olsenius

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

24 pages.

Contains references.

The San Joaquin–Sacramento Delta, David R. Beringer

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

20 pages.

Contains 2 pages of references.

The 1987 Nonpoint Source Pollution Amendments And State Progress Under The New Program, John H. Davidson

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

143 pages.

Contains 4 pages of references.

Public Land Livestock Grazing, Water Quality And Riparian Ecosystems: The Evolving Legal And Technical Context, Richard H. Braun

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

8 pages.

Contains 1 page of references.

Legal Issues: San Francisco Bay, Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta And Estuary, Stuart L. Somach

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

48 pages.

Contains footnotes.

Bay/Delta Standards Memorandum And Exhibits, Thomas J. Graff

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

47 pages.

The Effect Of Ph Variation On The Evolution Of Non-Condensible Gases From Hardwood Black Liquors, Gregory Allen Goode

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A distillation process utilizing hardwood black liquor samples from Mead in Escanaba was used to determine the effect of ph on non-condensible gas evolution.

Ph was found to be highly negatively correlated to the volumetric production of non-condensible gas. The correlation for all the black liquor samples tested was found to be greater than -.990. This indicates that as ph increases the volumetric production of non-condensible gas decreases.

Ph was found to be more correlated to the effect of gas volume reduction in the ph range of I 1.5 to 12.5.

Non-condensible gases produced in the fifth and sixth effects …

Agenda: Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use And Environmental Protection, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Water Quality Control: Integrating Beneficial Use and Environmental Protection (Summer Conference, June 1-3)

Conference organizers and/or faculty included University of Colorado School of Law professors David H. Getches, Lawrence J. MacDonnell and Charles F. Wilkinson.

Protecting water quality is essential to preserve the many beneficial uses of western water resources. This conference addresses the dominant federal requirements in the Clean Water Act, including the important major revisions enacted by Congress in 1987, with special attention to western problems regarding nonpoint source pollution. Developments in groundwater quality regulation are considered, as are selected issues concerning the implications of state and federal water quality regulation for the traditional exercise of water rights.

A Study Of Alkaline Sodium Sulfite Pretreatment Of Spruce During Thermomechanical Pulping, Nagaraju Dendukuri

Masters Theses

A review of literature relating sodium sulfite pretreatment during thermomechanical pulping to pulp physical properties revealed many contradictions. Thermomechanical pulping variables were studied for their effect on pulp physical properties. An improvement in pulp physical properties was observed above 1% sodium sulfite treatment. Regression analysis and analysis of variance showed that there was a significant effect of sodium sulfite on the reduction of shive content, pulp brightness, and tear index. Fiber length, tensile, burst, and density were not found to be significantly affected by the amount of sodium sulfite. Sodium sulfite treatment during thermomechanical pulping showed a negative relationship with …

A Pilot Plant Evaluation Of Selected Hardwood Pulps For Supercalendered Grade B Paper, Devendra Kumar Srivastava

Masters Theses

The proliferation of wood free printing and writing papers suggests the evaluation of hardwood kraft and chemithermomechanical pulps for the manufacture of uncoated rotogravure paper. In this study 100% aspen kraft, 100% eucalyptus kraft, and 50% aspen chemithermomechanical with 50% kraft pulps were used to produce rotogravure paper on as 32" trim Fourdriner paper machine under alkaline papermaking condition.

The machine runnability was smooth using 100% hardwood furnish for the production of rotogravure paper. The paper produced was found suitable for supercalender grade B applications, such as Sunday magazines, inserts, and flyers. The tensile index and tear index values were …

Tb131: Tree Improvement In The Northeast: Interim Summary And Recommendations For Selected Species, K. K. Carter, D. H. Dehayes, M. E. Demeritt Jr., R. T. Eckert

Technical Bulletins

This publication of the regional research project NE-27, Genetics and Improvement of Northeastern Trees, is intended to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding genetic variation and tree improvement practices for eleven common tree species in the Northeast. The authors have attempted to summarize the information that will be most useful to forest managers, administrators, and field foresters in this region. Our intent is to be informative, not exhaustive.

Fire Frequency And The Vegetal Mosaic Of The Utah State University Experimental Forest, Linda L. Wadleigh-Anhold

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A fire history study conducted for the Utah State University (USU) Experimental Forest using three distinct periods of fire frequency, historic (1700-1855), settlement (1856-1909), and suppression (1910-present), showed a decreased mean fire interval (MFI) during the settlement period and a greatly increased MFI during the suppression era. The difference was attributed to the influx of ignition sources during the settlement of the nearby Cache Valley, located 40 kilometers to the west. The interaction of settlers with the resource during logging and livestock grazing activities encouraged the high MFI and created the vegetal mosaic now observed on the study area.

The …

Deer And Forestry In Germany: Half A Century After Aldo Leopold, Michael L. Wolfe, Friedrich-Christian V. Berg

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Proceedings--Future Forests Of The Mountain West: A Stand Culture Symposium, U.S. Forest Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Presents best information available about young dynamic western forests and charts the future of forestry in western North America.

Long-Term Population Trends In Songbirds: Evidence From A General Netting Program, Charles M. Weise

Field Station Bulletins

A one-day-a-week general bird-netting operation has been conducted each autumn since 1965 at the UWM Field Station. Overall results for 23 years are presented, on a species by species basis. The 101 species captured were divided into three groups for a linear regression test for long-term population trends. Permanent residents showed no change over the 23 years. Short distance migrants exhibited a slight but not statistically significant decline. Long-distance migrants, on the other hand, exhibited a statistically significant decline, lending support to other studies which have reported population declines in North American songbirds that spend the winter in the tropics.